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Assessment of Biological Toxicity and Ecological Safety for Urban Black-Odor River Remediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031025. [PMID: 32041170 PMCID: PMC7037876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The judgment and assessment of remediation effect on urban black-odor river still depend on the physical-chemical parameters and lack in ecological safety effects. A set of combined biological toxicity tests were applied to evaluate the ecological effects of one urban black-odor river before and after the remediation. The special growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris and mortality rate of Daphnia magna were used to assess acute toxicity. The Salmonella Typhimurium/Reverse Mutation Assay was applied to test the mutagenicity. The tests by C. vulgaris growth showed that there was no inhibition before and after remediation by overlying water, in contrast promoted the growth of C. vulgaris. The tests by D. magna showed slight toxicity on site 3# before remediation and nontoxic after remediation. The mutagenicity of organic extracts from overlying water at all sampling sites were positive before remediation, but were eliminated after remediation except from 3 of 4 sites on TA98 strain. The addition of the liver microsomal S9 induced the positive mutagenicity on site 4# compared to S9 absence. The results clarified the applicable and the importance of the biological toxicity tests on assessing the remediation effect and potential ecological risk of urban black-odor river.
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Matsushita T, Honda S, Kuriyama T, Fujita Y, Kondo T, Matsui Y, Shirasaki N, Takanashi H, Kameya T. Identification of mutagenic transformation products generated during oxidation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol solutions by orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry and quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:347-356. [PMID: 29169108 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We used Ames assays to investigate the effects of ozonation (designated O3), ozonation followed by chlorination (O3/Cl), an advanced oxidation process (AOP, UV/H2O2), and AOP followed by chlorination (AOP/Cl) on the mutagenicity of solutions of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3M4NP), a major environmental degradation product of the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion. Whereas O3 did not induce mutagenicity, O3/Cl, AOP, and AOP/Cl converted 3M4NP into mutagenic transformation products (TPs). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we detected a total of 138 peaks in the solutions subjected to O3/Cl, AOP, and AOP/Cl. To elucidate the TPs responsible for the observed mutagenicity, we performed simple regression analyses of the relationship between the area of each peak and the observed mutagenicity of samples withdrawn periodically during each oxidation process. The area of each of 10 peaks was found to be positively correlated (r2 ≥ 0.8) with the observed mutagenicity, suggesting that the TPs corresponding to these peaks contributed to the mutagenicity. After taking into account the consistency of mutagenicity induction by the oxidation processes and analyzing the peaks by tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 3 TPs, corresponding to 6 peaks, as candidate mutagens. These TPs were assessed by means of 4 quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, and all 3 were predicted to be mutagenic by at least one model. This result was consistent with our assumption that these TPs were mutagens. Ames assays of an authentic sample of one of the 3 TPs revealed that it did not contribute to the mutagenicity. This left 3-methoxy-4-nitrophenol and 2-[(E)-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) methylidene]amino]-5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde on the list of mutagens suspected of contributing to the mutagenicity induced by AOP. No TPs were identified as candidate mutagens responsible for the mutagenicity induced by O3/Cl and AOP/Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Shiho Honda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takanashi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takashi Kameya
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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Guan Y, Wang X, Wong M, Sun G, An T, Guo J, Zhang G. Evaluation of Genotoxic and Mutagenic Activity of Organic Extracts from Drinking Water Sources. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170454. [PMID: 28125725 PMCID: PMC5268787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of industrial, agricultural and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment lead to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming a serious global health concern. In this study, the Ames test and SOS/umu test were conducted to investigate the potential genotoxicity and mutagenicity caused by organic extracts from drinking water sources. Organic content of source water was extracted with XAD-2 resin column and organic solvents. Four doses of the extract equivalent to 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2L of source water were tested for toxicity. All the water samples were collected from six different locations in Guangdong province. The results of the Ames test and SOS/umu test showed that all the organic extracts from the water samples could induce different levels of DNA damage and mutagenic potentials at the dose of 2 L in the absence of S9 mix, which demonstrated the existence of genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Additionally, we found that Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 was more sensitive for the mutagen. Correlation analysis between genotoxicity, Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed that most individual OCPs were frame shift toxicants in drinking water sources, and there was no correlation with total OCPs and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Minghung Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taicheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemist, Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Malheiro J, Araújo P, Machado I, Lemos M, Mergulhão F, Melo L, Simões M. The Effects of Selected Brominated and Chlorinated Chemicals onPseudomonas fluorescensPlanktonic Cells and Flow-Generated Biofilms. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Malheiro
