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Abstract
The extreme sensitivity of rheology to the microstructure of polymer melts has prompted the development of “analytical rheology,” which seeks inferring the structure and composition of an unknown sample based on rheological measurements. Typically, this involves the inversion of a model, which may be mathematical, computational, or completely empirical. Despite the imperfect state of existing models, analytical rheology remains a practically useful enterprise. I review its successes and failures in inferring the molecular weight distribution of linear polymers and the branching content in branched polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shanbhag
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Iyer BVS, Lele AK, Juvekar VA, Mashelkar RA. Self-Similar Dynamics of a Flexible Ring Polymer in a Fixed Obstacle Environment: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie900535v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji V. S. Iyer
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
| | - Ashish K. Lele
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
| | - Vinay A. Juvekar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
| | - Raghunath A. Mashelkar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
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4
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Noirez L, Baroni P, Mendil-Jakani H. The missing parameter in rheology: hidden solid-like correlations in viscous liquids, polymer melts and glass formers. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jing D, Ding J. Rheology of a polymer-based hybrid suspension composed of concentrated poly[(D,L-lactide)-co-glycolide] solution and inorganic salt particles. Macromol Biosci 2008; 7:1290-8. [PMID: 17724787 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Suspensions composed of a solution of a biodegradable polyester in a volatile organic solvent, and solid inorganic particles of size in the order of hundreds of microns have been very important in the fabrication of porous scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering. This article reports the basic rheological investigations of this complex fluid type. A Couette geometry covered by silicon oil was found to be an appropriate geometry to retain stability of the rheological measurements. Suspension viscosity increased with the particle volume fraction, and the extent of the increase was much larger than that predicted by the Einstein suspension equation. Both start-up dynamics at the inception of steady shear and relaxation after an abrupt change of oscillatory shear frequency in the suspension showed significantly different behaviors from those in the associated polymer solution. Particle reorganization upon change of rheological state was anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianying Jing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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van Ruymbeke E, Orfanou K, Kapnistos M, Iatrou H, Pitsikalis M, Hadjichristidis N, Lohse DJ, Vlassopoulos D. Entangled Dendritic Polymers and Beyond: Rheology of Symmetric Cayley-Tree Polymers and Macromolecular Self-Assemblies. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0706024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. van Ruymbeke
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - K. Orfanou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - M. Kapnistos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - H. Iatrou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - M. Pitsikalis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - N. Hadjichristidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - D. J. Lohse
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - D. Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; and Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
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Ezrahi S, Tuval E, Aserin A. Properties, main applications and perspectives of worm micelles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 128-130:77-102. [PMID: 17239810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review deals with one of the most remarkable forms of surfactant aggregates, described as having a flexible, elongated cylindrical shape. Three structural scale lengths are pertinent to the flexibility and mobility of worm micelles: the cross-sectional radius, r(cs), the overall (contour) length, L, and the persistence length, l(p). The diversity of l(p) values in amphiphilic systems is demonstrated as well as the relation between L and l(p). The review also discusses the viscoelasticity of worm micelles and the relaxation mechanisms underlying this dominant property. Many aspects of viscoelasticity--such as non-linearity, shear banding, flow-induced phase transition, rheochaos--are only shortly described. The prevailing application of worm micelles, namely as fracture fluids and drag reducing agents are discussed in detail, stressing the effect of variations in the surfactant molecular structure on the efficacy of worm micelles. The vague possibility of using "smart" worm micelles in the foreseeable future is tersely outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ezrahi
- Materials and Chemistry Department, R and D and Project Management Unit, IDF, Israel
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Pathak JA, Hudson SD. Rheo-optics of Equilibrium Polymer Solutions: Wormlike Micelles in Elongational Flow in a Microfluidic Cross-Slot. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061355r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jai A. Pathak
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542
| | - Steven D. Hudson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542
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van Ruymbeke E, Bailly C, Keunings R, Vlassopoulos D. A General Methodology to Predict the Linear Rheology of Branched Polymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0604385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. van Ruymbeke
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Unite de Physique et Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, CESAME, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - C. Bailly
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Unite de Physique et Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, CESAME, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - R. Keunings
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Unite de Physique et Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, CESAME, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - D. Vlassopoulos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Unite de Physique et Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, CESAME, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Evaluation of different methods for the determination of the plateau modulus and the entanglement molecular weight. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vlassopoulos D. Commentary on the observations of solid-like rheological response in unentangled polymer melts by H. Mendil, P. Baroni, L. Noirez, D. Collin, P. Martinoty. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2006; 19:113-7. [PMID: 16416247 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2006-00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Vlassopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, USA.
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Kapnistos M, Vlassopoulos D, Roovers J, Leal LG. Linear Rheology of Architecturally Complex Macromolecules: Comb Polymers with Linear Backbones. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kapnistos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - D. Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - J. Roovers
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - L. G. Leal
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas (FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
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Kröger M, Ramı́rez J, Christian Öttinger H. Projection from an atomistic chain contour to its primitive path. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cormier RJ, Kilfoil ML, Callaghan PT. Biaxial deformation of a polymer under shear: NMR test of the Doi-Edwards model with convected constraint release. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:051809. [PMID: 11735960 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.051809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2001] [Revised: 08/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
2H NMR quadrupole interaction spectroscopy has been used to measure the deformation of a 670 kD poly(dimethylsiloxane) melt under shear in a Couette cell. The signals were acquired from a per deuterated benzene probe molecule which provides a motionally averaged sampling of the entire segmental ensemble. We have measured the dependence on shear rate of the S(XX) (velocity), S(YY) (velocity gradient), S(ZZ) (vorticity), and S(XY) (shear) elements of the segmental alignment tensor, as well as the angular dependence of the deuterium quadrupole splitting at fixed shear rate. We show that the data agree quite well with the Doi-Edwards theory but significantly better when convected constraint release effects are included. These fits return a value for the tube disengagement time of 100 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Cormier
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences-Physics, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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