1
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Uba AI, Bui-Linh C, Thornton JM, Olivieri M, Wu C. Computational analysis of drug resistance of taxanes bound to human β-tubulin mutant (D26E). J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108503. [PMID: 37209440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The single-point mutation D26E in human β-tubulin is associated with drug resistance seen with two anti-mitotic taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) when used to treat cancers. The molecular mechanism of this resistance remains elusive. However, docetaxel and a third-generation taxane, cabazitaxel, are thought to overcome this resistance. Here, structural models of both the wildtype (WT) and D26E mutant (MT) human β-tubulin were constructed based on the crystal structure of pig β-tubulin in complex with docetaxel (PDB ID: 1TUB). The three taxanes were docked into the WT and MT β-tubulin, and the resulting complexes were submitted to three independent runs of 200 ns molecular dynamic simulations, which were then averaged. MM/GBSA calculations revealed the binding energy of paclitaxel with WT and MT β-Tubulin to be -101.5 ± 8.4 and -90.4 ± 8.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energy of docetaxel was estimated to be -104.7 ± 7.0 kcal/mol with the WT and -103.8 ± 5.5 kcal/mol with the MT β-tubulin. Interestingly, cabazitaxel was found to have a binding energy of -122.8 ± 10.8 kcal/mol against the WT and -106.2 ± 7.0 kcal/mol against the MT β-tubulin. These results show that paclitaxel and docetaxel bound to the MT less strongly than the WT, suggesting possible drug resistance. Similarly, cabazitaxel displayed a greater binding propensity against WT and MT β-tubulin than the other two taxanes. Furthermore, the dynamic cross-correlation matrices (DCCM) analysis suggests that the single-point mutation D26E induces a subtle dynamical difference in the ligand-binding domain. Overall, the present study revealed how the single-point mutation D26E may reduce the binding affinity of the taxanes, however, the effect of the mutation does not significantly affect the binding of cabazitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul AREL University, 34537, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Candice Bui-Linh
- College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Julianne M Thornton
- College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Michael Olivieri
- College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Chun Wu
- College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
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2
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Drugs That Changed Society: Microtubule-Targeting Agents Belonging to Taxanoids, Macrolides and Non-Ribosomal Peptides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175648. [PMID: 36080414 PMCID: PMC9457747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During a screening performed by the National Cancer Institute in the 1960s, the terpenoid paclitaxel was discovered. Paclitaxel expanded the treatment options for breast, lung, prostate and ovarian cancer. Paclitaxel is only present in minute amounts in the bark of Taxia brevifolia. A sustainable supply was ensured with a culture developed from Taxus chinensis, or with semi-synthesis from other taxanes. Paclitaxel is marketed under the name Taxol. An intermediate from the semi-synthesis docetaxel is also used as a drug and marketed as Taxotere. O-Methylated docetaxel is used for treatment of some paclitaxel-resistant cancer forms as cabazitaxel. The solubility problems of paclitaxel have been overcome by formulation of a nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (NAB-paclitaxel, Abraxane). The mechanism of action is affinity towards microtubules, which prevents proliferation and consequently the drug would be expected primarily to be active towards cancer cells proliferating faster than benign cells. The activity against slowly growing tumors such as solid tumors suggests that other effects such as oncogenic signaling or cellular trafficking are involved. In addition to terpenoids, recently discovered microtubule-targeting polyketide macrolides and non-ribosomal peptides have been discovered and marketed as drugs. The revolutionary improvements for treatment of cancer diseases targeting microtubules have led to an intensive search for other compounds with the same target. Several polyketide macrolides, terpenoids and non-ribosomal peptides have been investigated and a few marketed.
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Guo XM, Yadav MB, Khan M, Hao CW, Lin CY, Huang T, Wu J, Fan BM, Bian ZX. Bradykinin-Potentiating Peptide-Paclitaxel Conjugate Directed at Ectopically Expressed Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17051-17062. [PMID: 34699215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. Here, we present a peptide-drug conjugate (PDC)-bradykinin-potentiating peptide-paclitaxel (BPP-PTX) conjugate-synthesized by conjugating BPP9a with PTX via a succinyl linker. BPP-PTX targets the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) on TNBC cells. ACE was found to be ectopically expressed in two TNBC cell lines but was absent in both the receptor-positive breast cancer cell line and healthy kidney cell line. Overexpression, knockdown, and competitive inhibition experiments demonstrated ACE-mediated cytotoxicity of BPP-PTX. In vivo, ACE-positive tumors were enriched with BPP-PTX, with the PDC being better tolerated than plain PTX. Compared with plain PTX, BPP-PTX exhibited improved tumor-suppressive effects in MDA-MB-468 xenografted female nude mice. Meanwhile, BPP-PTX resulted in less body weight loss and white blood cell reduction toxicity. These results collectively imply the novelty, efficacy, and low-toxicity profile of BPP-PTX as a potential therapeutic for ACE-positive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ming Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Maruti Balaso Yadav
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Mahjabin Khan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Wei Hao
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.,YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Min Fan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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Zhao W, Chen Z, Guan M. Polydatin enhances the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to paclitaxel. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17481-17490. [PMID: 31106479 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Zonghan Chen
- Office of Educational Administration Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Meng Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan China
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Hanif A, Sardar A, Alazmi M, Tariq H, Emwas A, Gao X, Chotana GA, Zaib Saleem RS. A Novel One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction for Rapid Access of Arylidene 2‐Aminoimidazolone Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aansa Hanif
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Sciences and EngineeringLahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Aniqa Sardar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Sciences and EngineeringLahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955–6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Haniya Tariq
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Sciences and EngineeringLahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Abdul‐Hamid Emwas
- Core LabsKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955–6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955–6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghayoor Abbas Chotana
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Sciences and EngineeringLahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Sciences and EngineeringLahore University of Management Sciences, Opposite Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792 Pakistan
