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Experimental spectra, electronic properties (liquid and gaseous phases) and activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease of Fluphenazine dihydrochloride: DFT and MD simulations. J Mol Struct 2022; 1267:133633. [PMID: 35791370 PMCID: PMC9244788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Gaussian 09 DFT tool is used to investigate the formational electronic behaviour, reactivity analysis and biological properties of fluphenazine dihydrochloride (FDD). The quantum computation is used to determine the spectroscopic and vibrational assignments of FDD. The NBO method explains charge transfer and molecular interactions. Energy gap values are determined using FMO analysis in different solvents and toluene is a better solvent due to higher value of solvation energy. The UV-visible spectra are investigated in various solvents using the TD-DFT method. Electrostatic potential, the wave function related properties such as LOL, NCI and RDG are determined in gaseous phase. Furthermore, the drug likeness is analyzed. At last, a docking study with MD simulation is used to investigate FDD's antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
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Al-Otaibi JS, Sheena Mary Y, Shyma Mary Y, Acharjee N. Quantum Mechanical Investigation into the Adsorption Pattern of Clomipramine and Methotrimeprazine HCl with Graphene and Fullerene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2041678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nivedita Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Durgapur Government College, District-Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
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Sheena Mary Y, Shyma Mary Y. Adsorption of Phenothiazine Derivatives on Graphene – DFT, Docking and MD Simulation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1946570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Almuqrin AH, Al-Otaibi JS, Mary YS, Mary YS. DFT computational study towards investigating psychotropic drugs, promazine and trifluoperazine adsorption on graphene, fullerene and carbon cyclic ring nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119012. [PMID: 33039847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection and qualification process related to impurities assume importance in pharmacological drug development programmes and the present article gives the structural and spectral characterisation of phenothiazine derivatives, promazine (PME) and trifluoperazine (TPE) and their self-assembly with graphene/fullerene/carbon ring (CG/CF/CR) systems theoretically. The investigation of adsorption behaviour of these compounds can provide valuable information about its reactivity, electronic and structural properties. Three-dimensional electrostatic potential diagrams were mapped. The frontier orbital energies and energy band gaps of the molecules were computed. Delocalization of charge density between the bonding or lone pair and antibonding orbitals is calculated by NBO analysis. Docking was executed to investigate binding areas of chemical compounds. Bioactivity scores show that the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of the ligands are appropriate leading to be considered potential drug agents. The obtained theoretical wavenumber results of the present study were fully compatible with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawhara H Almuqrin
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamelah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Sheena Mary
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | - Y Shyma Mary
- Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam, Kerala, India
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Zheng ZY, Cui ML, Zhang LH, Jiang SL, Jiao L, Lin X, Lin SQ, Liu JM. Catalytic solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of residual perphenazine based on the electronic effect of rhodamine 6G. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:634-40. [PMID: 23023763 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The rhodamine 6G(+) -perphenazine (Rhod 6G(+) -PPH) compound is formed in the ester-exchange reaction between -OH of PPH and -COOC2 H5 of Rhod 6G(+) . PPH was oxidized to a red compound (PPH') in the presence of K2 S2 O8 . Interestingly, the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of Rhod 6G(+) was quenched because the -OH of PPH' reacted with -COOC2 H5 of Rhod 6G(+) -PPH to form Rhod 6G(+) -PPH' and PPH, which decreased the π-electron density (δ) of the carbon atom in the Rhod 6G(+) -PPH' conjugated system and enhanced the nonradiation energy loss of the excited Rhod 6G(+) of the triplet state. The PPH content was directly proportional to the ΔIp of the system. Thus, a new catalytic solid-substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) method was established for the determination of PPH. The method had high sensitivity (the limit of detection was 0.019 fg/spot, corresponding to a concentration of 4.8 × 10(-14) g/mL; the sampling quantity was 0.40 μL/spot), good selectivity, convenience and speed. The analytical results were in accordance with those of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of Rhod 6G(+) , PPH and Rhod 6G(+) -PPH were characterized by infrared spectra. The reaction mechanism by which PPH was determined is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Zhangzhou Normal College, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China; Department of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China
