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Silva C, Martins M, Jing S, Fu J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Practical insights on enzyme stabilization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:335-350. [PMID: 28764566 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1355294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are efficient catalysts designed by nature to work in physiological environments of living systems. The best operational conditions to access and convert substrates at the industrial level are different from nature and normally extreme. Strategies to isolate enzymes from extremophiles can redefine new operational conditions, however not always solving all industrial requirements. The stability of enzymes is therefore a key issue on the implementation of the catalysts in industrial processes which require the use of extreme environments that can undergo enzyme instability. Strategies for enzyme stabilization have been exhaustively reviewed, however they lack a practical approach. This review intends to compile and describe the most used approaches for enzyme stabilization highlighting case studies in a practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva
- a Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Madalena Martins
- a Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Su Jing
- b International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- c Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles , Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- a Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB) , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,b International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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Spickermann D, Kara S, Barackov I, Hollmann F, Schwaneberg U, Duenkelmann P, Leggewie C. Alcohol dehydrogenase stabilization by additives under industrially relevant reaction conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Stepankova V, Bidmanova S, Koudelakova T, Prokop Z, Chaloupkova R, Damborsky J. Strategies for Stabilization of Enzymes in Organic Solvents. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400684x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Stepankova
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre
for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis,
Ltd., Palackeho trida
1802/129, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Bidmanova
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre
for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Koudelakova
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre
for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre
for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis,
Ltd., Palackeho trida
1802/129, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Chaloupkova
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre
for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre
for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis,
Ltd., Palackeho trida
1802/129, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kumar A, Venkatesu P. Overview of the stability of α-chymotrypsin in different solvent media. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4283-307. [PMID: 22506806 DOI: 10.1021/cr2003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu Q, He J, Zhang J, Ou J. Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Ordered Macroporous Silicas Functionalized with Amino Group. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Li C, Wang L, Jiang Y, Hu M, Li S, Zhai Q. Activity and Stability of Chloroperoxidase in the Presence of Small Quantities of Polysaccharides: A Catalytically Favorable Conformation Was Induced. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1691-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Spreti N, Germani R, Incani A, Savelli G. Stabilization of Chloroperoxidase by Polyethylene Glycols in Aqueous Media: Kinetic Studies and Synthetic Applications. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 20:96-101. [PMID: 14763829 DOI: 10.1021/bp034167i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chloroperoxidase (CPO) is one of the most versatile of the heme peroxidase enzymes for synthetic applications. Despite the potential use of CPO, commercial processes have not been developed because of the low water solubility of many organic substrates of synthetic interest and the limited stability due to inactivation by H(2)O(2). CPO catalytic properties have been studied in aqueous solutions in the presence of short-chain poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs), and the sulfoxidation of thioanisole, as model substrate, has been investigated. The addition of PEGs allows a better substrate solubilization in the reaction mixture and the enzyme to retain more of its initial activity, with respect to pure buffer. Kinetic studies were performed to optimize the experimental conditions, and complete enantioselective conversion to the (R)-sulfoxide (ee = 99%) was observed in the presence of PEG 200 and tri(ethylene glycol). The relevant stabilization of chloroperoxidase due to the presence of PEGs allows the enzyme to convert the substrate with significant product yields even after 10 days, with a consequent increase in enzyme productivity. This is a promising result in view of industrial application of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Spreti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67010 Coppito (AQ), Italy
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Zhi L, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Hu M, Li S, Ma Y. Effects of Additives on the Thermostability of Chloroperoxidase. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 23:729-33. [PMID: 17487972 DOI: 10.1021/bp070024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of several polyhydroxy compounds (glucose, fructose, gumsugar, galactose, trehalose, dextran, xylose, PEG200, glycerin) and surfactant (dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, AOT) on the catalytic activity and thermal stability of chloroperoxidase (CPO) in aqueous systems were investigated at various temperatures. A 25% superactivity was found in AOT solutions at 25 degrees C, and it could be maintained during the 882 h. PEG200 and glycerin were proven to be the most efficient stabilizer for CPO in temperatures ranging from 25 to 60 degrees C. Trehalose is more helpful than other sugars for extended storage of CPO. These results are promising in view of industrial applications of this versatile biological catalyst. The protective mechanism of various additives on CPO was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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Olofsson L, Söderberg P, Nicholls IA. Influence of Water Miscible Organic Solvents on α-chymotrypsin in Solution and Immobilized on Eupergit CM. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:929-35. [PMID: 16775656 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the water-miscible organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, N,N'-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran) on the stability and catalytic activity of alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) immobilized on Eupergit CM were studied. Enhanced stabilities and activities were observed both as a consequence of immobilization and the presence of organic solvent, which in combination provide long term (at least 24 h) retention of activity, and up to 50-fold increase in 50% (v/v) methanol in buffer. Low quantities (20%, v/v) of acetonitrile not only prevented CT inactivation by autolysis at 20 degrees C but also induced a significant increase in the activity of both free (six-fold) and immobilized (two-fold) CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Olofsson
- Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden
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Morgan JA, Clark DS. Salt-activation of nonhydrolase enzymes for use in organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 85:456-9. [PMID: 14755564 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions are important for the synthesis of chiral molecules. One factor limiting synthetic applications of enzymes is the poor aqueous solubility of numerous substrates. To overcome this limitation, enzymes can be used directly in organic solvents; however, in nonaqueous media enzymes usually exhibit only a fraction of their aqueous-level activity. Salt-activation, a technique previously demonstrated to substantially increase the transesterification activity of hydrolytic enzymes in organic solvents, was applied to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, soybean peroxidase, galactose oxidase, and xanthine oxidase, which are oxidoreductase and oxygenase enzymes. Assays of the lyophilized enzyme preparations demonstrated that the presence of salt protected enzymes from irreversible inactivation. In organic solvents, there were significant increases in activity for the salt-activated enzymes compared to nonsalt-activated controls for every enzyme tested. The increased enzymatic activity in organic solvents was shown to result from a combination of protection against inactivation during the freeze-drying process and other as-yet undetermined factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Morgan
- University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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