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Recombinant Human Prolidase (rhPEPD) Induces Wound Healing in Experimental Model of Inflammation through Activation of EGFR Signalling in Fibroblasts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020851. [PMID: 36677909 PMCID: PMC9867103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of recombinant human prolidase (rhPEPD) to induce wound healing in an experimental model of IL-1β-induced inflammation in human fibroblasts was studied. It was found that rhPEPD significantly increased cell proliferation and viability, as well as the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling proteins, such as phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, in the studied model. Moreover, rhPEPD upregulated the expression of the β1 integrin receptor and its downstream signaling proteins, such as p-FAK, Grb2 and p-ERK 1/2. The inhibition of EGFR signaling by gefitinib abolished rhPEPD-dependent functions in an experimental model of inflammation. Subsequent studies showed that rhPEPD augmented collagen biosynthesis in IL-1β-treated fibroblasts as well as in a wound healing model (wound closure/scratch test). Although IL-1β treatment of fibroblasts increased cell migration, rhPEPD significantly enhanced this process. This effect was accompanied by an increase in the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, suggesting extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling during the inflammatory process. The data suggest that rhPEPD may play an important role in EGFR-dependent cell growth in an experimental model of inflammation in human fibroblasts, and this knowledge may be useful for further approaches to the treatment of abnormalities of wound healing and other skin diseases.
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Tu S, Qi Z, Li W, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Wei J, Yang L, Wei S, Du X, Yi D. Chemodivergent photocatalytic access to 1-pyrrolines and 1-tetralones involving switchable C(sp3)–H functionalization. Front Chem 2022; 10:1058596. [PMID: 36385998 PMCID: PMC9641198 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1058596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemodivergent photocatalytic approach to 1-pyrrolines and 1-tetralones from alkyl bromides and vinyl azides has been developed through chemoselectively controllable intermolecular [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cyclization. This photoredox-neutral two-component protocol involves intermolecular radical addition and switchable distal C(sp3)–H functionalization enabled by iminyl radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer. Meanwhile, chemoselectivity between C(sp3)–N bond formation and C(sp3)–C(sp2) bond formation is precisely switched by photocatalysts (Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 vs. fac-Ir(ppy)3) and additives (base vs. acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Tu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Qi
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Weicai Li
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shiqi Zhang, ; Xi Du, ; Dong Yi,
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siping Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Du
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shiqi Zhang, ; Xi Du, ; Dong Yi,
| | - Dong Yi
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shiqi Zhang, ; Xi Du, ; Dong Yi,
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Rostami E, Maleki M, Koohestani R, Oghazi MR, Safavi EA, Hayati F. Effect of intermittent fasting on saving zone of stasis in burn wounds in rats. Burns 2022; 49:901-913. [PMID: 35787965 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent Fasting (IF) has proved to have various positive effects on life span, diseases, and healing of tissues in rodents. We evaluated the protective effect of fasting in maintaining the ischemic zones in burn wounds. METHODS In this study, 20 rats were divided into two groups where the IF rats were deprived of food for three months. Burn wounds were created by burn comb model on the back of all rats. On days 3 and 21 after injury, five rats in each group were euthanized whereby samples were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical (Bcl2, P53 and VEGF), and biochemical (MDA, TAC, HP) evaluations. RESULTS Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial layer and zone of ischemia remained viable in the intermittent fasting group on day 3. On the 21st day, epithelialization, angiogenesis, inflammation, fibrocyte-fibroblast, and collagen density were different in the ischemic and necrotic zones between the control and intermittent fasting groups (p<0.05). We found no statistical differences in Bcl2, P53, VEGF, MDA, TAC, and HP on day 3 between the intermittent fasting and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent fasting before burn wounds reduces tissue damage caused by ischemia and enhanced the viability of cells in zone of stasis. It also accelerated wound healing by increasing epithelialization and collagen production in the skin and regulating inflammatory responses. This intervention appears to be related to better collagen arrangement and angiogenesis.