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - P. Araújo
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - I. Machado
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - M. Lemos
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology; New Museums Site; Cambridge UK
| | - F. Mergulhão
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - L. Melo
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - M. Simões
- LEPABE; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
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Zeng Q, Zhang SH, Liao J, Miao DY, Wang XY, Yang P, Yun LJ, Liu AL, Lu WQ. Evaluation of genotoxic effects caused by extracts of chlorinated drinking water using a combination of three different bioassays. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 296:23-29. [PMID: 25910456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Potential genotoxic effects of chlorinated drinking water now are of a great concern. In this study, raw water, finished water, and tap water from a water plant in Wuhan, China were collected in two different sampling times of the year (January and July). Genotoxic effects of water extracts were evaluated using a combination of three different bioassays: SOS/umu test, HGPRT gene mutation assay, and micronucleus assay, which were separately used to detect DNA damage, gene mutation, and chromosome aberration. The results of three different bioassays showed that all water samples in January and July induced at least one types of genotoxic effects, of which the DNA-damage effects were all detectable. The levels of DNA-damage effects and gene-mutation effects of finished water and tap water in January were higher than those in July. Chlorination could increase the DNA-damage effects of drinking water in January and the gene-mutation effects of drinking water in both January and July, but did not increase the chromosome-aberration effects of drinking water in both January and July. Our results highlighted the importance of using a combination of different bioassays to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Experiment Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dong-Yue Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Luo-Jia Yun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Flores C, Catita JAM, Lage OM. Assessment of planctomycetes cell viability after pollutants exposure. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:399-411. [PMID: 24903954 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the growth of six different planctomycetes, a particular ubiquitous bacterial phylum, was assessed after exposure to pollutants. In addition and for comparative purposes, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum were tested. Each microorganism was exposed to several concentrations of 21 different pollutants. After exposure, bacteria were cultivated using the drop plate method. In general, the strains exhibited a great variation of sensitivity to pollutants in the order: V. anguillarum > planctomycetes > P. putida > E. coli. E. coli showed resistance to all pollutants tested, with the exception of phenol and sodium azide. Copper, Ridomil® (fungicide), hydrazine and phenol were the most toxic pollutants. Planctomycetes were resistant to extremely high concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium but they were the only bacteria sensitive to Previcur N® (fungicide). Sodium azide affected the growth on plates of E. coli, P. putida and V. anguillarum, but not of planctomycetes. However, this compound affected planctomycetes cell respiration but with less impact than in the aforementioned bacteria. Our results provide evidence for a diverse response of bacteria towards pollutants, which may influence the structuring of microbial communities in ecosystems under stress, and provide new insights on the ecophysiology of planctomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flores
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, FC4 Rua do Campo Alegre s/nº, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Liu X, Lee J, Ji K, Takeda S, Choi K. Potentials and mechanisms of genotoxicity of six pharmaceuticals frequently detected in freshwater environment. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Oni SK, Futter MN, Molot LA, Dillon PJ. Modelling the long term impact of climate change on the carbon budget of Lake Simcoe, Ontario using INCA-C. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:387-403. [PMID: 22119036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a process-based model of dissolved organic carbon concentration ([DOC]) in catchments draining into Lake Simcoe, Ontario. INCA-C, the Integrated Catchment model for Carbon, incorporates carbon biogeochemical processes in a terrestrial system with hydrologic flow paths to simulate watershed wide [DOC]. The model successfully simulates present-day inter-annual and seasonal [DOC] dynamics in tributaries draining catchments with mixed or contrasting land cover in the Lake Simcoe watershed (LSW). The sensitivity of INCA-C to soil moisture, hydrologic controls and land uses within a watershed demonstrates its significance as a tool to explore pertinent environmental issues specific to the LSW. Projections of climate change under A1B and A2 SRES scenarios suggest a continuous monotonic increase in [DOC] in surface waters draining into Lake Simcoe. Large variations in seasonal DOC dynamics are predicted to occur during summer with a possibility of displacement of summer [DOC] maxima towards winter and a prolongation of summer [DOC] levels into the autumn. INCA-C also predicts possible increases in dissolved inorganic carbon in some tributaries with rising temperature suggesting increased CO(2) emissions from rivers as climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Oni
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough ON, Canada K9J 7B8.
