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Serrano-Hervás E, Garcia-Borràs M, Osuna S. Exploring the origins of selectivity in soluble epoxide hydrolase from Bacillus megaterium. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8827-8835. [PMID: 29026902 PMCID: PMC5708342 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01847a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolase (EH) enzymes catalyze the hydration of racemic epoxides to yield their corresponding vicinal diols. In this work, the Bacillus megaterium epoxide hydrolase (BmEH)-mediated hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide (rac-SO) and its para-nitro styrene oxide (rac-p-NSO) derivative are computationally investigated using density functional theory (DFT).
Epoxide hydrolase (EH) enzymes catalyze the hydration of racemic epoxides to yield their corresponding vicinal diols. These enzymes present different enantio- and regioselectivity depending upon either the substrate structure or the substitution pattern of the epoxide ring. In this study, we computationally investigate the Bacillus megaterium epoxide hydrolase (BmEH)-mediated hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide (rac-SO) and its para-nitro styrene oxide (rac-p-NSO) derivative using density functional theory (DFT) and an active site cluster model consisting of 195 and 197 atoms, respectively. Full reaction mechanisms for epoxide ring opening were evaluated considering the attack at both oxirane carbons and considering two possible orientations of the substrate at the BmEH active site. Our results indicate that for both SO and p-NSO substrates the BmEH enantio- and regioselectivity is opposite to the inherent (R)-BmEH selectivity, the attack at the benzylic position (C1) of the (S)-enantiomer being the most favoured chemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eila Serrano-Hervás
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Putkaradze N, Litzenburger M, Abdulmughni A, Milhim M, Brill E, Hannemann F, Bernhardt R. CYP109E1 is a novel versatile statin and terpene oxidase from Bacillus megaterium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8379-8393. [PMID: 29018905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CYP109E1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium with a hydroxylation activity for testosterone and vitamin D3. This study reports the screening of a focused library of statins, terpene-derived and steroidal compounds to explore the substrate spectrum of this enzyme. Catalytic activity of CYP109E1 towards the statin drug-precursor compactin and the prodrugs lovastatin and simvastatin as well as biotechnologically relevant terpene compounds including ionones, nootkatone, isolongifolen-9-one, damascones, and β-damascenone was found in vitro. The novel substrates induced a type I spin-shift upon binding to P450 and thus permitted to determine dissociation constants. For the identification of conversion products by NMR spectroscopy, a B. megaterium whole-cell system was applied. NMR analysis revealed for the first time the ability of CYP109E1 to catalyze an industrially highly important reaction, the production of pravastatin from compactin, as well as regioselective oxidations generating drug metabolites (6'β-hydroxy-lovastatin, 3'α-hydroxy-simvastatin, and 4″-hydroxy-simvastatin) and valuable terpene derivatives (3-hydroxy-α-ionone, 4-hydroxy-β-ionone, 11,12-epoxy-nootkatone, 4(R)-hydroxy-isolongifolen-9-one, 3-hydroxy-α-damascone, 4-hydroxy-β-damascone, and 3,4-epoxy-β-damascone). Besides that, a novel compound, 2-hydroxy-β-damascenone, produced by CYP109E1 was identified. Docking calculations using the crystal structure of CYP109E1 rationalized the experimentally observed regioselective hydroxylation and identified important amino acid residues for statin and terpene binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Putkaradze
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Martin Litzenburger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Ammar Abdulmughni
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Mohammed Milhim
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Elisa Brill
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Frank Hannemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Dubey KK, Kumar P, Labrou NE, Shukla P. Biotherapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of colchicine. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:1038-1047. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1303804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
- Microbial Process Development Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Punit Kumar
- Microbial Process Development Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Kong XD, Ma Q, Zhou J, Zeng BB, Xu JH. A Smart Library of Epoxide Hydrolase Variants and the Top Hits for Synthesis of (S)-β-Blocker Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6641-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kong XD, Ma Q, Zhou J, Zeng BB, Xu JH. A Smart Library of Epoxide Hydrolase Variants and the Top Hits for Synthesis of (S)-β-Blocker Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhang ZJ, Pan J, Ma BD, Xu JH. Efficient Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Chemicals. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:55-106. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Xu G, Yu H, Xu J. Facile Access to Chiral Alcohols with Pharmaceutical Relevance Using a Ketoreductase Newly Mined fromPichia guilliermondii. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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ZHAO J, JU X, PAN J, LI C, WANG M, XU J. Heterogeneous Expression of Epoxide Hydrolase Genes from <I>Populus Tomentosa</I> and Application of the Enzyme for Biocatalytic Resolution of Chiral Epoxides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1088.2012.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Bala N, Kaur K, Chimni SS, Saini HS, Kanwar SS. Bioresolution of benzyl glycidyl ether using whole cells of Bacillus alcalophilus. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:383-9. [PMID: 22052437 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incubation of whole Bacillus alcalophilus cells grown on a mineral supplemented medium (MSM) containing 1% (w/v) sucrose as carbon source, 1.2% (w/v) tryptone as nitrogen source at pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C in 24 h kinetically resolved benzyl glycidyl ether (1 mg/ml) to provide (S)-benzyl glycidyl ether with 30% ee and (R)-3-benzyloxypropane-1,2-diol with 40% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Zhao J, Chu YY, Li AT, Ju X, Kong XD, Pan J, Tang Y, Xu JH. An Unusual (R)-Selective Epoxide Hydrolase with High Activity for Facile Preparation of Enantiopure Glycidyl Ethers. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Statistical optimization of process variables for the production of an anticancer drug (colchicine derivatives) through fermentation: at scale-up level. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Bala N, Chimni SS. Recent developments in the asymmetric hydrolytic ring opening of epoxides catalysed by microbial epoxide hydrolase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Construction of recombinant Escherichia coli for enhanced bioconversion of colchicine into 3-demethylated colchicine at 70l bioreactor level. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bala N, Chimni SS, Saini HS, Chadha BS. Bacillus alcalophilus MTCC10234 catalyzed enantioselective kinetic resolution of aryl glycidyl ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Biocatalytic resolution of glycidyl phenyl ether using a novel epoxide hydrolase from a marine bacterium, Maritimibacter alkaliphilus KCCM 42376 [corrected]. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:539-44. [PMID: 20471590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a continuous effort of developing highly enantioselective epoxide hydrolase from marine microorganisms, it was found that Maritimibacter alkaliphilus KCCM 42376 [corrected] was highly enantioselective toward racemic glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE). An open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative epoxide hydrolase (EHase) was cloned from the genome of Maritimibacter alkaliphilus KCCM 42376 [corrected], followed by expression and purification in Escherichia coli. The purified EHase (REH) hydrolyzed (S)-GPE preferentially over (R)-GPE. Enantiopure (R)-GPE from kinetic resolution of 29.2 mM racemic GPE using the purified REH could be obtained with enantiopurity of more than 99.9% enantiomeric excess (ee) and 38.4% yield (theoretical, 50%) within 20 min (enantiomeric ratio (E-value): 38.4). The enantioselective activity of REH toward GPE was also confirmed by the analysis of the vicinal diol, 3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates the highest enantioselective resolution of racemic GPE using a purified biocatalyst among the known native EHases.
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Dubey KK, Ray A, Behera B. Production of demethylated colchicine through microbial transformation and scale-up process development. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Yeates C, Smit M, Botes A, Breytenbach J, Krieg H. Optimisation of the biocatalytic resolution of styrene oxide by whole cells of Rhodotorula glutinis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Development and characterization of recombinant whole-cell biocatalysts expressing epoxide hydrolase from Rhodotorula glutinis for enantioselective resolution of racemic epoxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Enantioselective epoxide hydrolase activity of a newly isolated microorganism, Sphingomonas echinoides EH-983, from seawater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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van Loo B, Kingma J, Arand M, Wubbolts MG, Janssen DB. Diversity and biocatalytic potential of epoxide hydrolases identified by genome analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:2905-17. [PMID: 16597997 PMCID: PMC1448995 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.4.2905-2917.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases play an important role in the biodegradation of organic compounds and are potentially useful in enantioselective biocatalysis. An analysis of various genomic databases revealed that about 20% of sequenced organisms contain one or more putative epoxide hydrolase genes. They were found in all domains of life, and many fungi and actinobacteria contain several putative epoxide hydrolase-encoding genes. Multiple sequence alignments of epoxide hydrolases with other known and putative alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes that possess a nucleophilic aspartate revealed that these enzymes can be classified into eight phylogenetic groups that all contain putative epoxide hydrolases. To determine their catalytic activities, 10 putative bacterial epoxide hydrolase genes and 2 known bacterial epoxide hydrolase genes were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The production of active enzyme was strongly improved by fusion to the maltose binding protein (MalE), which prevented inclusion body formation and facilitated protein purification. Eight of the 12 fusion proteins were active toward one or more of the 21 epoxides that were tested, and they converted both terminal and nonterminal epoxides. Four of the new epoxide hydrolases showed an uncommon enantiopreference for meso-epoxides and/or terminal aromatic epoxides, which made them suitable for the production of enantiopure (S,S)-diols and (R)-epoxides. The results show that the expression of epoxide hydrolase genes that are detected by analyses of genomic databases is a useful strategy for obtaining new biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van Loo
- Biochemical Laboratory, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Xu W, Xu JH, Pan J, Gu Q, Wu XY. Enantioconvergent Hydrolysis of Styrene Epoxides by Newly Discovered Epoxide Hydrolases in Mung Bean. Org Lett 2006; 8:1737-40. [PMID: 16597154 DOI: 10.1021/ol060407u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Two novel epoxide hydrolases were discovered in mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) for the first time, either of which can catalyze enantioconvergent hydrolysis of styrene epoxides. Their regioselectivity coefficients are more than 90% for the p-nitrostyrene oxide. Furthermore, the crude mung bean powder was also shown to be a cheap and practical biocatalyst, allowing a one-step asymmetric synthesis of chiral (R)-diols from racemic epoxides, in up to >99% ee and 68.7% overall yield (after recrystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Hasnaoui G, Lutje Spelberg JH, de Vries E, Tang L, Hauer B, Janssen DB. Nitrite-mediated hydrolysis of epoxides catalyzed by halohydrin dehalogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1: a new tool for the kinetic resolution of epoxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cheung KH, Gu JD. Chromate reduction by Bacillus megaterium TKW3 isolated from marine sediments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-3619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gong PF, Xu JH. Bio-resolution of a chiral epoxide using whole cells of Bacillus megaterium ECU1001 in a biphasic system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xu Y, Xu JH, Pan J, Zhao L, Zhang SL. Biocatalytic resolution of nitro-substituted phenoxypropylene oxides with Trichosporon loubierii epoxide hydrolase and prediction of their enantiopurity variation with reaction time. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pan J, Xu JH. Marked enhancement of epoxide hydrolase production from Trichosporon loubierii ECU1040 by substrate induction and fed-batch fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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