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Seleem M, Abulfadl YS, Hoffy N, Lotfy NM, Ewida HA. Promising role of topical caffeine mesoporous gel in collagen resynthesis and UV protection through proline assessment. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Caffeine, an alkaloid agent, has been globally used regularly in drinks, for the reduction in skin cancers and wrinkle formation. As a result of the previous, attempts have been carried out to use caffeine in cosmetology due to its antioxidant and UV ray protection effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of caffeine on collagen resynthesis via its effect on proline and prolidase biosynthesis on mice, orally and topically as mesoporous silica at three levels, and the influence on UV protection. In skin biopsies of orally and topically treated mice, the following was assessed using ELISA and Western blot techniques, the activity of prolidase, together with the concentrations of proline, beta integrin, insulin growth factor, protein kinases beta, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, we loaded the caffeine on mesoporous silica and assessed the aforementioned parameters together with checkpoint kinase 1 and Rad3-related protein.
Results
Caffeine promoted collagen resynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of this process was found at the level of prolidase activity as caffeine significantly increased the enzyme activity. Caffeine also had a protective effect against UV exhibited by the over-expression of beta integrin, insulin growth factor together with the under-expression of protein kinases beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, checkpoint kinase 1, and Rad3-related protein.
Conclusions
Our study revealed the superiority of SYL-C12 (mesoporous silica-loaded caffeine gel), compromising the high level of the three independent factors, in terms of the measured responses in mesoporous silica with caffeine. Moreover, caffeine promoted collagen resynthesis with significant protective effect against UV apoptotic damage.
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NSAIDs Induce Proline Dehydrogenase/Proline Oxidase-Dependent and Independent Apoptosis in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073813. [PMID: 35409177 PMCID: PMC8998922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered in cancer therapy for their inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is overexpressed in most cancers. However, we found that NSAIDs as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-induced apoptosis independent of the COX-2 inhibition, and the process was mediated through activation of proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX)-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This mitochondrial enzyme converts proline to ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) during which ATP or ROS is generated. To confirm the role of PRODH/POX in the mechanism of NSAID-induced apoptosis we obtained an MCF7 CRISPR/Cas9 PRODH/POX knockout breast cancer cell model (MCF7POK-KO). Interestingly, the studied NSAIDs (indomethacin and diclofenac) in MCF7POK-KO cells contributed to a more pronounced pro-apoptotic phenotype of the cells than in PRODH/POX-expressing MCF7 cells. The observed effect was independent of ROS generation, but it was related to the energetic disturbances in the cells as shown by an increase in the expression of AMPKα (sensor of cell energy status), GLUD1/2 (proline producing enzyme from glutamate), prolidase (proline releasing enzyme), PPARδ (growth supporting transcription factor) and a decrease in the expression of proline cycle enzymes (PYCR1, PYCRL), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and collagen biosynthesis (the main proline utilizing process). The data provide evidence that the studied NSAIDs induce PRODH/POX-dependent and independent apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells.
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Metformin Treatment or PRODH/POX-Knock out Similarly Induces Apoptosis by Reprograming of Amino Acid Metabolism, TCA, Urea Cycle and Pentose Phosphate Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121888. [PMID: 34944532 PMCID: PMC8699520 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been considered that proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) is involved in antineoplastic activity of metformin (MET). The aim of this study is identification of key metabolites of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acids (TCA), urea cycles (UC) and some amino acids in MET-treated MCF-7 cells and PRODH/POX-knocked out MCF-7 (MCF-7crPOX) cells. MCF-7crPOX cells were generated by using CRISPR-Cas9. Targeted metabolomics was performed by LC-MS/MS/QqQ. Expression of pro-apoptotic proteins was evaluated by Western blot. In the absence of glutamine, MET treatment or PRODH/POX-knock out of MCF-7 cells contributed to similar inhibition of glycolysis (drastic increase in intracellular glucose and pyruvate) and increase in the utilization of phospho-enol-pyruvic acid, glucose-6-phosphate and some metabolites of TCA and UC, contributing to apoptosis. However, in the presence of glutamine, MET treatment or PRODH/POX-knock out of MCF-7 cells contributed to utilization of some studied metabolites (except glucose), facilitating pro-survival phenotype of MCF-7 cells in these conditions. It suggests that MET treatment or PRODH/POX-knock out induce similar metabolic effects (glucose starvation) and glycolysis is tightly linked to glutamine metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The data provide insight into mechanism of anticancer activity of MET as an approach to further studies on experimental breast cancer therapy.
