Efecto de una visita prequirúrgica de enfermería perioperatoria sobre la ansiedad y el dolor

Impact of a PROgram of Cardiovascular nursE interventionS in a VALVular haEmodynamic Unit (PROCESS-VALVE) on Quality Indicators: A Quasi-Experimental Ambispective Study

Background

The percutaneous treatment of heart valve diseases carried out in the hemodynamic service is constantly growing. After analyzing the mortality, readmissions, success of the procedure, and complications, several studies support this type of percutaneous procedure. The increase in these procedures has required the creation of multidisciplinary teams and new diagnostic and care circuits, such as presurgical consultations and postsurgical follow-ups. Even so, there is little evidence regarding the effect of these consultations on quality indicators.

Purpose

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a program of presurgical and postsurgical nurse interventions (PROCESS-VALVE) on quality indicators of the health of patients undergoing percutaneous valve procedures.

Patients and Methods

The influence of presurgical and postsurgical consultations on quality indicators will be evaluated through an ambispective quasi-experimental study. Patients will be recruited at a tertiary-level hospital in Barcelona, Spain. For the control group, data will be collected retrospectively from patients who underwent percutaneous valve procedures but did not receive pre- or postsurgical consultations. The intervention group comprises those patients agreeing to participate in the study and the hemodynamic nurse valve consultation program (PROCESS-VALVE). In addition, we will assess whether a face-to-face postsurgical consultation equally improves quality indicators compared to postsurgical telephone consultation; for this, a sub-study will be carried out comparing face-to-face or telephone postsurgical follow-up by means of a randomized controlled clinical trial with simple blinding in the intervention group.

Discussion

This study will generate scientific evidence regarding the impact on quality indicators of a nursing intervention via presurgical and postsurgical consultations. In addition, it will allow us to decide the most appropriate follow-up strategy for this type of patient.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05179278, registration date 01/05/2022.

[Effectiveness of a nursing intervention on patient anxiety before transfusion of packed red blood cells]

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention regarding anxiety and satisfaction in patients requiring a red blood cell transfusion.

METHOD

Randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial in patients requiring a packed red blood cell transfusion.

SAMPLE SIZE

alpha=.05, beta=.10, to detect a 10% difference, 70 subjects in each group. The sampling recruitment was randomised to the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG).

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

an intervention protocol with oral and written information using a published guide on the safety, risks and benefits of haemotherapy for the IG, and an equivalent one on general health topics for the CG.

DEPENDENT VARIABLES

pre- and post-anxiety state; Spielberger's validated questionnaire: STAI. Satisfaction, by an ad hoc questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical variables: description, reason for transfusion, prescription knowledge, incidents, records.

RESULTS

There was a total of 144 subjects, 73 (50.69%) in the IG, and 71 (49.31%) in the CG. The mean age was 55.80 years, with 56.94% males, and a first transfusion in 52.08%. Comparability between the IG and the CG was tested and confirmed. The decrease in anxiety after the intervention for the IG was 19.99, compared to 25.48 in CG. The difference was greater than the proposed 10%, and was statistically significant. The preference for information was 98.60% in IG, compared to 43.70% in CG.

CONCLUSIONS

The hypothesis was confirmed; a protocolised nursing educational intervention protocol increased patient satisfaction with nursing care, and decreased patient anxiety, thus preventing complications and providing greater safety to the users.

[Effectiveness of pre-operative education in reducing anxiety in surgical patients]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured pre-operative interview conducted by operating room nurses in order to reduce the pre-operative anxiety of patients, and to determine the profile of patients who can benefit from it.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A randomised double-blind and prospective trial was conducted on a sample of 335 patients scheduled for surgery in two regional hospitals in the Basque Region of Spain, Alto Deba Hospital and Mendaro Hospital. We compared the alternative of using a structured briefing (test group) with the current situation without any formal intervention (control group). The effectiveness of the procedure was determined using the STAI state anxiety self-assessment questionnaire. The Chi-squared statistic was used to assess the differences in factors and the Student t-test for comparison of means in the continuous variables.

RESULTS

The impact of the intervention on measures of state anxiety and trait anxiety was found to be not statistically significant, although the mean state anxiety state was slightly lower in the intervention group (18.96) than in the controls (20.03). Women undergoing surgery in the specialty of gynaecology showed the higher state anxiety compared with other specialties. As regards trait anxiety a higher ASA level is associated with higher anxiety. Furthermore, the consumption of psychotropic drugs is also related to a higher level of trait anxiety.

CONCLUSION

The preoperative visit can be helpful when patients are selected according to specific characteristics: by type of anaesthesia, gender, or type of surgery. There may also be beneficial effects when preoperative education is tailored according to patient's anxiety risk. The time immediately before surgery may not be the best time for conducting the visit, as this may make the patients more anxious.

[Nursing educational intervention for the management of postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery]

OBJECTIVE

Evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention of perioperative nursing by providing graphic material for the management of postoperative pain in patients operated on for hernia in an Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU).

METHOD

A quasi-experimental (non-randomised) study, with a control group with patients undergoing hernia between July 2006 and June 2007 and an intervention group with patients treated between July 2007 and June 2008. Both groups were given the same training on the surgical and postoperative recommendations for perioperative nursing clinics. The intervention group was reinforced with the provision of information in graphic form. The data was collected using a questionnaire at admission and phone call within 24 hours postoperative. Pain measurement was made with the visual analogue scale / verbal numerical rating scale (VAS/VNRS).

RESULTS

A total 205 patients were included in the control group and 292 in the intervention group. In the bivariate analysis, the percentage of patients with VAS >3 was 23.9% for the control group and 15.1% for the intervention group. In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with postoperative pain were: low age, female sex, mobility and walking problems, and lack of knowledge about post-discharge home-care guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

Nursing educational intervention with the provision of graphic material, suggests that it may reduce the individual's perception of postoperative pain, decrease the percentage of patients with mobility and walking problems, and improve compliance and adherence to treatment.

[The concept of "patient type": utility for the care of surgical patients]

OBJECTIVE

To describe a model of surgical "patient type" by identifying the needs and characteristics of surgical patients.

METHOD

We performed a cross-sectional study of surgical patients with one or more diseases and similar needs and/or characteristics admitted to the surgical wards of a general hospital over a 10-month period. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic and clinical data, degree of autonomy, and Virginia Henderson's needs, which were identified through an interview performed in the postoperative period. Univariate analysis, stratified descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 270 medium- or low-complexity patients from different surgical specialties took part in the analysis. During the surgical process (pre- and post-operative), almost a half of the patients suffered from hypotension, heart rate showed no significant changes and the risk of developing a pressure ulcer was unmodified according to Norton's scale. The first statistical analysis classified the surgical patients into five groups and showed the relationship between the degree of autonomy (measured through Barthel's index) and the number of personal problems (assessed according to the Henderson model). A subsequent statistical analysis classified the patients into four groups or types, explaining 70% of the total variance.

CONCLUSIONS

Through the use of Virginia Henderson's model, a surgical patient type composed of four different groups was identified. The results of this study may be useful in the care of low- and medium-complexity patients in distinct surgical specialties.