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Baud D, Regan L, Greub G. Comparison of five commercial serological tests for the detection of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:669-75. [PMID: 20349260 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis-specific antibodies is valuable in investigating recurrent miscarriage, tubal infertility and extrauterine pregnancy. We compared here the performance of immunofluorescence (IF) to four other commercial tests in detecting IgG antibodies directed against C. trachomatis: two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as the antigen, commercialised respectively by Medac and R-Biopharm (RB), one ELISA using the chlamydial heat shock protein 60 (cHSP60) as the antigen (Medac), as well as a new automated epifluorescence immunoassay (InoDiag). A total of 405 patients with (n = 251) and without (n = 154) miscarriages were tested by all five tests. The prevalence of C. trachomatis-specific IgG antibodies as determined by the IF, cHSP60-Medac, MOMP-Medac, MOMP-RB and InoDiag was 14.3, 23.2, 14.3, 11.9 and 26.2%, respectively. InoDiag exhibited the highest sensitivity, whereas MOMP-RB showed the best specificity. Cross-reactivity was observed with C. pneumoniae using IF, MOMP-RB and InoDiag, and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae using the cHSP60 ELISA test. No cross-reactivity was observed between C. trachomatis and the other Chlamydiales (Neochlamydia hartmannellae, Waddlia chondrophila and Simkania negevensis). Given its high sensitivity, the new automated epifluorescence immunoassay from InoDiag represents an interesting alternative. The MOMP-based ELISA of R-Biopharm should be preferred for large serological studies, given the high throughput of ELISA and its excellent specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baud
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ferreri AJM, Dolcetti R, Magnino S, Doglioni C, Ponzoni M. Chlamydial infection: the link with ocular adnexal lymphomas. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2009; 6:658-69. [PMID: 19806147 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that grow in eukaryotic cells and cause a wide spectrum of diseases. They can establish persistent infections, are mitogenic in vitro, promote polyclonal cell proliferation in vivo and induce resistance to apoptosis in infected cells-properties that might contribute to tumorigenesis. In fact, Chlamydophila psittaci (Cp) has been linked to the development and maintenance of ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (OAMZL). In this indolent malignancy, Cp is transported by monocytes and macrophages and causes both local and systemic infection. Cp elementary bodies are viable and infectious in the conjunctiva and peripheral blood of patients with OAMZL. Bacterial eradication with antibiotic therapy is often followed by lymphoma regression. Despite recent advances in the understanding of this bacterium-lymphoma association, several questions remain unanswered. For instance, prevalence variations among different geographical areas and related diagnostic and therapeutic implications remain a major investigational issue. We will focus on clinical and therapeutic implications of chlamydial infections in patients with lymphomas and summarize the current knowledge on the association between Cp infection and OAMZL. Available data on the epidemiology, biology and pathogenesis of this association are analyzed and new investigative and clinical approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J M Ferreri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Pgp3 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a sensitive and specific assay for seroepidemiological analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:835-43. [PMID: 19357314 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00021-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the burden of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and its clinical sequelae is hampered by the absence of accurate, well-characterized tests using serological methods to determine past exposure to infection. An "in-house" immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the C. trachomatis-specific antigen Pgp3 was produced and evaluated against three commercial ELISAs derived from the major outer membrane protein: the Medac pELISA plus, the Savyon SeroCT-IgG ELISA, and the Ani Labsystems IgG enzyme immunoassay. Sensitivities and specificities were determined using sera from both male and female patients (n = 356) for whom C. trachomatis had been detected in the lower genital tract at least 1 month prior to the testing of the sample and from 722 Chlamydia-negative children aged 2 to 13 years. The Pgp3 ELISA was significantly more sensitive (57.9% [95% confidence interval {95% CI}, 52.7 to 62.9%]) than the Ani Labsystems (49.2% [95% CI, 44.0 to 54.3%]; P = 0.003), SeroCT (47.2% [95% CI, 42.1 to 52.4%]; P < 0.0005), and Medac (44.4% [95% CI, 39.3 to 49.6%]; P < 0.0005) ELISAs. The Pgp3, Ani Labsystems, and SeroCT assays, but not the Medac assay, had significantly higher sensitivity for female specimens than for male specimens (73.8 versus 44.2%, 59.8 versus 40.5%, 55.5 versus 40%, and 45.7 versus 43.7%, respectively). For female patients, the Pgp3 assay was 14.0% (95% CI, 5.5 to 22.5%) more sensitive than the next most sensitive ELISA, the Ani Labsystems assay (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in specificity between the Pgp3 (97.6% [95% CI, 96.2 to 98.6%]), Ani Labsystems (99% [95% CI, 97.7 to 99.6%]), SeroCT (97.2% [95% CI, 95.7 to 98.2%]), and Medac (96% [95% CI, 94.3 to 97.2%]) ELISAs. None of the ELISAs showed evidence of cross-reactivity with antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae.