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Kazberuk A, Zareba I, Palka J, Surazynski A. A novel plausible mechanism of NSAIDs-induced apoptosis in cancer cells: the implication of proline oxidase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1152-1160. [PMID: 32710395 PMCID: PMC7550302 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although pharmaco-epidemiological studies provided evidence for the anticancer potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the mechanism of their anti-cancer activity is not known. Several lines of evidence suggest that proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) may represent a target for NSAIDs-dependent anti-cancer activity. PRODH/POX catalyzes conversion of proline into Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate releasing ATP or reactive oxygen species for autophagy/apoptosis. Since NSAIDs are ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs) and PPARs are implicated in PRODH/POX-dependent apoptosis we provided a hypothesis on the mechanism of NSAIDs-induced apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kazberuk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ilona Zareba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surazynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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8
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Szoka L, Karna E, Andrulewicz‐Botulinska E, Hlebowicz‐Sarat K, Palka JA. The mechanism for differential effect of nelfinavir and indinavir on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:845-853. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Ewa Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy A. Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
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9
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Fasting and Its Impact on Skin Anatomy, Physiology, and Physiopathology: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020249. [PMID: 30678053 PMCID: PMC6413166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin serves as the first protective line and barrier of the body. Like many other organs, skin can be affected by several disorders in response to external factors such as pathogens, ultraviolet light, and pollution, as well as endogenous alterations related to aging and/or oxidative stress disturbance. Researchers have reported new insights into how skin cells are altered in response to caloric restriction diets in mammals. One of the most well-known caloric restriction diets is the Ramadan intermittent fasting, which is a radical change in the diet plan of practitioners for the period of one lunar month. Ramadan fasting represents the fourth of the five pillars of the Islamic creed. Even though infirm individuals are waived to take part in this religious duty, patients with various health problems, including those with different skin disorders, might choose to share this event with peers and family members. No standardized protocols or guidelines exist, however, to advise their physicians on the proper management of their patients' condition during fasting. With an increasing Muslim population living in Western countries, this topic has started to draw substantial attention, not only of Middle-Eastern physicians, but also of clinicians in the West. For this purpose, we carried out a comprehensive overview on the topic. Our main findings are that: (1) there is a strong need for evidence-based suggestions and guidance. Literature on the impact of the Ramadan fasting, as well as of other kinds of fasting, on skin diseases is scarce and of poor quality, as well as the information available from the Internet; (2) patients willing to fast should be advised about the importance of taking proper treatments or consider alternative options including administration of trans-dermal/topical drugs, as they are permitted during daylight hours. Further, non-compliance has important, clinical and economic implications for an effective patient management.
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10
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Schlegel M, Schneider C. Rapid Construction of Complex 2-Pyrrolines through Lewis Acid-Catalyzed, Sequential Three-Component Reactions via in Situ-Generated 1-Azaallyl Cations. Org Lett 2018; 20:3119-3123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schlegel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Szoka L, Karna E, Hlebowicz-Sarat K, Karaszewski J, Palka JA. Exogenous proline stimulates type I collagen and HIF-1α expression and the process is attenuated by glutamine in human skin fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:197-206. [PMID: 28526934 PMCID: PMC5632346 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abundance of proline (Pro) in collagen molecule led us to investigate whether Pro supply affects collagen biosynthesis in human skin fibroblasts. Treatment of the cells with milimolar concentrations (5 and 10 mM) of Pro for 24 and 48 h contributed to increase in α1 subunit of collagen type I (COL1A1) expression in both cells and culture medium. However, the effect was more pronounced in glutamine-free medium. In such condition, Pro induced collagen expression by about twofold in the cells, while in the medium only by about 30% during 24 h incubation, compared to control. In the presence of glutamine (Gln), exogenous Pro stimulated intracellular collagen expression only by about 30% during 24 h of fibroblasts incubation, and it was not accompanied by adequate increase of collagen secretion into medium. Gln alone stimulated the processes by about 2–3 fold during the course of the experiment. Pro-dependent increase in collagen expression in Gln-free medium was accompanied by increase in prolidase activity and expression of pAkt. In both Gln-free medium and Gln-supplemented medium, Pro induced expression of p53 and HIF-1α. The data suggest that availability of Gln, as a substrate for Pro biosynthesis, determine the utilization of exogenous Pro for the collagen biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kornelia Hlebowicz-Sarat