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Iwana S, Kawazoe T, Park HK, Tsuchiya K, Ono K, Yorita K, Sakai T, Kusumi T, Fukui K. Chlorpromazine oligomer is a potentially active substance that inhibits human D-amino acid oxidase, product of a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 23:901-11. [PMID: 18615285 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701745478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), a potential risk factor for schizophrenia, has been proposed to be involved in the decreased glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Here we show the inhibitory effect of an antipsychotic drug, chlorpromazine, on human DAO, which is consistent with previous reports using porcine DAO, although human DAO was inhibited to a lesser degree (K(i) = 0.7 mM) than porcine DAO. Since chlorpromazine is known to induce phototoxic or photoallergic reactions and also to be transformed into various metabolites, we examined the effects of white light-irradiated chlorpromazine on the enzymatic activity. Analytical methods including high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that irradiation triggered the oligomerization of chlorpromazine molecules. The oligomerized chlorpromazine showed a mixed type inhibition with inhibition constants of low micromolar range, indicative of enhanced inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that oligomerized chlorpromazine could act as an active substance that might contribute to the therapeutic effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Iwana
- The Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
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Karpińska J, Sokół A, Skoczylas M. An application of UV-derivative spectrophotometry and bivariate calibration algorithm for study of photostability of levomepromazine hydrochloride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:1562-1564. [PMID: 18672397 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Derivative spectrophotometry and bivariate calibration algorithm were used for study of run of photooxidation of levomepromazine hydrochloride (LV). The actual concentrations of LV and its main degradation product levomepromazine sulphoxide (LV-SO) were calculated using data provided by applied methods. The direct reading of absorbance values at 302 nm and 334 nm were employed for quantification of LV and LV-SO, respectively, in the case of bivariate method. The derivative spectrophotometric method is based on transformation of zero-order spectra into first derivative. The values of first derivative at 334 nm were used for quantification of LV while at 278 nm for assay of LV-SO. The obtained quantitative data were applied for investigation of kinetics of photodegradation of LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Karpińska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, ul. Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland
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Madej K, Kościelniak P. Review of Analytical Methods for Identification and Determination of PHEs and Tricyclic Antidepressants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701804343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tanaka E, Nakamura T, Terada M, Shinozuka T, Hashimoto C, Kurihara K, Honda K. Simple and simultaneous determination for 12 phenothiazines in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:116-20. [PMID: 17459789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of the 12 phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, perazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, profenamine, promethazine, propericiazine, thioproperazine, thioridazine and trifluoperazine) in human serum using HPLC/UV. The separation was achieved using a C(18) reversed-phase column (250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., particle size 5 microm, Inersil ODS-SP). The mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile-methanol-30 mM NaH(2)PO(4) (pH 5.6) (300:200:500, v/v/v), was delivered at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min and UV detection was carried out at 250 nm. The recoveries of the 12 phenothiazines spiked into serum samples were 87.6-99.8%. Regression equations for the 12 phenothiazines showed excellent linearity, with detection limits of 3.2-5.5 ng/mL for serum. The inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation for serum samples were commonly below 8.8%. The selectivity, accuracy and precision of this method are satisfactory for clinical and forensic purposes. This sensitive and selective method offers the opportunity for simultaneous screening and quantification of almost all phenothiazines available in Japan for the purposes of clinical and forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einosuke Tanaka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-8575, Japan.
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An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of phenothiazines in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry using backflush column switching. Forensic Toxicol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-007-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cutroneo P, Beljean M, Luu RPT, Siouffi AM. Optimization of the separation of some psychotropic drugs and their respective metabolites by liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:333-40. [PMID: 16406446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A chemometric procedure is described to optimize the separation of some drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders: haloperidol, levomepromazine, risperidone, venlafaxine, carbamazepine and their main metabolites: reduced haloperidol, 9-hydroxy risperidone, desmethyl levomepromazine, desmethyl venlafaxine. The purpose of the procedure is the unambiguous identification and detection in biological fluids. Isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode array detection was utilized. An experimental design methodology was carried out in which the experimental response is selectivity. In this way the designs for mixture compounds and for process variables (five variables) was performed which produced 36 experiments to carry out. The desirability function was used to select optimum separation conditions. The procedure provides a chromatogram of well separated solutes.
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Song Y, Li SL, Wu MH, Li HJ, Li P. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of iridoid glycosides in the flower buds of Lonicera species by capillary high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detector. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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