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Zhang M, Tang Y, Zhu Z, Zhao H, Yao J, Sun D. Paclitaxel and etoposide-loaded Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres fabricated by coaxial electrospraying for dual drug delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1949-1963. [PMID: 29920151 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1485816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated paclitaxel (PTX) and etoposide (ETP) loaded Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres with core-shell structures and particle sizes ranging from 1 to 4 µm by coaxial electrospraying. The microspheres were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The drug loading rate and entrapment efficiency of the microspheres were detected by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Moreover, the drug release profiles and degradation of drug-loaded PLGA microspheres in vitro were investigated, respectively. The distinct layered structure that existed in the manufactured core-shell microspheres can be observed by TEM. The in vitro release profiles indicated that the PLGA/PTX + ETP (PLGA/PE) microspheres exhibited the controlled release of two drugs in a sequential manner. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the toxic and side effects of the microspheres on bone tumor cells. PTX and ETP for combination drug therapy loaded microspheres had more cytotoxic effect on saos-2 osteosarcoma cells than the individual drugs. In conclusion, core-shell PLGA microspheres by electrospraying for combination drug therapy is promising for medicine applications, the PLGA/PE microspheres have some potential for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- a Alan G. MacDiarmid Laboratory, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yajun Tang
- a Alan G. MacDiarmid Laboratory, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- b Norman Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - He Zhao
- a Alan G. MacDiarmid Laboratory, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jihang Yao
- b Norman Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Dahui Sun
- b Norman Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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7
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Wu ST, Fowler AJ, Garmon CB, Fessler AB, Ogle JD, Grover KR, Allen BC, Williams CD, Zhou R, Yazdanifar M, Ogle CA, Mukherjee P. Treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with tumor antigen specific-targeted delivery of paclitaxel loaded PLGA nanoparticles. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:457. [PMID: 29685122 PMCID: PMC5914049 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains the most aggressive cancers with a 5-year survival below 10%. Systemic delivery of chemotherapy drugs has severe side effects in patients with PDA and does not significantly improve overall survival rate. It is highly desirable to advance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by targeting their delivery and increasing accumulation at the tumor site. MUC1 is a membrane-tethered glycoprotein that is aberrantly overexpressed in > 80% of PDA thus making it an attractive antigenic target. METHODS Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) conjugated to a tumor specific MUC1 antibody, TAB004, was used as a nanocarrier for targeted delivery into human PDA cell lines in vitro and in PDA tumors in vivo. The PLGA NPs were loaded with fluorescent imaging agents, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Nile Red (NR) or isocyanine green (ICG) for in vitro and in vivo imaging respectively or with a chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel (PTX) for in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize internalization of the nanocarrier in vitro in PDA cells with high and low MUC1 expression. The in vivo imaging system (IVIS) was used to visualize in vivo tumor targeting of the nanocarrier. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay was used to determine in vitro cell survival of cells treated with PTX-loaded nanocarrier. One-sided t-test comparing treatment groups at each concentration and two-way ANOVAs comparing internalization of antibody and PLGA nanoparticles. RESULTS In vitro, TAB004-conjugated ICG-nanocarriers were significantly better at internalizing in PDA cells than its non-conjugated counterpart. Similarly, TAB004-conjugated PTX-nanocarriers were significantly more cytotoxic in vitro against PDA cells than its non-conjugated counterpart. In vivo, TAB004-conjugated ICG-nanocarriers showed increased accumulation in the PDA tumor compared to the non-conjugated nanocarrier while sparing normal organs. CONCLUSIONS The study provides promising data for future development of a novel MUC1-targeted nanocarrier for direct delivery of imaging agents or drugs into the tumor microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Liberation
- Endocytosis
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mucin-1/immunology
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/ultrastructure
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-ta Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Anthony J. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Corey B. Garmon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Adam B. Fessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Joshua D. Ogle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Kajal R. Grover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Bailey C. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Chandra D. Williams
- Department of Animal Laboratory Resources, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Craig A. Ogle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
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8
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Duan R, Li C, Wang F, Yangi JC. Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles-based paclitaxel and etoposide combinations for the synergistic anticancer efficacy in osteosarcoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:880-887. [PMID: 28892872 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, paclitaxel and etoposide-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (PE-LPN) was successful prepared and evaluated for physicochemical and anticancer effect. Nanosized PE-LPN was obtained with a perfect spherical morphology. PE-LPN exhibited a controlled release of two drugs in a sequential manner. The nanoparticles exhibited a typical endocytosis-mediated cellular uptake in cancer cells. The ratiometric combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and etoposide (ETP) were significantly more cytotoxic than individual drugs. Importantly, superior cytotoxic effect was observed for dual-drug-loaded PE-LPN than cocktail combination at a much lower dose. Similarly, PE-LPN exhibited a significantly higher apoptosis of cancer cells (∼45%) compared to that of any other groups with higher caspase-3 and -8 activity. Importantly, PE-LPN showed a remarkable tumor regression effect and exhibited a 2-fold superior efficacy than free drugs. PE-LPN treated group showed significantly less Ki-67 positive cells (less than 25%) than PTX/ETP and single drug treated groups, suggesting less active cell proliferation and a considerably higher tumor growth inhibition effect. The results collectively showed that combination of drugs could greatly improve the therapeutic property of chemotherapeutic drugs. By combining ETP with PTX (a powerful anticancer drug) in a polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle system, therapeutic efficacy could be improved in osteosarcoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| | - Caiyan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China.
