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Desai R, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Isolated Clones of a Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line Display Variation in Radiosensitivity Following Gamma Irradiation. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221113797. [PMID: 36106056 PMCID: PMC9465601 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether the width of the shoulder and the size of the bystander effect are correlated using clonal lineages derived from a cultured cell line. Methods HCT 116 (p53 wildtype) cells were grown at cloning density and individual viable colonies were picked off and grown to establish a series of cell lines from both unirradiated and irradiated progenitors. These cell lines were then irradiated to generate full survival curves. Highly variant clones were then tested to determine the level of the bystander effect using a medium transfer protocol. Results The multi-target model gave the best fit in these experiments and size of the shoulder n is assessed in terms of radiosensitivity. The parent cell line has an n value of 1.1 while the most variant clones have n values of 0.88 (Clone G) and 5.5 (Clone A). Clonal lines subject to irradiation prior to isolation differed in bystander signal strength in comparison to clonal lines which were not initially irradiated (P = .055). Conclusions Based on these experiments we suggest there may be a link between shoulder size of a mammalian cell line and the strength of a bystander effect produced in vitro. This may have implications for radiotherapy related to out-of-field effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Desai
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Photoactivated Self-Sanitizing Chlorophyllin-Containing Coatings to Prevent Microbial Contamination in Packaged Food. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyllins are semi-synthetic porphyrins obtained from chlorophyll that—when exposed to visible light—generate radical oxygen substances with antimicrobial activity. In this work, chlorophyllins incorporated with polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC), and gelatin (G) were formulated for application as coatings in packages providing antimicrobial activity after photoactivation. First, the antimicrobial properties of two porphyrins (sodium magnesium chlorophyllin, E-140, and sodium copper chlorophyllin, E-141) were analyzed against L. monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The results indicated that E-140 was more active than E-141 and that chlorophyllins were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, both chlorophyllins were more efficient when irradiated with halogen lamps than with LEDs, and they were inactive in dark conditions. Then, coatings on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film were prepared, and their effect against the test bacteria was similar to that shown previously with pure chlorophyllins, i.e., greater activity in films containing E-140. Among the coating matrices, those based on PE presented the least effect (1 log reduction), whereas PVOH, HPMC, and G were lethal (7 log reduction). The self-sanitizing effect of these coatings was also analyzed by contaminating the surface of the coatings and irradiating them through the PET surface, which showed high efficiency, although the activity of the coatings was limited to L. monocytogenes. Finally, coated films were applied as separators of bologna slices. After irradiation, all the films showed count reductions of L. monocytogenes and the usual microbial load; the gelatin coating was the most effective, with an average of 3 log reduction.
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Wityk P, Wieczór M, Makurat S, Chomicz-Mańka L, Czub J, Rak J. Dominant Pathways of Adenosyl Radical-Induced DNA Damage Revealed by QM/MM Metadynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:6415-6423. [PMID: 29117674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brominated nucleobases sensitize double stranded DNA to hydrated electrons, one of the dominant genotoxic species produced in hypoxic cancer cells during radiotherapy. Such radiosensitizers can therefore be administered locally to enhance treatment efficiency within the solid tumor while protecting the neighboring tissue. When a solvated electron attaches to 8-bromoadenosine, a potential sensitizer, the dissociation of bromide leads to a reactive C8 adenosyl radical known to generate a range of DNA lesions. In the current work, we propose a multiscale computational approach to elucidate the mechanism by which this unstable radical causes further damage in genomic DNA. We employed a combination of classical molecular dynamics conformational sampling and QM/MM metadynamics to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of plausible reaction pathways in a realistic model, bridging between different time scales of the key processes and accounting for the spatial constraints in DNA. The obtained data allowed us to build a kinetic model that correctly predicts the products predominantly observed in experimental settings-cyclopurine and β-elimination (single strand break) lesions-with their ratio and yield dependent on the effective lifetime of the radical species. To date, our study provides the most complete description of purine radical reactivity in double stranded DNA, explaining the radiosensitizing action of electrophilic purines in molecular detail as well as providing a conceptual framework for the computational modeling of competing reaction pathways in biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wityk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Samanta Makurat
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz-Mańka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Savic Veselinovic M, Pavkovic-Lucic S, Kurbalija Novicic Z, Jelic M, Stamenkovic-Radak M, Andjelkovic M. Mating behavior as an indicator of quality of Drosophila subobscura males? INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:122-132. [PMID: 26235310 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to current theoretical predictions, any deleterious mutations that reduce nonsexual fitness may have a negative influence on mating success. This means that sexual selection may remove deleterious mutations from the populations. Males of good genetic quality should be more successful in mating, compared to the males of lower genetic quality. As mating success is a condition dependent trait, large fractions of the genome may be a target of sexual selection and many behavioral traits are likely to be condition dependent. We manipulated the genetic quality of Drosophila subobscura males by inducing mutations with ionizing radiation and observed the effects of the obtained heterozygous mutations on male mating behavior: courtship occurrence, courtship latency, mating occurrence, latency to mating and duration of mating. We found possible effects of mutations. Females mated more frequently with male progeny of nonirradiated males and that these males courted females faster compared to the male progeny of irradiated males. Our findings indicate a possible important role of sexual selection in purging deleterious mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mihailo Jelic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Stamenkovic-Radak