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Medical University of Bialystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Karaszewski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Zareba I, Palka J. Prolidase-proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase-collagen biosynthesis axis as a potential interface of apoptosis/autophagy. Biofactors 2016; 42:341-8. [PMID: 27040799 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase is a cytosolic imidodipeptidase that specifically splits imidodipeptides with C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. The enzyme plays an important role in the recycling of proline from imidodipeptides for resynthesis of collagen and other proline-containing proteins. The mechanism of prolidase-dependent regulation of collagen biosynthesis was found at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The increase in the enzyme activity is due to its phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues. Prolidase-dependent transcriptional regulation of collagen biosynthesis was found at the level of NF-κB, known inhibitor of type I collagen gene expression. Proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) is flavin-dependent enzyme associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The enzyme catalyzes conversion of proline into Δ(1) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, inducing intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Alternatively, under low glucose stress, PRODH/POX activation produces ATP for energy supply and survival. Of special interest is that PRODH/POX gene is induced by P53 and peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPARγ). Among down-regulators of PRODH/POX is an oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC and miR-23b*. On the other hand, PRODH/POX suppresses HIF-1α transcriptional activity, the MAPK pathway, cyclooxygenase-2, epidermal growth factor receptor and Wnt/b-catenin signaling. PRODH/POX expression is often down-regulated in various tumors, limiting mitochondrial proline utilization to P5C. It is accompanied by increased cytoplasmic level of proline. Proline availability for PRODH/POX-dependent ATP or ROS generation depends on activity of prolidase and utilization of proline in process of collagen biosynthesis. Therefore, Prolidase-PRODH/POX-Collagen Biosynthesis axis may represent potential interface that regulate apoptosis and survival. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):341-348, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Zareba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Mel’nik OY, Chornous VA, Vovk MV. Polyfunctional imidazoles: IX. Synthesis of 1-aryl-5-(2-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-4-yl)-4-chloro-1H-imidazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szoka L, Karna E, Palka J. The mechanism of oxythiamine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:51-60. [PMID: 25626895 PMCID: PMC4383821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The oxythiamine (OXY) is antivitamin of thiamine. The finding that OXY increases the cytoplasmic concentration of pyruvate, known to enhance collagen biosynthesis, led us to investigate the mechanism of this antivitamin action on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (30–1,000 µM) of OXY for 24 and 48 h. It was found that OXY-dependent increase in collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by parallel increase in prolidase activity and level, compared to untreated cells. Since phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is known as an inhibitor of prolidase—the enzyme that plays important role in collagen biosynthesis, the mechanism of pyruvate interconversion was considered as a regulatory switch in collagen biosynthesis. In fact, 3-MPA, specific inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), contributed to up-regulation of prolidase activity, suggesting that down-regulation of PEP formation is an underlying mechanism. Since collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity are regulated by signal induced by activated α2β1 integrin receptor as well as insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), the expression of these receptors was measured by Western immunoblot analysis. The exposure of the cells to OXY contributed to decrease in IGF-IR, α2β1 integrin receptor, pERK1/2, and NF-κB p65 expressions. It was accompanied by increase in total ERK1/2 expression and induction of phosphorylation of Akt protein. The data suggest that OXY-dependent increase of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts results from activation of prolidase activity and level, induction in pAkt expression and down-regulation of pERK1/2 and NF-κB p65, the known inhibitor of collagen gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
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Zhan M, Zhang S, Huang Z, Xi Z. Efficient synthesis of aza-triquinacene derivatives via cycloaddition of 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes with nitroso compounds. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:862-4. [PMID: 25393100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes and nitroso compounds was investigated. Aza-triquinacene derivatives of interesting structural and synthetic chemistry were generated highly selectively in good to excellent isolated yields. This reaction, which was rarely found between common aziridine derivatives and nitroso compounds, could be attributed to the rigid polycyclic ring system and the substitution patterns of 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes. Δ(1) -Bipyrroline derivatives were formed in excellent yields when these aza-triquinacene derivatives were treated with SmI2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China), Fax: (+86) 10-6275-1708
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Marco-Martínez J, Reboredo S, Izquierdo M, Marcos V, López JL, Filippone S, Martín N. Enantioselective cycloaddition of münchnones onto [60]fullerene: organocatalysis versus metal catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2897-904. [PMID: 24483247 PMCID: PMC3954715 DOI: 10.1021/ja500071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Novel
chiral catalytic systems based on both organic compounds
and metal salts have been developed for the enantioselective [3 +
2] cycloaddition of münchnones onto fullerenes and olefins.