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Tabrez S, Shakil S, Urooj M, Damanhouri GA, Abuzenadah AM, Ahmad M. Genotoxicity testing and biomarker studies on surface waters: an overview of the techniques and their efficacies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:250-275. [PMID: 21929382 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.601849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, use of modern agriculture practices, and fast urbanization vis-a-vis indiscriminate use of xenobiotics have led to the serious problems of water pollution in India and abroad. The complexicity of the pollutants in environmental samples demands a multitude of genotoxicity testing with increasing simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Moreover, various pollutants mutually affect their own toxic behavior, which complicates the problem of risk assessment. An overview, highlighting the genotoxicity testing system, such as Ames plate incorporation test, Ames fluctuation test, E. coli survival assay, Allium cepa toxicity/genotoxicity test, comet assay, and plasmid nicking assay, is presented in this article, and a comparison has been made to estimate the efficacy of these genotoxicity bioassays performed on some surface waters. Some work on toxicity biomarkers vis-a-vis studies on surface waters has also been included in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Xie SH, Liu AL, Chen YY, Zhang L, Zhang HJ, Jin BX, Lu WH, Li XY, Lu WQ. DNA damage and oxidative stress in human liver cell L-02 caused by surface water extracts during drinking water treatment in a waterworks in China. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:229-235. [PMID: 19844953 DOI: 10.1002/em.20537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of the daily and life-long exposure to disinfection by-products formed during drinking water treatment, potential adverse human health risk of drinking water disinfection is of great concern. Toxicological studies have shown that drinking water treatment increases the genotoxicity of surface water. Drinking water treatment is comprised of different potabilization steps, which greatly influence the levels of genotoxic products in the surface water and thus may alter the toxicity and genotoxicity of surface water. The aim of the present study was to understand the influence of specific steps on toxicity and genotoxicity during the treatment of surface water in a water treatment plant using liquid chlorine as the disinfectant in China. An integrated approach of the comet and oxidative stress assays was used in the study, and the results showed that both the prechlorination and postchlorination steps increased DNA damage and oxidative stress caused by water extracts in human derived L-02 cells while the tube settling and filtration steps had the opposite effect. This research also highlighted the usefulness of an integrated approach of the comet and oxidative stress assays in evaluating the genotoxicity of surface water during drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kanno A, Nishi I, Kishi T, Kawakami T, Takahashi Y, Onodera S. Mutagenic potentials of Amberlite XAD-2-resin extracts obtained from river and drinking waters in the Northwest district of Chiba, Japan. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:817-26. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kanno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Iwaki Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tomohiro Kishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yasuo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Sukeo Onodera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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12
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Xu C, Zhang JJ, Chen JA, Cao B, Shu WQ, Cao J. Evaluation of ovotoxicity in female mice caused by organic extracts in tap water from Jialing River in Chongqing, China. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART B, DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2009; 89:26-33. [PMID: 20035550 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, toxic effects of widespread organic pollutants have received much attention due to the hazards they pose to female reproductive health. The aim of the present study was to determine the female reproductive toxicity of organic extracts (OE) in tap water from the Jialing River in Chongqing, China. METHODS In our experiment, Kunming female mice that exhibited normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into 4 groups, which included a control group (OE 0 L/kg bw) as well as low- (OE 12.5 L/kg bw/day), mid- (OE 25 L/kg bw/day), and high-dose (OE 50 L/kg bw/day) groups. Mice were continually administered intraperitoneal injections of OE at different doses for 5 consecutive days. On the 15th and 30th day after treatments, half of the mice were sacrificed separately. RESULTS The results showed that OE decreased relative ovary weights and prolonged the duration of estrous cycle with concomitant increase in estrous phase. There was a significant decrease in the number of corpora lutea of OE-treated mice, but no significant differences were found in healthy and atretic follicle populations compared to control. Ultrastructure observation regarding granulosa cells of the ovary revealed that OE treatment caused mitochondrial swelling together with endoplasmic reticulum expansion. CONCLUSIONS All these data indicate that OE could exert adverse effects on the development of ovary and also a slight suppressive effect on reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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13
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Cao B, Ren Q, Cui Z, Li P, Cao J. Evaluation of reproductive toxicity in rats caused by organic extracts of Jialing River water of Chongqing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:357-365. [PMID: 21783965 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OECD 421 screening test protocol was used to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of organic extracts of river water. These extracts, at doses of 0, 2, 16, or 80 equivalent L/kgbody weight(bw), were administered to rats daily by oral gavage. Vacuole degeneration of seminiferous epithelium was observed in the dosed groups. The caudal sperm counts/epididymis weight and the percentages of sperm with abnormal heads were increased in the group dosed with 80L/kgbw/day compared to the control group. Exposure of rats to organic extracts at the high dose resulted in a decrease in testosterone levels. The serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone increased in the groups dosed with 16 or 80L/kgbw/day compared to the control group. The number of apoptotic spermatid increased in the dosed groups. The results suggest that the extracts cause pathological damage to testicular tissue and disruption of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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14
