1
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Kathyola T, Chang SY, Willneff EA, Willis CJ, Cibin G, Wilson P, Kroner AB, Shotton EJ, Dowding PJ, Schroeder SL. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology: Reaction Studies for the Manufacture of Sulfonate-Stabilized Calcium Carbonate Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:16198-16206. [PMID: 37841415 PMCID: PMC10571072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Process analytical technologies are widely used to inform process control by identifying relationships between reagents and products. Here, we present a novel process analytical technology system for operando XAS on multiphase multicomponent synthesis processes based on the combination of a conventional lab-scale agitated reactor with a liquid-jet cell. The preparation of sulfonate-stabilized CaCO3 particles from polyphasic Ca(OH)2 dispersions was monitored in real time by Ca K-edge XAS to identify changes in Ca speciation in the bulk solution/dispersion as a function of time and process conditions. Linear combination fitting of the spectra quantitatively resolved composition changes from the initial conversion of Ca(OH)2 to the Ca(R-SO3)2 surfactant to the ultimate formation of nCaCO3·mCa(R- SO3)2 particles. The system provides a novel tool with strong chemical specificity for probing multiphase synthesis processes at a molecular level, providing an avenue to establishing the relationships between critical quality attributes of a process and the quality and performance of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thokozile
A. Kathyola
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Sin-Yuen Chang
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | | | - Colin J. Willis
- Infineum
UK Ltd., Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB, U.K.
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Paul Wilson
- Infineum
UK Ltd., Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB, U.K.
| | - Anna B. Kroner
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth J. Shotton
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Peter J. Dowding
- Infineum
UK Ltd., Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB, U.K.
| | - Sven L.M. Schroeder
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
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2
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Bakunin VN, Aleksanyan DR, Bakunina YN. Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs in Overbased Oil Additives and Greases. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Li Z, Ma S, Zhang G, Wang D, Zhou F. Soft/Hard-Coupled Amphiphilic Polymer Nanospheres for Water Lubrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9178-9187. [PMID: 29468880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer nanospheres of poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt- co-styrene) [P(SPMA- co-St)] were prepared by a simple soap-free emulsion polymerization method and used as efficient water lubrication additives to enhance the antiwear behaviors of the Ti6Al4V alloy. The monodisperse and flexible P(SPMA- co-St) bicomponent copolymer nanospheres were synthesized with a controllable manner by adjusting the mass fraction ratio of the monomers, with the hydrophobic polystyrene (PSt) as the hard skeletal carrier component and the hydrophilic PSPMA with a hydration layer structure as the soft lubrication layer in the course of friction. The influences of the monomer concentration, the copolymer nanosphere additive content, the load, and the frequency of the friction conditions on their tribological properties were studied in detail, and a probable antiwear mechanism of the soft/hard-coupled copolymer nanospheres under water lubrication was also proposed. The results show that compared with pure PSt, the P(SPMA- co-St) polymer nanospheres exhibited better antiwear property as an additive for water lubrication, and the friction coefficient and the wear volume first decreased and then increased with the increase of the SPMA content, indicating that the hydrophilic SPMA has a significant effect on lubrication properties owing to its hydration performance. Furthermore, with the increase of polymer nanosphere concentration, the friction coefficient and wear amount also decreased to a stable and low value at a saturation concentration of 1 wt %. The flexible polymer nanospheres with a hydrophilic soft SPMA shell and a rigid PSt core exhibited good friction-reduction and antiwear performance as lubrication additives, indicating their promising and potential applications in water lubrication and biological lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Ga Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials , Qingdao 266100 , China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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4
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Kang F, Wang D, Pu Y, Zeng XF, Wang JX, Chen JF. Efficient preparation of monodisperse CaCO3 nanoparticles as overbased nanodetergents in a high-gravity rotating packed bed reactor. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Oliver RC, Pingali SV, Urban VS. Designing Mixed Detergent Micelles for Uniform Neutron Contrast. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5041-5046. [PMID: 28960995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Micelle-forming detergents provide an amphipathic environment that mimics lipid bilayers and are important tools used to solubilize and stabilize membrane proteins in solution for in vitro structural investigations. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at the neutron contrast match point of detergent molecules allows observing the signal from membrane proteins unobstructed by contributions from the detergent. However, we show that even for a perfectly average-contrast matched detergent there arises significant core-shell scattering from the contrast difference between aliphatic detergent tails and hydrophilic head groups. This residual signal interferes with interpreting structural data of membrane proteins. This complication is often made worse by the presence of excess empty (protein-free) micelles. We present an approach for the rational design of mixed micelles containing a deuterated detergent analog, which eliminates neutron contrast between core and shell and allows the micelle scattering to be fully contrast-matched to unambiguously resolve membrane protein structure using solution SANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Oliver
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology and Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS 6475, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology and Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS 6475, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Volker S Urban
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology and Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS 6475, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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6