These two different approaches proved to be efficient and complementary
in the synthesis of optically active pyrrolino[3,4:1,2][60]fullerenes
with high levels of enantiomeric excess and moderate to good conversions.
Further functionalization of the pyrrolinofullerene carboxylic acid
derivatives has been carried out by esterification and amidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Marco-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense , E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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The mechanism of hydralazine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:303-9. [PMID: 23344524 PMCID: PMC3597333 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The finding that hydralazine (HYD) affects collagen metabolism led us to investigate the mechanism of its action on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase expression and activity, expression of α2β1 integrin, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK1, ERK2), and transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (50–500 μM) of HYD for 24 h. HYD had no influence on cell viability. It was found that HYD-dependent increase in collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by a parallel increase in prolidase activity and expression, HIF-1α expression, and decrease in DNA biosynthesis, compared to untreated cells. Since collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity are regulated by a signal induced by activated α2β1 integrin receptor as well as IGF-IR, the expression of these receptors was measured by Western immunoblot analysis. The exposure of the cells to HYD contributed to the increase in IGF-IR expression without any effect on α2β1 integrin receptor and FAK expressions. It was accompanied by a decrease in expression of MAP kinases and NF-κB p65, the known inhibitor of collagen gene expression. The data suggest that the HYD-dependent increase of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts results from activation of IGF-IR expression and prolidase activity and downregulation of NF-κB p65.
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Ozcan O, Malkoc E, Cosar A, Ipcioglu OM, Gultepe M, Muftuoglu T, Hira S, Ates F. Prolidase enzyme activity in varicose venous walls related to sperm count in patients with varicocele. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2012; 73:97-101. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Yu N, Wang C, Zhao F, Liu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Diverse Reactions of 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-dienes with Nitriles: Facile Access to Tricyclic Δ1-Bipyrrolines, Multiply Substituted Pyridines, Siloles, and (Z,Z)-Dienylsilanes by Tuning of Substituents on the Butadienyl Skeleton. Chemistry 2008; 14:5670-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Prolidase activity in serum and pleural fluids in patients with tuberculous pleural effussion. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:670-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Karna E, Palka JA. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis, α2β1 integrin and IGF-I receptor signaling in cultured fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 315:61-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Surazynski A, Miltyk W, Palka J, Phang JM. Prolidase-dependent regulation of collagen biosynthesis. Amino Acids 2008; 35:731-8. [PMID: 18320291 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase [EC.3.4.13.9] is a cytosolic imidodipeptidase, which specifically splits imidodipeptides with C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. The enzyme plays an important role in the recycling of proline from imidodipeptides (mostly derived from degradation products of collagen) for resynthesis of collagen and other proline-containing proteins. The enzyme activity is up-regulated by beta(1)-integrin receptor stimulation. The increase in the enzyme activity is due to its phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues. Collagen is not only structural component of extracellular matrix. It has been recognized as a ligand for integrin receptors, which play an important role in signaling that regulate ion transport, lipid metabolism, kinase activation and gene expression. Therefore, changes in the quantity, structure and distribution of collagens in tissues may affect cell signaling, metabolism and function. Several line of evidence suggests that prolidase activity may be a step-limiting factor in the regulation of collagen biosynthesis. It has been shown in different physiologic and pathologic conditions. It is of great importance during wound healing, inflammation, aging, tissue fibrosis and possibly skeletal abnormalities seen in Osteogenesis Imperfecta. The mechanism of prolidase-dependent regulation of collagen biosynthesis was found at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this study, we provide evidence for prolidase-dependent transcriptional regulation of collagen biosynthesis. The mechanism was found at the level of NF-kB, known inhibitor of type I collagen gene expression. Modulation of integrin-dependent signaling by stimulatory (i.e. thrombin) or inhibitory (i.e. echistatin) beta(1)-integrin ligands or by nitric oxide donors (i.e. DETA/NO) affect prolidase at post-transcriptional level. All those factors may represent novel approach to pharmacotherapy of connective tissue disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Surazynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
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23