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Variable association between Chlamydophila psittaci infection and ocular adnexal lymphomas: methodological biases or true geographical variations? Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:761-5. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32830b58c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Frikha-Gargouri O, Znazen A, Gdoura R, Gargouri B, Arab NB, Jemaa MB, Hammami A. Usefulness of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays species specific in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgG antibodies in patients with genital infections or respiratory tract infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 56:143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Machado ACS, Guimarães EMB, Sakurai E, Fioravante FCR, Amaral WN, Alves MFC. High titers of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in Brazilian women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2007; 2007:24816. [PMID: 17541464 PMCID: PMC1874668 DOI: 10.1155/2007/24816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum chlamydia antibody titers (CATs) in tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy and the associated risk factors. METHODS The study population consisted of 55 women wih tubal damage and 55 parous women. CAT was measured using the whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence test and cervical chlamydial DNA detected by PCR. Odds ratios were calculated to assess variables associated with C. trachomatis infection. RESULTS The prevalence of chlamydial antibodies and antibody titers in women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher (P < .01) than in parous women. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that chlamydia IgG antibodies were associated with tubal damage and with a larger number of lifetime sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS Chlamydia antibody titers were associated with tubal occlusion, prior ectopic pregnancy, and with sexual behavior, suggesting that a chlamydia infection was the major contributor to the tubal damage in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. S. Machado
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua Delenda Resende de Mello S/N, 74605-050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - E. M. B. Guimarães
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Setor Universitário, 74233-180 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - E. Sakurai
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Rua Juiz de Fora 801, 30180-060 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F. C. R. Fioravante
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua Delenda Resende de Mello S/N, 74605-050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - W. N. Amaral
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Setor Universitário, 74233-180 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - M. F. C. Alves
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua Delenda Resende de Mello S/N, 74605-050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Messmer TO, Martinez J, Hassouna F, Zell ER, Harris W, Dowell S, Carlone GM. Comparison of two commercial microimmunofluorescence kits and an enzyme immunoassay kit for detection of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 8:588-92. [PMID: 11329463 PMCID: PMC96106 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.3.588-592.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared the MRL and the Labsystems Chlamydia pneumoniae microimmunofluorescence (MIF) immunoglobulin G (IgG) kits and the Labsystems enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit in a blinded study of 83 serum samples in which we evaluated titers, cross-reactivity to other species, and reproducibility. There was no statistically significant difference between the MRL and the Labsystems MIF kits in the endpoint titers of IgG antibody to C. pneumoniae. The correlation between the results obtained with these two MIF kits was excellent (r = 0.95; P = 0.001). The cross-reactivity of the C. pneumoniae-positive sera with C. trachomatis- and C. psittaci-positive sera was assessed for each MIF kit. For C. pneumoniae-positive sera with titers of > or =32, the Labsystems MIF kit exhibited more cross-reactivity to C. psittaci than the MRL kit did. The values obtained with the Labsystems EIA kit represented single dilutions of serum specimens expressed as enzymeimmuno units on a continuous scale. The results obtained with the Labsystems EIA kit correlated moderately well with those obtained with each MIF kit when they were compared for their abilities to detect IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae (for the MRL MIF kit, r = 0.79 [P = 0.001]; for the Labsystems MIF kit, r = 0.78 [P = 0.001]). The results obtained with the commercial MRL and Labsystems MIF kits and the Labsystems EIA kit tested were reproducible; and the kits were standardized, had quality control reagents, and are suitable for detection of C. pneumoniae antibodies in serum and for use in interlaboratory studies. Validation of the use of these kits for clinical diagnosis still needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Messmer
- Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Bourgoin A, Venot C, Beby A, Giraudeau G, Korenian M, Pierron D, Agius G. Etude comparative d'un ELISA et de la micro-immunofluorescence pour le titrage des IgG et des IgA anti-Chlamydia trachomatis. Med Mal Infect 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(98)80050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Domeika K, Brade L, Mårdh PA, Brade H, Witkin SS, Domeika M. Characterization of serum antibody response to chlamydiae in patients with sexually acquired reactive arthritis. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1997; 19:191-202. [PMID: 9453389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1997.tb01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sera from patients with sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA) with antibodies reacting with C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae (group 1; n = 20) and also with C. psittaci (group 2; n = 19) were analyzed for antibody specificity. Sera from group 2 reacted significantly more often with C. trachomatis serotype E, H and K and had higher antibody titers to serotype E, as tested by microimmunofluorescence tests. Cross-reactivities occurring in microimmunofluorescence tests were related to the presence of antichlamydial lipopolysaccharide antibodies, adsorption of which by recombinant lipopolysaccharide removed microimmunofluorescence reactivity with C. psittaci antigen. In group 2, significantly more sera had antibodies to C. pneumoniae, remaining after lipopolysaccharide adsorption, as proved by adsorption with viable C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae organisms. None of the sera had antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, Sh. sonnei and Salmonella spp. It was observed that the frequency and titer of cross-reacting antibodies to chlamydial serotypes and species were related to the time period between the diagnosis of genital chlamydial infection and of SARA. Cross-reactivities were also related to the presence of lipopolysaccharide, but not heat shock protein 60- or neutralizing antibodies to chlamydiae. Antibody reactivity induced by antichlamydial lipopolysaccharide antibodies can be removed by lipopolysaccharide adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Domeika
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
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Freidank HM, Vögele H, Eckert K. Evaluation of a new commercial microimmunofluorescence test for detection of antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Chlamydia psittaci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16:685-8. [PMID: 9352264 DOI: 10.1007/bf01708561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new commercial test for chlamydial serology, the MRL-Micro-Immunofluorescent Test (MRL; MRL Diagnostics, USA) was compared with the standard microimmunofluorescence test (MIF) using sera from 246 patients. Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected in 46.3% (MIF) and 64.2% (MRL) of sera and Chlamydia trachomatis IgG in 23.2% (MIF) and 25.2% (MRL); Chlamydia psittaci IgG antibodies were found with the MRL in 1% of the sera from a general population and in 17.3% of preselected sera with elevated complement fixation titers. Titers were usually higher with the MRL. IgG titers of > or = 1:512 were detected in only 2% of sera using the standard MIF but in 30% using the MRL. In 16 sera from three Chlamydia pneumoniae culture-positive patients, the diagnosis of acute infection could be confirmed serologically in one with the MRL test but in none with the MIF test, indicating a higher sensitivity of the MRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Freidank
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Germany
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