| | - Jin-Chu Yangi
- Department of Hand Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Henan, 471002, China
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9
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Jun YJ, Park JH, Avaji PG, Park KS, Lee KE, Lee HJ, Sohn YS. Design of theranostic nanomedicine (II): synthesis and physicochemical properties of a biocompatible polyphosphazene-docetaxel conjugate. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5373-5386. [PMID: 28794629 PMCID: PMC5538706 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To prepare an efficient theranostic polyphosphazene–docetaxel (DTX) conjugate, a new drug delivery system was designed by grafting a multifunctional lysine ethylester (LysOEt) as a spacer group along with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) to the polyphosphazene backbone ([NP]n), and then DTX was conjugated to the carrier polymer using acid-cleavable cis-aconitic acid (AA) as a linker. The resultant polyphosphazene–DTX conjugate, formulated as [NP(MPEG550)3(Lys-OEt)(AA)(DTX)]n and named “Polytaxel”, exhibited high water solubility and stability by forming stable polymeric micelles as shown in its transmission electron microscopy image and dynamic light scattering measurements. Another important aspect of Polytaxel is that it can easily be labeled with various imaging agents using the lysine amino group, enabling studies on various aspects, such as its organ distribution, tumor-targeting properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and excretion. The pharmacokinetics of Polytaxel was remarkably improved, with prolonged elimination half-life and enhanced area under the curve. Ex vivo imaging study of cyanine dye-labeled Polytaxel showed that intravenously injected Polytaxel is long circulating in the blood stream and selectively accumulates in tumor tissues. Polytaxel distributed in other organs was cleared from all major organs at ~6 weeks after injection. The in vitro study of DTX release from the carrier polymer showed that >95% of conjugated DTX was released at pH 5.4 over a period of 7 days. Xenograft trials of Polytaxel using nude mice against the human gastric tumor cell line MKN-28 showed complete tumor regression, with low systemic toxicity. Polytaxel is currently in preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Jun
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash G Avaji
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Sohn
- C & Pharm, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Enzymatic synthesis of lactosylated and sialylated derivatives of epothilone A. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:137-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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McMicken B, Parker JE, Thomas RJ, Brancaleon L. Resonance Raman and vibrational mode analysis used to predict ligand geometry for docking simulations of a water soluble porphyrin and tubulin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:1998-2010. [PMID: 26431467 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modify the conformation of a protein by controlled partial unfolding may have practical applications such as inhibiting its function or providing non-native photosensitive properties. A water-soluble porphyrin, meso-tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP), non-covalently bound to tubulin can be used as a photosensitizer, which upon irradiation can lead to conformational changes of the protein. To fully understand the mechanism responsible for this partial unfolding and determine the amino acid residues and atoms involved, it is essential to find the most likely binding location and the configuration of the ligand and protein. Techniques typically used to analyze atomic position details, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography, require large concentrations, which are incompatible with the dilute conditions required in experiments for photoinduced mechanisms. Instead, we develop an atomistic description of the TSPP-tubulin complex using vibrational mode analysis from density functional theory calculations correlated to resonance Raman spectra of the porphyrin paired with docking simulations. Changes in the Raman peaks of the porphyrin molecule correlate with changes in its structural vibrational modes when bound to tubulin. The data allow us to construct the relative geometry of the porphyrin when bound to protein, which are then used with docking simulations to find the most likely configuration of the TSPP-tubulin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady McMicken
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX 78249 , USA.,c Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 , USA
| | - James E Parker
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX 78249 , USA.,b General Dynamics Information Technology , JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 , USA
| | - Robert J Thomas
- c Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 , USA
| | - Lorenzo Brancaleon
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX 78249 , USA
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12
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Singh A, Thakur NL. Significance of investigating allelopathic interactions of marine organisms in the discovery and development of cytotoxic compounds. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 243:135-47. [PMID: 26362501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Marine sessile organisms often inhabit rocky substrata, which are crowded by other sessile organisms. They acquire living space via growth interactions and/or by allelopathy. They are known to secrete toxic compounds having multiple roles. These compounds have been explored for their possible applications in cancer chemotherapy, because of their ability to kill rapidly dividing cells of competitor organisms. As compared to the therapeutic applications of these compounds, their possible ecological role in competition for space has received little attention. To select the potential candidate organisms for the isolation of lead cytotoxic molecules, it is important to understand their chemical ecology with special emphasis on their allelopathic interactions with their competitors. Knowledge of the ecological role of allelopathic compounds will contribute significantly to an understanding of their natural variability and help us to plan effective and sustainable wild harvests to obtain novel cytotoxic chemicals. This review highlights the significance of studying allelopathic interactions of marine invertebrates in the discovery of cytotoxic compounds, by selecting sponge as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Narsinh L Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
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13