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Smith GN, Grillo I, Rogers SE, Eastoe J. Surfactants with colloids: Adsorption or absorption? J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Chen Z, Chen F, Chen D. Universal Phase Transformation Mechanism and Substituted Alkyl Length and Number Effect for the Preparation of Overbased Detergents Based on Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401415s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Du L, Wang Y, Wang K, Luo G. Preparation of Calcium Benzene Sulfonate Detergents by a Microdispersion Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4013425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Calcium carbonate phase transformations during the carbonation reaction of calcium heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate overbased nanodetergents preparation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 359:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Mamat X, He Z, Eli W. A Novel Method of Quantitative Carbon Dioxide for Synthesizing Magnesium Oleate (Linoleate, Isostearate, and Sulfonate) Detergents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200455z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- Changzhou Institute of Chemistry, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xamxikamar Mamat
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong He
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumanjiang Eli
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Tester CC, Brock RE, Wu CH, Krejci MR, Weigand S, Joester D. In vitro synthesis and stabilization of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles within liposomes. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Eli W, Zhang L, Cai G. Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Composite-Metal (Calcium and Magnesium) Oleate Detergent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie101835v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumanjiang Eli
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Letao Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Cai
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Wang Y, Eli W. Synthesis of Biodegradable High-Alkali Magnesium Oleate Detergent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumanjiang Eli
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Parenago OP, Kuz’mina GN, Bakunin VN, Oganesova EY. Nanosized structures in high-temperature oxidation of lubricating oil hydrocarbons. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036320906053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Lee SY, O'Sullivan M, Routh AF, Clarke SM. Thin water layers on CaCO3 particles dispersed in oil with added salts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3981-3984. [PMID: 19714824 DOI: 10.1021/la802616n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of the presence of thin water layers on calcium carbonate particles dispersed in cyclohexane using small-angle neutron scattering. We identify an adsorbed water layer and measure the thickness using contrast variation to optimize the sensitivity of the scattering to the water. We also report the variation in thickness of these water layers in the presence of salt solutions with the variation of salt concentration and valency. We conclude that thin water layers can be observed using SANS; however, the layers are thin and correspond to essentially the hydration of the particle surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, BP Institute, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Wang Y, Eli W, Nueraimaiti A, Liu Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyol Poly-12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid: Applications in Preparing Environmentally Friendly Overbased Calcium Oleate Detergent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8016016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumanjiang Eli
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ayixiamuguli Nueraimaiti
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Wang Y, Eli W, Liu Y, Long L. Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Calcium Oleate Detergent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumanjiang Eli
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Laizao Long
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China, and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Cunningham ID, Courtois JP, Danks TN, Heyes DM, Moreton DJ, Taylor SE. Evidence for a fragmentation mechanism during the formation of calcium carbonate organo-nano-particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Hudson LK, Eastoe J, Dowding PJ. Nanotechnology in action: overbased nanodetergents as lubricant oil additives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 123-126:425-31. [PMID: 16860284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and study of oil-soluble metal carbonate colloids are of interest in the area of lubricant additives. These surfactant-stabilised nanoparticles are important components in marine and automotive engine oils. Recently introduced, environmentally driven legislation has focused on lowering of gaseous emissions by placing limits on the levels of phosphorous sulphur and ash allowed in engine oil systems. These chemical limits, coupled with improved engine performance and extended oil drainage intervals, have lead to renewed interest in the production of stable, efficient nanodetergent systems. To date, this has resulted in modification of existing surfactant structures and development of new generations of surfactants. This review covers the current state of research in the area of nanodetergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Hudson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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20
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Fu J, Lu Y, Campbell CB, Papadopoulos KD. Acid Neutralization by Marine Cylinder Lubricants Inside a Heating Capillary: Strong/Weak-Stick Collision Mechanisms. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie051209u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Curt B. Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Kyriakos D. Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
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21
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Cunningham ID, Courtois JP, Danks TN, Heyes DM, Moreton DJ, Taylor SE. Synthesis and characterisation of calixarene-stabilised calcium carbonate overbased detergents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Bearchell C, Heyes D. Molecular modelling studies of calcium carbonate and its nanoparticles. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020290030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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