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Karna E, Miltyk W, Pałka JA, Jarzabek K, Wołczyński S. Hyaluronic acid counteracts interleukin-1-induced inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human chondrocytes. Pharmacol Res 2006; 54:275-81. [PMID: 16884915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although, hyaluronic acid (HA) is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis for 30 years, the mechanism of its protective action on collagen metabolism disturbances in tissues during inflammation is not known. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism of IL-1beta action (inductor of experimental inflammation) on deregulation of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human chondrocytes and the effect of HA on the process. It has been found that IL-1beta strongly induced inhibition of collagen biosynthesis, while HA counteracted the process. The mechanism of this phenomenon was found at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. IL-1 was found to down regulate the expression of mRNA for type II collagen and to inhibit prolidase activity, an enzyme that plays an important role in collagen biosynthesis at post-translational level. HA was shown to counteract the IL-1beta-dependent inhibition of both processes. During experimental inflammation of chondrocytes cultured in 0.1% FBS there was no differences in the expression of beta(1)-integrin independently of cell number and the presence of HA in growth medium. In chondrocytes cultured in 5% FBS, IL-1beta up-regulated the expression of beta(1)-integrin receptor while HA abolished the effect. The data suggest that HA-dependent up-regulation of collagen biosynthesis in IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes may involve stimulation of prolidase activity in serum "starved" cells and may also originate at the transcriptional level in the cells cultured in standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University in Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, Białystok, Poland
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24
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Karna E, Miltyk W, Pałka JA. Butyrate-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts is independent on alpha2beta1 integrin signalling and undergoes through IGF-I receptor cascade. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 286:147-52. [PMID: 16541197 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-9106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential role of butyrate to modulate cellular metabolism through integrin receptor led to evaluation of its effect on collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Confluent human dermal fibroblasts were treated with 2 mM and 4 mM of sodium butyrate (NaB) for 48 h. It was found that butyrate induced collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity independently of alpha2beta1 integrin signaling. The expressions of both alpha2 and beta1 integrin subunits as well as integrin-induced activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were not affected in the cells treated with NaB. Since insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the most potent stimulator of collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts, the effect of butyrate on IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression was evaluated. It was found that the exposure of the cells to 4 mM butyrate contributed to a distinct increase in IGF-IR. It was accompanied by a parallel increase in the expression of Sos protein and MAP-kinases (ERK1, ERK2). The data suggests that butyrate-dependent stimulation of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts undergoes through IGF-IR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University in Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
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25
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Cechowska-Pasko M, Palka J, Bańkowski E. Fasting-induced inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in rat skin. A possible role for phosphoenolpyruvate in this process. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 265:203-8. [PMID: 15543950 DOI: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000044397.32748.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fasting is accompanied by a decrease in collagen biosynthesis. The mechanism of this phenomenon involves inhibition of prolidase activity, an enzyme that plays a key role in upregulation of collagen metabolism. The mechanism of fasting-induced inhibition of prolidase activity is not known. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is known as a strong inhibitor of prolidase activity. It exerts this effect by inhibition of the enzyme phosphorylation. Unphosphorylated prolidase is inactive. One may expect that fasting-associated increase in posphoenolpyruvate content in animal tissues may be a factor which inactivates prolidase and makes it inactive in collagen biosynthesis. We measured the levels of phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, and pyruvate kinase in the skin of control and fasted rats and correlated these parameters with prolidase expression, prolidase activity and collagen biosynthesis in this tissue. Significant increase of PEP concentration (about 30%) was found in the skin of fasted rats. In the same time prolidase activity and collagen biosynthesis decreased by about 50% and 30%, respectively, compared to controls. It is known that phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by the action of pyruvate kinase. Since fasting significantly decreases the activity of this enzyme, one may suggest that the accumulation of PEP is caused by a reduced utilisation of this metabolite. As demonstrated by Western immunoblot analysis the decrease in prolidase activity was not accompanied by a decrease in the amount of the enzyme protein. Instead, a decrease in the enzyme phosphorylation was observed. The reduction in phosphorylation seems to be responsible for the decrease in prolidase activity. These data suggest that fasting-evoked accumulation of PEP reduces the activity of prolidase, providing a mechanism for inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Mickiewicza, Bialystok, Poland.