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Claxton LD, Pegram R, Schenck KM, Simmons JE, Warren SH. Integrated disinfection by-products research: salmonella mutagenicity of water concentrates disinfected by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:1187-1194. [PMID: 18636391 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802182508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although chemical disinfection of drinking water is a highly protective public health practice, the disinfection process is known to produce toxic contaminants. Epidemiological studies associate chlorinated drinking water with quantitatively increased risks of rectal, kidney, and bladder cancer. One study found a significant exposure-response association between water mutagenicity and relative risk for bladder and kidney cancer. A number of studies found that several types of disinfection processes increase the level of mutagens detected by the Salmonella assay. As part of a comprehensive study to examine chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated drinking water for toxicological contaminants, the Salmonella mutagenicity assay was used to screen both volatile and nonvolatile organic components. The assay also compared the use of reverse osmosis and XAD resin procedures for concentrating the nonvolatile components. Companion papers provide the results from other toxicological assays and chemical analysis of the drinking water samples. The volatile components of the ozonated/postchlorinated and chlorinated water samples and a trihalomethane mixture were mutagenic to a Salmonella tester strain transfected with a rat theta-class glutathione S-transferase and predominantly nonmutagenic in the control strain. In this study, the nonvolatile XAD concentrate of the untreated water possessed a low level of mutagenic activity. However, compared to the levels of mutagenicity in the finished water XAD concentrates, the contribution from the settled source water was minimal. The mutagenicity seen in the reverse osmosis concentrates was < 50% of that seen in the XAD concentrates. Overall, mutagenic responses were similar to those observed in other North American studies and provide evidence that the pilot plant produced disinfection by-products similar to that seen in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry D Claxton
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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15
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Genotoxicity study with special reference to DNA damage by comet assay in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe exposed to drinking water. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:402-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kutlu M, Aydoğan G, Mumcu E. Mutagenicity analysis of water samples from Seydisuyu (Kırka, Turkey) stream under the influence of boron production complex. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2064-8. [PMID: 17587479 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kirka region in Turkey is naturally high in boron content. There is also a boron production complex in our study area. Although boron was found to be neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic, mutagenicity of boron can still be discussed. In this connection, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential mutagenicity of Seydisuyu stream water in Kirka due to high boron content. Salmonella/microsome test was performed with and without metabolic activation. Total boron contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). IRA 743 extracts of water samples from four stations of Seydisuyu stream were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100, and environmental boron toxicity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kutlu
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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17
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Chandra S, Chauhan LKS, Dhawan A, Murthy RC, Gupta SK. In vivo genotoxic effects of industrial waste leachates in mice following oral exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2006; 47:325-33. [PMID: 16586500 DOI: 10.1002/em.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of ground water by industrial waste poses potential health hazards for man and his environment. The improper disposal of toxic wastes could allow genotoxic chemicals to percolate into ground waters, and these contaminated ground waters may produce toxicity, including mutation and eventually cancer, in exposed individuals. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo genotoxic potential of leachates made from three different kinds of industrial waste (tannery waste, metal-based waste, and waste containing dyes and pigments) that are disposed of in areas adjoining human habitation. Three different doses of test leachates were administered by oral gavage for 15 consecutive days to Swiss albino mice; their bone marrow cells were examined for chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and DNA damage using the alkaline Comet assay. Exposure to the leachates resulted in significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001) dose-dependent increases in chromosome and DNA damage. Fragmented chromosomes and chromatid breaks were the major CAs observed. Chemical analysis of the leachates indicated that chromium and nickel were elevated above the limits established by health organizations. The highest levels of genotoxicity were produced by the metal-based leachate and the tannery-waste leachate, while the dye-waste leachate produced weaker genotoxic responses. The cytogenetic abnormalities and DNA damage produced by the leachates indicate that humans consuming water contaminated with these materials are at increased risk of developing adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chandra
- Cell Biology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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18
