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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles-impregnated chitosan surfaces for covalent immobilization of trypsin: Stability & kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:205-221. [PMID: 35259431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin (Try, EC. 3.4.21.4) was effectively immobilized on the surface of glutaraldehyde(GA)-activated ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite through covalent attachment via Schiff-base linkages. Size, structure, surface morphology, & percentage elemental composition of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles and chitosan-coated ZnO nanocomposite were studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (EDAX) techniques. Optimal immobilization conditions (incubation time (16 h), enzyme concentration (1.8 mg/ml), and pH (7.8)) were investigated to obtain the maximum expressed activity of the immobilized trypsin. Immobilized & solubilized trypsin exhibited the optimum catalytic activity at pH 8.5, 60 °C, and pH 7.8, 45 °C respectively. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) of immobilized (27.12 μM, 8.82 μM/min) & free trypsin (25.76 μM, 4.16 μM/min) were determined, indicating that efficiency of trypsin improves after immobilization. Immobilized trypsin preserved 67% of initial activity at 50 °C during 2 h of incubation & sustained nearly 50% of catalytic activity until the 9th repeated cycle of utilization. Moreover, immobilized trypsin retained 50% of enzymatic activity after 90 days of storage at 4 °C. Hence, the current findings suggest that ZnO/Chitosan-GA-Trypsin would be a promising biocatalyst for large-scale biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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2
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Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) as pH-sensitive semi-IPN hydrogels for oral insulin delivery: preparation and characterization. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior of pectinase covalently immobilized onto sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads. Food Chem 2018; 253:185-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Çelik S, Tunali Akar S, Şölener M, Akar T. Anionically reinforced hydrogel network entrapped fungal cells for retention of cadmium in the contaminated aquatic media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:583-593. [PMID: 28942189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomass/polymer composite was fabricated by embedding Thamnidium elegans cells in acrylic network of p(3-Methoxyprophyl)acrylamide p(MPA) enriched with 2-Akrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS). Cd(II) retention potential of hydrogel (p(MPA-co-AMPS)) increased by 20.66% times after this enrichment. The gel matrix could be effectively entrapped the biomass and resulting sorbent applied to remove Cd(II) from water in batch and continuous modes. The main physico-chemical parameters are discussed in addition to characterization, regeneration and application studies of the suggested sorbent. Equilibrium occurred within 30 min and Langmuir model predicted the equilibrium data. Kinetics of Cd(II) removal onto immobilized biomass is modeled using the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Maximum monolayer sorption capacity was estimated to be 123.76 mg g-1 at 25 °C. Designed composite was successfully applied for the removal of Cd(II) from industrial wastewater. EDTA and HNO3 can be efficiently used for Cd(II) recovery and composite sorbent recycled for at least 12 cycles with nearly stable sorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Tunali Akar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Musa Şölener
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Tamer Akar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Abstract
Aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) modified hydrogel beads were prepared as a new sorbent for nucleotide isolation. Spherical hydrogel beads, obtained by suspension copolymerization, were the base material for the sorbent. The carboxyl groups on the gel bead surface were activated with a water soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). APBA was then covalently attached to the activated structure via the amine groups. The maximum APBA attached to the gel was 34mg/g. The reversible adsorption-desorption behavior of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) was investigated by using 3.5 and 34mg/g of APBA on the hydrogel beads. The equilibrium -NAD adsorption capacities for these beads were determined as approximately 25 and 100mg/g, respectively. The -NAD absorption capacity of these APBA beads is significantly greater than similar supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin ÇIçek
- Engineering Development Group, Roketsan Corporation, Elmadag, Ankara, Turkey,
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Kumari S, Chauhan GS, Ahn JH, Reddy NS. Bio-waste derived dialdehyde cellulose ethers as supports for α-chymotrypsin immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 85:227-37. [PMID: 26723248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is an important technique to enhance stability, storability and reusability of enzymes. In the present work, pine needles, a forest bio-waste, were used as a feedstock of cellulose to synthesize new materials as supports for immobilization of α-chymotrypsin (CT) enzyme. The extracted cellulose from pine needles was etherified with different alkyl bromides (RBr) and etherified products were further modified to dialdehyde via oxidation with NaIO4 to get the desired products, dialdehyde cellulose ethers (ROcellCHO). CT was then covalently immobilized onto as-synthesized dialdehyde cellulose ethers via Schiff-base formation, i.e., imine linkage. The synthesized products and enzyme immobilization were confirmed by different characterization techniques and the activity assay of the free and the immobilized CT was carried out using standard protocol with variation of different parameters such as temperature, pH and substrate concentration. The storage stability and reusability of the immobilized CT were also investigated. CT activity was also studied in simulated physiological conditions in the artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid. Artificial neural network (ANN) model was employed to correlate the relationship with% relative activity and time, temperature and pH affecting enzyme activity. A good correlation of experimental data was predicted by ANN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Kumari
- Himachal Pradesh University, Department of Chemistry, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005 Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ghanshyam S Chauhan
- Himachal Pradesh University, Department of Chemistry, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005 Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Jou-Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - N S Reddy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Li DF, Ding HC, Zhou T. Covalent immobilization of mixed proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, onto modified polyvinyl chloride microspheres. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10447-10453. [PMID: 24125631 DOI: 10.1021/jf403476p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A commercially available trypsin-chymotrypsin mixture was covalently immobilized onto modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microspheres, which were activated by the subsequent treatment of PVC microspheres with ethylenediamine and glutaraldehyde. The immobilized mixed protease was characterized by FT-IR and SEM analyses. Immobilization conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design and the response surface method. The activity of the immobilized mixed protease prepared under optimal conditions (pH 6.6, 23 °C, 2 h) reached 1341 U/g. Compared with the free form, the immobilized enzyme possesses a slightly higher optimal pH value and a wider pH-activity profile, superior thermal stability, and a higher Km value. Reusability of the immobilized mixed protease indicated that >70% of the original activity was retained after having been recycled six times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, People's Republic of China