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Zagouri F, Sergentanis TN, Chrysikos D, Dimopoulos MA, Bamias A. Epothilones in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer: a systematic review. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2187-98. [PMID: 26316786 PMCID: PMC4550178 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s77342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy; consequently, there is a need for effective therapies. Epothilones are microtubule-stabilizing agents that inhibit cell growth. Currently, patupilone and its four synthetic derivatives ixabepilone, BMS-310705, sagopilone, 20-desmethyl-20-methylsulfanyl epothilone B and epothilone D, as well as its derivative KOS-1584, are under clinical evaluation. This is the first systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines that synthesizes all available data emerging from trials and evaluates the efficacy and safety of epothilones in epithelial ovarian, primary fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer. Despite the fact that epothilones have proven active in taxane-resistant settings in preclinical models, it is not yet clear from Phase II/III studies reviewed here that their clinical activity is superior to that of taxanes. Nevertheless, responses to epothilones have been observed in platinum-refractory/resistant ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, despite the shared mechanism of action of epothilones, their clinical profile seems clearly different, with diarrhea being the most common dose-limiting toxicity encountered with patupilone, whereas neutropenia and sensory neuropathy are the most common toxic effects observed with the other epothilones. In any case, randomized trials comparing epothilones with standard treatments seem warranted to define further the role of these agents, whereas biomarker analysis might further optimize patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- First Propaedeutic Surgical Department, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chrysikos
- First Propaedeutic Surgical Department, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aristotle Bamias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wang B, Yu XC, Xu SF, Xu M. Paclitaxel and etoposide co-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the effective combination therapy against human osteosarcoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:22. [PMID: 25880868 PMCID: PMC4377179 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with different pharmacological action has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancers. Present study examines the antitumor potential of paclitaxel (PTX) and etoposide (ETP)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of osteosarcoma. RESULTS The resulting drug-loaded PLGA NP exhibited a nanosize dimension with uniform spherical morphology. The NP exhibited a sustained release profile for both PTX and ETP throughout the study period without any sign of initial burst release. The combinational drug-loaded PLGA NP enhanced the cytotoxic effect in MG63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell lines, in comparison to either native drug alone or in cocktail combinations. Additionally, NPs showed an appreciable uptake in MG63 cells in a time-based manner. Co-delivery of anticancer drugs resulted in enhanced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. The results clearly showed that combinational drugs remarkably improved the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic drugs. The greater inhibitory effect of nanoparticle combination would be of great advantage during systemic cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study demonstrated that PTX-ETP/PLGA NP based combination therapy holds significant potential towards the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopeadic, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, No. 25 Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Xiu-Chun Yu
- Department of Orthopeadic, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, No. 25 Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Song-Feng Xu
- Department of Orthopeadic, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, No. 25 Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Orthopeadic, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, No. 25 Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
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15
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Discodermolide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100023-6.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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16
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Chae SW, Jun YJ, Cui JX, Park JH, Lee HJ, Sohn YS. Preclinical evaluation of efficacy and stability of docetaxel micelle-encapsulated by a tripodal cyclotriphosphazene amphiphile. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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17
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Parajuli P, Pandey RP, Koirala N, Yoon YJ, Kim BG, Sohng JK. Enzymatic synthesis of epothilone A glycosides. AMB Express 2014; 4:31. [PMID: 24949266 PMCID: PMC4052672 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epothilones are extremely cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents with epoxide, thiazole, and ketone groups that share equipotent kinetic similarity with taxol. The in vitro glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis generated six novel epothilone A glycoside analouges including epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-D-galactoside, epothilone A 3,7-O-β-D-digalactoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-L-rhamnoside, and epothilone A 7-O-β-L-fucoside. Epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside was structurally elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) conjugated with high resolution quantitative time-of-flight-electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-QTOF ESI-MS/MS) supported by one-and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies whereas other epothilone A glycosides were characterized by UPLC-PDA and HR-QTOF ESI-MS/MS analyses. The time dependent conversion study of epothilone A to epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside found to be maximum (~26%) between 3 h to 5 h incubation.
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18
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Shi J, Chen X, Gu Y, Hu X, Zhang L, Li Y, Cai C, Tang X. Preformulation and development of chemically stable lipid emulsions containing a novel taxane derivative, TM-2. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Shi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yuechen Gu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xi Hu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
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19
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English DP, Roque DM, Santin AD. Class III b-tubulin overexpression in gynecologic tumors: implications for the choice of microtubule targeted agents? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:63-74. [DOI: 10.1586/era.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Abstract
This article provides an overview on the chemistry and structure-activity relationships of macrolide-based microtubule-stabilizing agents. The primary focus will be on the total synthesis or examples thereof, but a brief summary of the current state of knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of epothilones, laulimalide, dictyostatin, and peloruside A will also be given. This macrolide class of compounds, over the last decade, has become the subject of growing interest due to their ability to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation through a taxol-like mechanism of action.