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26
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Vasiliou V, Pappa A, Estey T. Role of human aldehyde dehydrogenases in endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2004; 36:279-99. [PMID: 15237855 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-120034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains at least 17 genes that are members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily. These genes encode NAD(P)(+)-dependent enzymes that oxidize a wide range of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules that are intermediates or products involved in a broad spectrum of physiologic, biologic, and pharmacologic processes. Aldehydes are generated during retinoic acid biosynthesis and the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and drugs. Mutations in several ALDH genes are the molecular basis of inborn errors of metabolism and contribute to environmentally induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Vasiliou
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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27
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Peddibhotla S, Tepe JJ. Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Δ-Pyrrolines: exo-Selective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with Azlactones. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12776-7. [PMID: 15469263 DOI: 10.1021/ja046149i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a silver(I)-catalyzed exo-selective synthesis of highly substituted Delta1-pyrroline scaffolds from amino acid-derived münchnones. Silver acetate successfully catalyzed the cycloaddition reaction of azlactones with alkenes, generating Delta1-pyrrolines in very good yields without isomerization to the Delta2-pyrrolines or decarboxylation.
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28
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Galicka A, Wołczyński S, Gindzieński A, Surazyński A, Pałka J. Gly511 to Ser substitution in the COL1A1 gene in osteogenesis imperfecta type III patient with increased turnover of collagen. Mol Cell Biochem 2003; 248:49-56. [PMID: 12870654 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024197213525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a result of heterozygous mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, encoding type I procollagen chains. Here we described the molecular and biochemical defects detected in a case of severe type III OI. Cultured skin fibroblasts from the proband produced both normal and mutant type I collagen which was secreted into the medium. The mutation site was localized in alpha 1(I)-CB3 by CNBr cleavage of collagen chains. Subsequent reverse transcription-PCR amplification and direct sequencing of single-stranded PCR product led to identification of G to A transition in the COL1A1 gene, resulting in Gly511Ser substitution in the a1 chain of type I collagen. The new mutation conforms to the chain-specific non-lethal microdomain of Gly to Ser substitutions in the genotype-phenotype map. We have found that biosynthesis of collagen was increased in OI cells to about 160% of the control value. However, the amount of collagen deposed to the insoluble matrix was decreased as compared to the control. This suggests increased degradation of collagen, since the collagenolytic activity of OI cells was increased. Furthermore, the activity of prolidase, which is a marker of collagen turnover, was increased in OI cells. In regulation of activity of the enzyme are involved beta1 integrin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. Western immunoblot analysis showed that the expressions of both receptors were markedly increased in OI cells. These results suggest that increase in activity of prolidase can be associated with increase in intensity of collagen metabolism in type III OI patient with identified new G511S mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Academy of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
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29
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Karna E, Miltyk W, Wołczyński S, Pałka JA. The potential mechanism for glutamine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 130:23-32. [PMID: 11470441 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although glutamine (Gln) is known as an important stimulator of collagen biosynthesis in collagen-producing cells, the mechanism and endpoints by which it regulate the process remain largely unknown. Intermediates of Gln interconversion: glutamate (Glu) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) stimulate collagen biosynthesis in cultured cells but evoke different maxima of collagen biosynthesis stimulating activity at different times of incubation. P5C was found to be the most potent stimulator of collagen biosynthesis after 6 h of incubation (approx. three-fold increase); after 12 h, it induced increase in collagen biosynthesis to 260%, while at 24 h, the process was decreased to approximately 80% of control values. Glu induced increase in collagen biosynthesis to approximately 180%, 400% and 120% of control values, after 