1
|
Romero B, Susperregui J, Sahagún AM, Fernández N, López C, de la Puente R, Altónaga JR, Díez R. Drug prescription pattern in exotic pet and wildlife animal practice: a retrospective study in a Spanish veterinary teaching hospital from 2018 to 2022. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1328698. [PMID: 38260200 PMCID: PMC10800385 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1328698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exotic companion animals have had an important role in our society since ancient times. Preserving animal health is necessary to do a responsible use of veterinary medicines. This study aimed to describe the prescription patterns of drugs in exotic pets and wildlife animals attending the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of León (HVULE). A retrospective study was carried out between 2018 and 2022. Birds were the largest group of exotic animals attending the HVULE. Visits were related to emergency reasons and for musculoskeletal disorders. One-third of the animals were eventually euthanised. Regarding pharmacological treatments, the most frequently active ingredients used were pentobarbital, isoflurane, meloxicam, and within antibiotics, marbofloxacin (category B in the classification of European Medicines Agency).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Romero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Julen Susperregui
- Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Ana M. Sahagún
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Nélida Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Cristina López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Raúl de la Puente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - José R. Altónaga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, Director of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of León (HVULE), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Raquel Díez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petritz OA, de Matos R. Treatment of Pain in Ferrets. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:245-255. [PMID: 36402484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferrets often require pain management as part of comprehensive veterinary care. Recognition and objective quantification of pain, such as the ferret grimace scale, are the first steps of an analgesic plan. As in other species, a multimodal approach to pain management is preferred, which includes combining analgesic drugs of multiple classes and/or techniques to affect different areas of the pain pathway. This article reviews the current published literature on analgesic medications in domestic ferrets, including specific drugs, doses, dosing intervals, and routes of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Petritz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Ricardo de Matos
- Section of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, S2-208 Veterinary Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horgan MD, Knych HK, Siksay SE, Duerr RS. Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Oral Meloxicam in Rehabilitated Wild Brown Pelicans ( Pelecanus occidentalis). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 34:329-337. [PMID: 33355409 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Because of concerns regarding potential adverse effects of meloxicam in pelicans reported by several zoos and wildlife rehabilitation facilities, this study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of meloxicam in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis). A pilot study was performed with 6 apparently healthy wild adult brown pelicans of unknown sex during rehabilitation, administered a single oral dose of meloxicam at 0.2 mg/kg. Plasma drug concentrations were monitored for 24 hours but failed to capture the elimination phase of the drug. Consequently, a principal study monitored plasma concentrations for 120 hours. Six additional adult wild brown pelicans, 3 males and 3 females, approaching releasable condition in rehabilitation were split into 3 groups and each orally administered 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 4 additional time points that differed between groups. Plasma concentrations were measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mean maximum plasma concentration was 1.22 µg/mL and was achieved at 24 hours after drug administration. The elimination half-life was 36.3 hours, the longest reported to date for any avian species. Further studies are needed to determine the pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of meloxicam and other routes of administration, as well as the pharmacodynamics and safety profile of meloxicam in brown pelicans. On the basis of the results of these investigations, caution is advised when dosing brown pelicans with meloxicam until more studies are completed. By extrapolation, close taxonomic relatives in the order Pelecaniformes may also warrant additional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly D Horgan
- University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Heather K Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharon E Siksay
- Livingston Ripley Waterfowl Conservancy, Litchfield, CT 06759, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Doss GA, Mans C. Antinociceptive efficacy and safety of subcutaneous buprenorphine hydrochloride administration in African pygmy hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 257:618-623. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.6.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Sasai H, Fujita D, Seto E, Denda Y, Imai Y, Okamoto K, Okamura K, Furuya M, Tani H, Sasai K. Outcome of limb fracture repair in rabbits: 139 cases (2007-2015). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:457-463. [PMID: 29393732 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcome of limb fracture repair in rabbits. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 139 client-owned rabbits with limb fractures treated between 2007 and 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for information on fracture location, fracture treatment, and time to fracture healing. RESULTS 25 rabbits had fractures involving the distal aspects of the limbs (ie, metacarpal or metatarsal bones, phalanges, and calcaneus or talus). Fractures were treated in 23 of these 25 rabbits (external coaptation, n = 17; external skeletal fixation, 4; and intramedullary pinning, 2) and healed in all 23, with a median healing time of 28 days (range, 20 to 45 days). One hundred ten rabbits had long bone fractures, and fractures were treated in 100 of the 110 (external skeletal fixation, n = 89; bone plating, 1; intramedullary pinning, 3; and external coaptation, 7). The percentage of fractures that healed was significantly lower for open (14/18) than for closed (26/26) tibial fractures and was significantly lower for femoral (19/26) and treated humeral (4/6) fractures than for radial (23/24) or closed tibial (26/26) fractures. Micro-CT was used to assess fracture realignment during external skeletal fixator application and to evaluate fracture healing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prognosis for rabbits with limb fractures was good, with fractures healing in most rabbits following fracture repair (109/123). Micro-CT was useful in assessing fracture realignment and evaluating fracture healing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Katzenbach JE, Wittenburg LA, Allweiler SI, Gustafson DL, Johnston MS. PHARMACOKINETICS OF SINGLE-DOSE BUPRENORPHINE, BUTORPHANOL, AND HYDROMORPHONE IN THE DOMESTIC FERRET ( MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO ). J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Zollinger TJ, Hoover JP, Payton ME, Schiller CA. Clinicopathologic, Gross Necropsy, and Histologic Findings After Intramuscular Injection of Carprofen in a Pigeon (Columba livia) Model. J Avian Med Surg 2011; 25:173-84. [DOI: 10.1647/2010-023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
The growing popularity of ferrets as pets has created the demand for advanced veterinary care for these patients. Pain is associated with a broad range of conditions, including acute or chronic inflammatory disease, neoplasia, and trauma, as well as iatrogenic causes, such as surgery and diagnostic procedures. Effective pain management requires knowledge and skills to assess pain, good understanding of the pathophysiology of pain, and general knowledge of pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic principles. Unfortunately, scientific studies on efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of analgesic drugs in the ferret are limited. However, basic rules on the treatment of pain and mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of analgesic drugs in other species can be adapted and applied to pain management in ferrets. This article aims to make an inventory of what is known on the recognition of pain in ferrets, what analgesic drugs are currently used in ferrets, and how they can be adopted in a patient-orientated pain management plan to provide effective pain relief while reducing and monitoring for unwanted side effects.
Collapse
|
9
|
J. Divers S, Papich M, McBride M, L. Stedman N, Perpinan D, F. Koch T, M. Hernandez S, Heather Barron G, Pethel M, C. Budsberg S. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam following intravenous and oral administration in green iguanas(Iguana iguana). Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:1277-83. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.11.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
|