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Analogue-based drug discovery: Contributions to medicinal chemistry principles and drug design strategies. Microtubule stabilizers as a case in point (Special Topic Article). PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-02-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of utilizing marketed drugs as starting points to discover new therapeutic agents have been well documented within the IUPAC series of books that bear the title Analogue-based Drug Discovery (ABDD). Not as clearly demonstrated, however, is that ABDD also contributes to the elaboration of new basic principles and alternative drug design strategies that are useful to the field of medicinal chemistry in general. After reviewing the ABDD programs that have evolved around the area of microtubule-stabilizing chemo-therapeutic agents, the present article delineates the associated research activities that additionally contributed to general strategies that can be useful for prodrug design, identifying pharmacophores, circumventing multidrug resistance (MDR), and achieving targeted drug distribution.
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Amos LA. What tubulin drugs tell us about microtubule structure and dynamics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:916-26. [PMID: 22001382 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of small molecules, including alkaloids, macrolides and peptides, bind to tubulin and disturb microtubule assembly dynamics. Some agents inhibit assembly, others inhibit disassembly. The binding sites of drugs that stabilize microtubules are discussed in relation to the properties of microtubule associated proteins. The activities of assembly inhibitors are discussed in relation to different nucleotide states of tubulin family protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Amos
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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24
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Wang YF, Shi QW, Dong M, Kiyota H, Gu YC, Cong B. Natural Taxanes: Developments Since 1828. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7652-709. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100147u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Bin Cong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
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25
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de Lemos E, Agouridas E, Sorin G, Guerreiro A, Commerçon A, Pancrazi A, Betzer JF, Lannou MI, Ardisson J. Conception, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Original Discodermolide Analogues. Chemistry 2011; 17:10123-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Zang Q, Gulab S, Stocker BL, Baars S, Hoberg JO. Synthesis of an Acyclic C1-C11 Fragment of Peloruside B. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Mugabe C, Liggins RT, Guan D, Manisali I, Chafeeva I, Brooks DE, Heller M, Jackson JK, Burt HM. Development and in vitro characterization of paclitaxel and docetaxel loaded into hydrophobically derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerols. Int J Pharm 2010; 404:238-49. [PMID: 21093563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the development and in vitro characterization of paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) loaded into hydrophobically derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs). Several HPGs derivatized with hydrophobic groups (C(8/10) alkyl chains) (HPG-C(8/10)-OH) and/or methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG) chains (HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG) were synthesized. PTX or DTX were loaded into these polymers by a solvent evaporation method and the resulting nanoparticle formulations were characterized in terms of size, drug loading, stability, release profiles, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake. PTX and DTX were found to be chemically unstable in unpurified HPGs and large fractions (∼80%) of the drugs were degraded during the preparation of the formulations. However, both PTX and DTX were found to be chemically stable in purified HPGs. HPGs possessed hydrodynamic radii of less than 10nm and incorporation of PTX or DTX did not affect their size. The release profiles for both PTX and DTX from HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG nanoparticles were characterized by a continuous controlled release with little or no burst phase of release. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluations of PTX and DTX formulations demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation in KU7 cell line. Cellular uptake studies of rhodamine-labeled HPG (HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(13)-TMRCA) showed that these nanoparticles were rapidly taken up into cells, and reside in the cytoplasm without entering the nuclear compartment and were highly biocompatible with the KU7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mugabe
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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De Geest K, Blessing JA, Morris RT, Yamada SD, Monk BJ, Zweizig SL, Matei D, Muller CY, Richards WE. Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone in patients with recurrent or persistent platinum- and taxane-resistant ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 2009; 28:149-53. [PMID: 19917861 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) is a microtubule-stabilizing epothilone B analog with activity in taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. The Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted a phase II evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ixabepilone in patients with recurrent or persistent platinum- and taxane-resistant primary ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with measurable platinum- and taxane-resistant ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma, defined as progression during or within 6 months of one prior course of treatment with each agent, received intravenous ixabepilone 20 mg/m(2) administered over 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Results Of 51 patients entered, 49 were eligible. The objective response rate was 14.3% (95% CI, 5.9% to 27.2%), with three complete and four partial responses. Twenty patients (40.8%) had stable disease, whereas sixteen (32.7%) had increasing disease. The median time to progression was 4.4 months (95% CI, 0.8 to 32.6+ months); median survival was 14.8 months (95% CI, 0.8 to 50.0) months. Patients received a median of two treatment cycles (range, 1 to 29 cycles), and 18.4% of patients received > or = six cycles. Adverse effects included peripheral grade 2 (28.5%) and grade 3 (6.1%) neuropathy, grades 3 to 4 neutropenia (20.4%), grade 3 fatigue (14.3%), grade 3 nausea/emesis (22%), grade 3 diarrhea (10%), and grade 3 mucositis (4%). CONCLUSION Ixabepilone 20 mg/m(2) over 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle demonstrates antitumor activity and acceptable safety in patients with platinum- and taxane-resistant recurrent or persistent ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen De Geest