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8
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Site directed immobilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via thiol-disulfide interchange: Influence on catalytic activity of cysteines introduced at different positions. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Preparation of high PMMA grafted particle SiO2 using surface initiated free radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo N, Wu D, Pan X, Lu M. Magnetic polymer microspheres with azidocarbonyl groups: Synthesis, characterization and application in protein immobilization. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Park S, Lee Y, Kim DN, Park S, Jang E, Koh WG. Entrapment of enzyme-linked magnetic nanoparticles within poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel microparticles prepared by photopatterning. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Gai L, Wu D. A Novel Reversible pH-Triggered Release Immobilized Enzyme System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 158:747-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Şölener M. Hydrogel characteristics of a novel temperature-sensitive polymer, poly(N-2-methoxyisopropylacrylamide). J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Cer E, Gürpinar OA, Onur MA, Tuncel A. Polyethylene glycol-based cationically charged hydrogel beads as a new microcarrier for cell culture. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 80:406-14. [PMID: 16850462 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new polyethylene glycol (PEG) based microcarrier was designed and examined by the attachment and growth of mouse fibroblast cells. In the design of microcarrier, a PEG-based macromonomer, polyethyleneglycol methacrylate (PEGMA), was selected as the main component of hydrogel beads since PEG is known as a nontoxic and biocompatible material. A relatively new cationic comonomer, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide (DMAPM), with higher ionization ability with respect to the similar comonomers was used for providing cationic charge to the hydrogel structure. In the first part, a suspension copolymerization method was developed for the production of cationically charged hydrogel beads as a potential microcarrier for cell culturing. The suspension copolymerization by using ethylene dimethacrylate (EDM) as cross-linking agent and cyclohexanol as the diluent provided spherical, polydisperse poly(PEGMA-DMAPM-EDM) hydrogel beads with an average size of 121 microm. The hydrogel beads exhibited a pH-dependent swelling behavior. The L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultured on poly(PEGMA-DMAPM-EDM) hydrogel beads with an initial concentration of 200,000 cells/mL. The cells were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium during 5 days and the cell proliferation was investigated at every 24 h. An effective cell attachment and growth up to 3.5 x 10(6) cells/mL were observed with the poly(PEGMA-DMAPM-EDM) hydrogel beads. The results indicated that the proposed microcarrier was a significant alternative to the hydrogel beads obtained by the copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate commonly used in microcarrier-facilitated cell culturing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06532, Ankara, Turkey
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Pei A, Liu A, Xie T, Yang G. A New Strategy for the Preparation of Polyamide-6 Microspheres with Designed Morphology. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061905l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastic, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; and Shanghai Genius Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Andong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastic, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; and Shanghai Genius Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Tingxiu Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastic, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; and Shanghai Genius Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Guisheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastic, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; and Shanghai Genius Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
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Yalçın G, Elmas B, Tuncel M, Tuncel A. A low, particle-sized, nonporous support for enzyme immobilization: Uniform poly(glycidyl methacrylate) latex particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Ma Z, Guan Y, Liu X, Liu H. Covalent immobilization of albumin on micron-sized magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene-glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres prepared by modified suspension polymerization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Belyaeva E, Della Valle D, Poncelet D. Immobilization of α-chymotrypsin in κ-carrageenan beads prepared with the static mixer. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Bahar T, Tuncel A. Concanavalin A attached poly(p-chloromethylstyrene) beads for glycoenzyme separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gomez CG, Alvarez CI, Strumia MC. Influence of the morphology of poly(EGDMA-co-HEMA) on the chemical modifications and retention of O-phosphothreonine. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2003; 55:23-36. [PMID: 12559586 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the morphology of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer [poly(EGDMA-co-HEMA)] base support to obtain different Fe(3+)-containing sorbents and their properties in retention of O-phosphothreonine [Thre(P)] is examined in this paper. Three base supports poly(EGDMA-co-HEMA) (I-III) were obtained using different quantities of initiator in suspension polymerization reactions. These products were submitted to chemical modifications using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDGE) in activation reactions and different chelating agents (iminodiacetic acid, IDA; disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, EDTA; and hexamethylenediamine tetrapropanoic acid, HMDTP) in coupling reactions to attain Fe(3+)-containing sorbents. Properties such as specific surface area (S(s)), specific pore volume (V(p)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR spectroscopy, quantity of functional groups (oxirane and carboxyl), amount of chelated metal ion, ligand occupation (L), swelling studies as well as quantity of O-phosphoamino acid retained were used as comparative parameters for matrices. In general, the derivatization reactions proved to be more efficient when higher S(s) of macropores (50-400,000 nm) were available in the matrix. In our case, it was observed when highest percentage of initiator was used. On the other hand, the effect of accessibility of surface area on the yield of coupling reactions was noticed when comparing the different chelating agents since the number of carboxyl groups present in products was higher when the molecular size of the chelating agent was lower. Although all Fe(3+)-containing sorbents resulted efficient to retain Thre(P), the values of retention of the amino acid were slightly higher when IDA-containing matrices were used irrespective of the quantity of metal chelated. This could be probably due to the fact that the IDA ligand could be bounded to the matrix in sites that though accessible for the center of adsorption were hard for Thre(P) to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Gomez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Edificio de Ciencias II, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Çamli S, Şenel Ş, Tuncel A. Nucleotide isolation by boronic acid functionalized hydrophilic supports. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(02)00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bahar T, Tuncel A. Immobilization of invertase onto crosslinked poly(p-chloromethylstyrene) beads. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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