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, suggesting that after 12 h of incubation, Glu was the most potent stimulator of collagen biosynthesis. Glu was also the most potent stimulator of type I procollagen expression at this time. After 6, 12 and 24 h incubation, Gln induced collagen biosynthesis to approximately 112, 115 and 230% of control values, respectively. Since prolidase is known to be involved in collagen metabolism, the enzyme activity assay was performed in fibroblasts cultured in the presence of Gln, Glu and P5C. While Gln and Glu required 24 h for maximal stimulation of prolidase activity, P5C induced it after 6-12 h. The data suggest that P5C induced collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity in a shorter time than Gln and Glu. We considered that P5C directly stimulates the processes, while Gln acts through its intermediate-P5C. Reduction of P5C to proline is coupled to the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phospho-gluconate, catalyzed by G6P dehydrogenase. We have found that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a potent inhibitor of G6P dehydrogenase, inhibited a stimulatory effect of P5C on collagen synthesis, expression of type I collagen and prolidase activity. Our results postulate a potential mechanism of glutamine-induced collagen biosynthesis through its intermediate - P5C. P5C-dependent activation of nucleotide biosynthesis, prolidase activity and P5C conversion into proline may contribute to the stimulation of collagen biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical Academy of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-230, Białystok, Poland.
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30
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Surazyński A, Pałka J, Wołczyński S. Phosphorylation of prolidase increases the enzyme activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 220:95-101. [PMID: 11451388 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010849100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase [EC 3.4.13.9] is a ubiquitously distributed imidodipeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of C-terminal proline-containing dipeptides. The enzyme plays an important role in the recycling of proline for collagen synthesis and cell growth. Although, the increase in the enzyme activity is correlated with increased rate of collagen turnover, the mechanism by which prolidase is regulated remain largely unknown. In the present study we found that phosphorylation of fibroblast's prolidase may be an underlying mechanism for up regulation of the enzyme activity. Supporting evidence comes from the following observations: (1) immunoprecipitated prolidase was detected as a phosphotyrosine protein as shown by western immunoblot analysis, (2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor-erbstatin induced (in a dose dependent manner) a decrease in prolidase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts, (3) anti-phosphotyrosine antibody reduced and phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1B antibody (anti-PTP 1B) increased (in a dose dependent manner) the prolidase activity in extract of fibroblast's homogenate, (4) decrease in prolidase activity from collagenase treated or serum starved fibroblasts can be partially prevented by incubating fibroblast's homogenate extract with anti-PTP 1B antibody. These results provide evidence that prolidase is phosphotyrosine enzyme and suggest that the activity of prolidase may be up regulated by the enzyme phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Surazyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical Academy of Białystok, Poland
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31
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Vasiliou V, Pappa A, Petersen DR. Role of aldehyde dehydrogenases in endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2000; 129:1-19. [PMID: 11154732 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules that are intermediates or products involved in a broad spectrum of physiologic, biologic and pharmacologic processes. Aldehydes are generated from chemically diverse endogenous and exogenous precursors and aldehyde-mediated effects vary from homeostatic and therapeutic to cytotoxic, and genotoxic. One of the most important pathways for aldehyde metabolism is their oxidation to carboxylic acids by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Oxidation of the carbonyl functional group is considered a general detoxification process in that polymorphisms of several human ALDHs are associated a disease phenotypes or pathophysiologies. However, a number of ALDH-mediated oxidation form products that are known to possess significant biologic, therapeutic and/or toxic activities. These include the retinoic acid, an important element for vertebrate development, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important neurotransmitter, and trichloroacetic acid, a potential toxicant. This review summarizes the ALDHs with an emphasis on catalytic properties and xenobiotic substrates of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vasiliou
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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