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, Suite 4630 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Valdez R, Johnson EM, Belcher JA, Fuini JF, Brancaleon L. Porphyrins affect the self-assembly of tubulin in solution. Biophys Chem 2009; 145:98-104. [PMID: 19819610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of tubulin heterodimers in solution has been studied in the past to predict the effects that ligands and/or conformational changes have on the formation of tubulin filaments. Self-assembly of tubulin in solution has produced formations similar to cellular microtubules (MTs). The present study reports on the effects that two porphyrins (protoporphyrin IX, PPIX and tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, TPPS) produce on the self-assembly of tubulin alpha,beta-heterodimers in buffer solution. The study shows that, when incubated simultaneously with MT-stabilizing ligands (i.e., paclitaxel and guanosine triphosphate, GTP), porphyrins do not affect the ability of tubulin to form MT. However, if paclitaxel and GTP are added after tubulin has been allowed to self-assemble in the presence of either porphyrin, the ability to form MT-like structures is reduced or suppressed. We suggest that this effect is due to the formation of porphyrin-mediated aggregates that cannot be broken or elongated by the addition of GTP or paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Valdez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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30
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Hansch C, Verma RP. Overcoming tumor drug resistance with C2-modified 10-deacetyl-7-propionyl cephalomannines: a QSAR study. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:849-60. [PMID: 19334723 DOI: 10.1021/mp800138w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule-stabilizing taxanes such as paclitaxel and docetaxel are the two most important anticancer drugs currently used in clinics for the treatment of various types of cancers. However, the major common drawbacks of these two drugs are drug resistance, neurotoxicity, substrate for drug transporter P-gp, cross-resistance with other chemotherapeutic agents, low oral bioavailability, and no penetration in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These limitations have led to the search for new taxane derivatives with improved biological activity. In the present paper, we discuss the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies on a series of C2-modified 10-deacetyl-7-propionyl cephalomannines (IV) with respect to their binding affinities toward beta-tubulin and cytotoxic activities against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells, in which resistance is mediated through either P-gp overexpression or beta-tubulin mutation mechanisms, by the formulation of five QSARs. Hydrophobicity and molar refractivity of the substituents (pi(X) and MR(X)) are found to be the most important determinants for the activity. Parabolic correlations in terms of MR(X) (eqs 2 and 4 ) are encouraging examples in which the optimum values of MR(X) are well-defined. We believe that these two QSAR models may prove to be adequate predictive models that can help to provide guidance in design and synthesis, and subsequently yield very specific cephalomannine derivatives (IV) that may have high biological activities. On the basis of these two QSAR models, 10 cephalomannine analogues (IV-21 to IV-30) are suggested as potential synthetic targets. Internal (cross-validation (q(2)), quality factor (Q), Fischer statistics (F), and Y-randomization) and external validation tests have validated all the QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin Hansch
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
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31
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Zhao Y, Fang WS, Pors K. Microtubule stabilising agents for cancer chemotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:607-22. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770902775713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Salum L, Dias L, Andricopulo A. Fragment-Based QSAR and Molecular Modeling Studies on a Series of Discodermolide Analogs as Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200860109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tang HF, Cheng G, Wu J, Chen XL, Zhang SY, Wen AD, Lin HW. Cytotoxic asterosaponins capable of promoting polymerization of tubulin from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:284-289. [PMID: 19133759 DOI: 10.1021/np8004858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four new asterosaponins, novaeguinosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the bioactive fraction of the starfish Culcita novaeguineae, as active compounds capable of promoting polymerization of tubulin. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 3 are characterized by sulfated side chains not previously found in asterosaponins, and 1 is the first example of a trisulfated asterosaponin. In the side chains of 2 and 4, the 26-carboxylic acid function is found as an amide derivative of taurine, which is a rare feature and first encountered among asterosaponins. All the asterosaponins showed cytotoxicity against two human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
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de Lemos E, Porée FH, Bourin A, Barbion J, Agouridas E, Lannou MI, Commerçon A, Betzer JF, Pancrazi A, Ardisson J. Total synthesis of discodermolide: optimization of the effective synthetic route. Chemistry 2009; 14:11092-112. [PMID: 18973162 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and modulable total synthesis of discodermolide (DDM), a unique marine anticancer polyketide is described including related alternative synthetic approaches. Particularly notable is the repeated application of a crotyltitanation reaction to yield homoallylic (Z)-O-ene-carbamate alcohols with excellent selectivity. Advantage was taken of this reaction not only for the stereocontrolled building of the syn-anti methyl-hydroxy-methyl triads of DDM, but also for the direct construction of the terminal (Z)-diene. Of particular interest is also the installation of the C13=C14 (Z)-double bond through a highly selective dyotropic rearrangement. The preparation of the middle C8-C14 fragment in two sequential stages and its coupling to the C1-C7 moiety was a real challenge and required careful optimization. Several synthetic routes were explored to allow high and reliable yields. Due to the flexibility and robust character of this approach, it might enable a systematic structural variation of DDM and, therefore, the elaboration and exploration of novel discodermolide structural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa de Lemos
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 8638, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex, France
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Borzilleri RM, Vite GD. Chapter 15 Case History: Discovery of Ixabepilone (IXEMPRATM), a First-in-Class Epothilone Analog for Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Altmann KH. Preclinical pharmacology and structure-activity studies of epothilones. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2009; 90:157-220. [PMID: 19209843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78207-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Dalby SM. From nature to the laboratory and into the clinic. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2290-303. [PMID: 19028103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products possess a broad diversity of structure and function, and they provide inspiration for chemistry, biology, and medicine. In this review article, we highlight and place in context our laboratory's total syntheses of, and related studies on, complex secondary metabolites that were clinically important drugs, or have since been developed into useful medicines, namely amphotericin B (1), calicheamicin gamma(1)(I) (2), rapamycin (3), Taxol (4), the epothilones [e.g., epothilones A (5) and B (6)], and vancomycin (7). We also briefly highlight our research with other selected inspirational natural products possessing interesting biological activities [i.e., dynemicin A (8), uncialamycin (9), eleutherobin (10), sarcodictyin A (11), azaspiracid-1 (12), thiostrepton (13), abyssomicin C (14), platensimycin (15), platencin (16), and palmerolide A (17)].