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Andjelkovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Prokop ZM, Prus MA, Gaczorek TS, Sychta K, Palka JK, Plesnar-Bielak A, Skarboń M. Do males pay for sex? Sex-specific selection coefficients suggest not. Evolution 2017; 71:650-661. [PMID: 27943275 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia M. Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Monika A. Prus
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Tomasz S. Gaczorek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Karolina Sychta
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna K. Palka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Agata Plesnar-Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Magdalena Skarboń
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
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Grieshop K, Stångberg J, Martinossi-Allibert I, Arnqvist G, Berger D. Strong sexual selection in males against a mutation load that reduces offspring production in seed beetles. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1201-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Grieshop
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Stångberg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - G. Arnqvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - D. Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Power DJ, Holman L. Assessing the alignment of sexual and natural selection using radiomutagenized seed beetles. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1039-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Power
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - L. Holman
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
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Almbro M, Simmons LW. SEXUAL SELECTION CAN REMOVE AN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED MUTATION LOAD. Evolution 2013; 68:295-300. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almbro
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); The University of Western Australia; Crawley 6009 Australia
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); The University of Western Australia; Crawley 6009 Australia
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Luksiene Z, Paskeviciute E. Reprint of: Novel approach to decontaminate food-packaging from pathogens in non-thermal and not chemical way: Chlorophyllin-based photosensitization. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Luksiene Z, Paskeviciute E. Novel approach to decontaminate food-packaging from pathogens in non-thermal and not chemical way: Chlorophyllin-based photosensitization. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuchma O, Vornam B, Finkeldey R. Mutation rates in scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Chernobyl exclusion zone evaluated with amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellite markers. Mutat Res 2011; 725:29-35. [PMID: 21782970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a strong mutagenic factor and, accordingly, elevated mutation rates would be expected in plants exposed to high chronic or acute radiation after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Somatic mutations were analyzed in pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted before and after the Chernobyl accident and in control material of the same origin planted in sites with natural radiation. Microsatellites (SSRs) and amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were investigated. The mutation rates for microsatellites were estimated as 2.8 × 10(-4)-7.1 × 10(-4) per locus for different irradiated tree populations; no mutations were detected in the controls. In the case of AFLPs, the observed mutation rates were 3.74 × 10(-3) -3.99 × 10(-3) and 1.06 × 10(-3) per locus for contaminated and control areas, respectively. Thus a statistically highly significant three-fold increase in number of mutations was found by the use of AFLP markers, indicating that ionizing radiation causes strong DNA damage across the entire genome and that AFLPs may be the appropriate marker system for this kind of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Kuchma
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Büsgen Institute, Georg-August University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Pekkala N, Puurtinen M, Kotiaho JS. Sexual selection for genetic quality: disentangling the roles of male and female behaviour. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu SX, Cao J, An H, Shun HM, Yang LJ, Liu Y. Analysis of spontaneous, gamma ray- and ethylnitrosourea-induced hprt mutants in HL-60 cells with multiplex PCR. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:578-83. [PMID: 12632522 PMCID: PMC4621586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the molecular spectra and mechanism of human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) gene mutation induced by ethyluitrosourea (ENU) and 60Co γ-rays.
METHODS: Independent human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) mutants at the hprt locus were isolated from untreated, ethyluitrosourea (ENU) and 60Co γ-ray-exposed cells, respectively, and verified by two-way screening. The genetic changes underlying the mutation were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and electrophoresis technique.
RESULTS: With dosage increased, survival rate of plated cell reduced (in the group with dosage of ENU with 100-200 μg/mL, P < 0.01; in the group with dosage of 60Co γ-ray with 2-4 Gy, P < 0.05) and mutational frequency increased (in the group of ENU 12.5-200.0 μg/mL, P < 0.05; in the group of 60Co γ-ray with 1-4 Gy, P < 0.05) significantly. In the 13 spontaneous mutants analyzed, 92.3% of mutant clones did not show any change in number or size of exon, a single exon was lost in 7.7%, and no evidence indicated total gene deletion occurred in nine hprt exons. However, deletions were found in 79.7% of ENU-induced mutations (62.5%-89.4%, P < 0.01) and in 61.7% of gamma-ray-induced mutations (28.6%-76.5%, P < 0.01). There were deletion mutations in all 9 exons of hprt gene and the most of induced mutations were chain deletion with multiplex exons (97.9% in gamma-ray-induced mutants, 88.1% in ENU-induced mutants).
CONCLUSION: The spectra of spontaneous mutations differs completely from that induced by EUN or 60Co γ-ray. Although both ENU and γ-ray can cause destruction of genetic structure, mechanism of mutagenesis between them may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xue Liu
- Department of Healath Toxicology, Preventive Medical College, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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