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Ferraris M, Chiesara E, Radice S, Giovara A, Frigerio S, Fumagalli R, Marabini L. Study of potential toxic effects on rainbow trout hepatocytes of surface water treated with chlorine or alternative disinfectants. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 60:65-73. [PMID: 15910903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of disinfection on the formation of toxic compounds in lake water treated with sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid (a disinfectant not previously used in drinking water processes). Chlorine reacts with the natural organic matter or contaminants in surface waters and produces a complex mixture of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which have been shown to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic in animal studies. To define the potential toxicity on aquatic animals, disinfected drinking waters obtained from a pilot plant fed with water coming from Lake Trasimeno (Perugia) were collected, adsorbed by using silica C18 cartridges, and then eluted in sequence with ethylacetate, dichloromethane and methanol. The eluates were concentrated under vacuum and resuspended in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes were exposed to three amounts of water concentrate (equivalent to 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 l of disinfected water per ml of culture medium) for 24 h at 20 degrees C, after which their viability, glutathione content (GSH), free radical production (ROS) and cytochrome P4501A3 expression were determined. The disinfected water samples were collected during different seasons in order to evaluate a possible correlation between seasonal water variations and formation of toxic compounds. None of the water concentrates showed any cytotoxic effect or variations in GSH content, but significant increases in ROS production were detected in the autumn water concentrates from the treatments with sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. Cytochrome P4501A3 expression was not modified in the hepatocytes exposed to the water concentrates irrespective to the sampling season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology E. Trabucchi, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Kutlu M, Aydoğan G, Susuz F, Ozata A. The Salmonella mutagenicity of water and sediments from the Porsuk River in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2004; 17:111-116. [PMID: 21782721 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2003] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, water and sediments from the Porsuk River were investigated for their potential mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains by performing Ames test (plate incorporation assay) without metabolic activation. Different columns of XAD 4 and XAD 16 were used to fractionate the water samples. Positive results in XAD 4 extracts of water samples were obtained for TA 98 in two of these stations. Extracts of the sediment samples were assayed in five different doses of concentrations and mutagenic results were obtained for both of the two strains in different sampling sites. Total metal concentrations in the stream sediment samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) in order to explain some of these mutagenic results. The presence of mutagens causing frameshift and base-pair substitution mutations in water and sediments of the Porsuk River was suggested by the results and this mutagenicity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kutlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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20
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Lu WQ, Chen XN, Yue F, Jenter C, Gminski R, Li XY, Xie H, Mersch-Sundermann V. Studies on the in vivo and in vitro mutagenicity and the lipid peroxidation of chlorinated surface (drinking) water in rats and metabolically competent human cells. Mutat Res 2002; 513:151-7. [PMID: 11719100 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, DNA damaging and mutagenic effects of chlorinated drinking water (CDW) extracts obtained from polluted raw water resources were examined in metabolically competent human Hep G2 hepatoma cells using the in vitro micronucleus assay and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay). Additionally, the in vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) was studied in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) derived from bone marrow of CDW-treated Wistar rats. Furthermore, we examined the influence of CDW on the lipid peroxidation (LpO) in blood, liver, kidney and testicle of rats. The results demonstrated significant increases of micronucleated PCEs in the bone marrow of rats fed with relatively low CDW doses (33.3ml/kg body weight per day). Similar effects, i.e. increases of MN frequencies, were found in Hep G2 hepatoma cells after CDW treatment (41 MN/1000 binucleated cells (BNCs) for 167ml CDW) in comparison to the vehicle control (24 MN/1000 BNC). Additionally, DNA damages caused by CDW were observed in the comet assay. As a product of LpO, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly enhanced almost in all animals and organs tested after CDW treatment. In livers and serum of rats dose-dependent increases of MDA were observed. The data indicated that extracts from CDW obtained from polluted raw water were able to cause oxidative damages and to induce various biological effects in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro, i.e. clastogenicity and/or aneugenicity, DNA strand breaks and/or alkali-labile damages. The consistency of the results among the various biological systems and endpoints led to the conclusion that the consumption of chlorinated drinking water obtained from polluted raw water may enhance the body burden with mutagenic and/or carcinogenic substances and therefore, means a potential genetic hazard for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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21
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Abstract
Four doses (equivalent to 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 liter water) of organic extracts from raw, treated and drinking waters sampled from seven different treatment plants in five cities in Korea were challenged to the Ames test using S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence/absence of S9 mix. The mutagenicity was usually observed from chlorine-treated (28.6%) and drinking (42.9%) waters rather than raw (3.4%) waters. The strain TA98 (33.3%) was more sensitive to detect the mutagenicity of water samples than the strain TA100 (16.7%). However, the absence of S9 mix showed higher mutagenic activity of waters compared to the presence of S9 mix, corresponding to the detection of 42.9% and 7.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the bacterial mutagenicity of treated and drinking waters may be derived from chlorination in water treatment plants but that the mutagenicity in humans may be limited due to enzymatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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