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC408, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Hutson TE, Figlin RA. Experimental therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:1693-702. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.11.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Antoine M, Marchand P, Le Baut G, Czech M, Baasner S, Gunther E. Side chain modifications of (indol-3-yl)glyoxamides as antitumor agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:686-95. [PMID: 18821257 DOI: 10.1080/14756360802207998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New series of analogues of N-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-indol-3-yl]glyoxamide D-24851 were synthesized, characterized and tested for their in vitro anticancer properties. In the first series, an amino acid spacer was introduced in the glyoxamide chain of D-24851. In the second series, the glyoxamide chain was moved to positions 4 and 5 of indole skeleton. These new compounds were tested on four cancer cell lines (KB, SK-OV-3, NCI-H460 and SF-268), with promising activity for the glycine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Antoine
- Département de Pharmacochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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Puhalla S, Brufsky A. Ixabepilone: a new chemotherapeutic option for refractory metastatic breast cancer. Biologics 2008; 2:505-15. [PMID: 19707381 PMCID: PMC2721395 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Taxane therapy is commonly used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, most patients will eventually become refractory to these agents. Ixabepilone is a newly approved chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although it targets microtubules similarly to docetaxel and paclitaxel, ixabepilone has activity in patients that are refractory to taxanes. This review summarizes the pharmacology of ixapebilone and clinical trials with the drug both as a single agent and in combination. Data were obtained using searches of PubMed and abstracts of the annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium from 1995 to 2008. Ixapebilone is a semi-synthetic analog of epothilone B that acts to induce apoptosis of cancer cells via the stabilization of microtubules. Phase I clinical trials have employed various dosing schedules ranging from daily to weekly to 3-weekly. Dose-limiting toxicites included neuropathy and neutropenia. Responses were seen in a variety of tumor types. Phase II studies verified activity in taxane-refractory metastatic breast cancer. The FDA has approved ixabepilone for use as monotherapy and in combination with capecitabine for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ixabepilone is an efficacious option for patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. The safety profile is similar to that of taxanes, with neuropathy and neutropenia being dose-limiting. Studies are ongoing with the use of both iv and oral formulations and in combination with other chemotherapeutic and biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Puhalla
- UPMC Magee-Womens Cancer, Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Brufsky
- UPMC Magee-Womens Cancer, Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Canales A, Matesanz R, Gardner N, Andreu J, Paterson I, Díaz J, Jiménez-Barbero J. The Bound Conformation of Microtubule-Stabilizing Agents: NMR Insights into the Bioactive 3D Structure of Discodermolide and Dictyostatin. Chemistry 2008; 14:7557-69. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Altmann KH, Memmert K. Epothilones as lead structures for new anticancer drugs--pharmacology, fermentation, and structure-activity-relationships. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2008; 66:273, 275-334. [PMID: 18416309 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8595-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones (Epo's) A and B are naturally occurring microtubule-stabilizers, which inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro at low nM or sub-nM concentrations. In contrast to taxol (paclitaxel, Taxol) epothilones are also active against different types of multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines in vitro and against multidrug-resistant tumors in vivo. Their attractive preclinical profile has made epothilones important lead structures in the search for improved cytotoxic anticancer drugs and Epo B (EPO906, patupilone) is currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials. Numerous synthetic and semisynthetic analogs have been prepared since the absolute stereochemistry of epothilones was first disclosed in mid-1996 and their in vitro biological activity has been determined. Apart from generating a wealth of SAR information, these efforts have led to the identification of at least six compounds (in addition to Epo B), which are currently at various stages of clinical evaluation in humans. The most advanced of these compounds, Epo B lactam BMS-247550 (ixabepilone), has recently obtained FDA approval for the treatment of metastatic and advanced breast cancer. This chapter will first provide a summary of the basic features of the biological profile of Epo B in vitro and in vivo. This will be followed by a review of the processes that have been developed for the fermentative production of Epo B. The main part of the chapter will focus on the most relevant aspects of the epothilone SAR with regard to effects on tubulin polymerization, in vitro antiproliferative activity, and in vivo antitumor activity. Particular emphasis will be placed on work conducted in the authors' own laboratories, but data from other groups will also be included. In a final section, the current status of those epothilone analogs undergoing clinical development will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland.
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Altmann KH, Pfeiffer B, Arseniyadis S, Pratt BA, Nicolaou KC. The chemistry and biology of epothilones--the wheel keeps turning. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:396-423. [PMID: 17340668 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H 405, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Chien AJ, Moasser MM. Cellular mechanisms of resistance to anthracyclines and taxanes in cancer: intrinsic and acquired. Semin Oncol 2008; 35:S1-S14; quiz S39. [PMID: 18410794 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes and anthracyclines are two of the most potent and broadly effective classes of chemotherapeutic agents. However, resistance to these agents is common and significantly limits their potential. As such, there is a great need to understand the mechanisms underlying de novo and acquired resistance to these agents. Beyond the resistance barrier lies even greater potential to significantly alter the natural course of human cancer. This review discusses what we currently understand about the mechanisms of resistance to taxanes and anthracyclines. Preclinical models suggest a role for ATP-binding cassette transporters, tubulin isoforms, microtubule-associated proteins, tubulin gene mutations, and mitotic checkpoint signaling proteins in resistance to taxanes. Preclinical models also suggest that drug transport proteins, antioxidant defenses, apoptotic signaling, and topoisomerase modulation may mediate anthracycline resistance. Many of these hypotheses remain untested in appropriately designed clinical studies, but limited clinical evidence will be reviewed. Epothilones represent a novel class of non-taxane microtubule stabilizing agents with distinct drug-resistance profiles. Potential mechanisms behind these differences and their potential role in the treatment of both taxane- and anthracycline-refractory patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jo Chien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wong CC, Cheng KW, He QY, Chen F. Unraveling the molecular targets of natural products: Insights from genomic and proteomic analyses. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:338-54. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200880002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hansch C, Verma RP. Understanding tubulin/microtubule-taxane interactions: a quantitative structure-activity relationship study. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:151-61. [PMID: 18171015 DOI: 10.1021/mp700119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For years, the microtubule-stabilizing agents paclitaxel and docetaxel (progenitors of the family of taxanes) have been the most successful anticancer drugs currently used in clinics. However, both drugs are associated with notorious side effects, drug resistance, and cross resistance with other chemotherapeutic agents. These limitations have led to the search for new drugs with improved biological activity. In the present paper, we discuss the interaction of taxanes with the tubulin/microtubule system by the formulation of 6 QSARs. Hydrophobicity of the substituents (pi) is found to be one of the most important determinants of the activity followed by steric parameters. Parabolic correlations (eqs 3 and 7) with B5 and pi are the most encouraging examples, where the optimum values of these parameters are well defined. We believe that these two QSARs may prove to be adequate predictive models that can help to provide guidance in design/synthesis and subsequently yield very specific compounds (IV and VIII) that may have high biological activities. On the basis of these two QSARs 3 and 7, 18 compounds (IV-12- IV-22 and VIII-16- VIII-22) are suggested as potential synthetic targets. Cross-validation, quality factor (Q), Fischer statistics (F), and Y-randomization tests have validated all the QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin Hansch
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA
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Tian F, Johnson EM, Zamarripa M, Sansone S, Brancaleon L. Binding of Porphyrins to Tubulin Heterodimers. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3767-78. [DOI: 10.1021/bm700687x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Eric M. Johnson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Miguel Zamarripa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Samuel Sansone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Lorenzo Brancaleon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
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Upregulation of tissue factor expression and thrombogenic activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells by irradiation, rapamycin and paclitaxel. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 8:307-11. [PMID: 18182245 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracoronary brachytherapy as well as rapamycin or paclitaxel coated stents reduce restenosis rates after stenting, but are associated with an increased risk of late stent thrombosis. Tissue factor (TF) may contribute to late thrombosis. This study examined the impact of rapamycin and paclitaxel on TF expression and compares the TF activity induction of both drugs and irradiation in SMCs. METHODS SMCs were stimulated with rapamycin, paclitaxel or irradiation. Real-time PCR, a chromogenic TF activity assay and Western blotting were done. RESULTS Rapamycin or paclitaxel increased the TF mRNA expression 5-fold and the TF activity 4- to 6-fold with a maximum at 5 h. Irradiation induced TF activity 2- to 4-fold with a maximum at 7 days. CONCLUSION The fast increase of TF expression in SMCs post rapamycin and paclitaxel treatment may explain acute stent thrombosis when anti-thrombotic therapies are withdrawn, whereas the irradiation induced long term increase of cellular thrombogenicity may contribute to late thrombosis post intracoronary brachytherapy. Therapies counteracting these side effects may reduce the risk of thrombotic complications after the coronary application of anti-proliferative therapies.
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Altmann KH, Gertsch J. Anticancer drugs from nature--natural products as a unique source of new microtubule-stabilizing agents. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:327-57. [PMID: 17390000 DOI: 10.1039/b515619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview on the current state of research in the area of microtubule-stabilizing agents from natural sources, with a primary focus on the biochemistry, biology, and pharmacology associated with these compounds. A variety of natural products have been discovered over the last decade to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation through a taxol-like mechanism. These compounds represent a whole new range of structurally diverse lead structures for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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