1
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Zhuo GY, Banik S, Kao FJ, Ahmed GA, Kakoty NM, Mazumder N, Gogoi A. An insight into optical beam induced current microscopy: Concepts and applications. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3495-3513. [PMID: 35920023 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Laser scanning optical beam induced current (OBIC) microscopy has become a powerful and nondestructive alternative to other complicated methods like electron beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy, for high resolution defect analysis of electronic devices. OBIC is based on the generation of electron-hole pairs in the sample due to the raster scanning of a focused laser beam with energy equal or greater than the band gap energy and synchronized detection of resultant current profile with respect to the beam positions. OBIC is particularly suitable to localize defect sites caused by metal-semiconductor interdiffusion or electrostatic discharge (ESD). OBIC signals, thus, are capable of revealing the parameters/factors directly related to the reliability and efficiency of the electronic device under test (DUT). In this review, the basic principles of OBIC microscopy strategies and their notable applications in semiconductor device characterization are elucidated. An overview on the developments of OBIC microscopy is also presented. Specifically, the recent progresses on the following three OBIC measurement strategies have been reviewed, which include continuous laser based single photon OBIC, pulsed laser based single photon OBIC, and multiphoton OBIC microscopy for three-dimensional mapping of photocurrent response of electronic devices at high spatiotemporal resolution. Challenges and future prospects of OBIC in characterizing complex electronic devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Soumyabrata Banik
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gazi A Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Nayan M Kakoty
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ankur Gogoi
- Department of Physics, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat, India
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2
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Abstract
On the basis of earlier results with furan and thiophene derivatives of benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene, photocatalytic oxygenation of novel furo- and thieno heterostilbenes with water-soluble manganese(III) porphyrins offered suitable possibilities to study their reactivities and reaction pathways depending on the heteroatom and the catalyst charge. The experiments were carried out in two reactors types (batch and microflow) to investigate the geometric effects. NMR spectroscopy, GC, and UPLC/MS analyses were applied for identification and quantification of the products. As our results indicated, the 2-thienyl and the common p-tolyl groups in the starting compounds remained intact due to their stronger aromaticity. Hence, the thieno derivative underwent oxygenation only at the open-chain part of the molecule, and the rates of its reactions were much lower than those of the furyl analogue. The less stable furan ring was easily oxygenated, its products with highest ratios were 2-furanon derivatives. Epoxide formation occurred at the open-chain parts of both substrates preferably by the anionic catalyst. Nevertheless, the conversion rates of the substrates were higher with the cationic porphyrin, according to electrophilic attacks by photogenerated Mn(V)=O species. Additionally, the reactions were significantly faster in microflow reactors due to the more favorable circumstances of mass transfer, diffusion, and light penetration.
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Wau JS, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Solar Photooxygenations for the Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals-Technologies and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:1685. [PMID: 33802876 PMCID: PMC8002662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photooxygenation reactions involving singlet oxygen (1O2) are utilized industrially as a mild and sustainable access to oxygenated products. Due to the usage of organic dyes as photosensitizers, these transformations can be successfully conducted using natural sunlight. Modern solar chemical reactors enable outdoor operations on the demonstration (multigram) to technical (multikilogram) scales and have subsequently been employed for the manufacturing of fine chemicals such as fragrances or biologically active compounds. This review will highlight examples of solar photooxygenations for the manufacturing of industrially relevant target compounds and will discuss current challenges and opportunities of this sustainable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson S. Wau
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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4
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New planar light source for the induction and monitoring of photodynamic processes in vitro. J Biol Phys 2020; 46:121-131. [PMID: 32170534 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a new light source that allows for the continuous monitoring of light-induced changes using common spectrophotometric devices adapted for microplate analyses. This source was designed primarily to induce photodynamic processes in cell models. Modern light components, such as LED chips, were used to improve the irradiance homogeneity. In addition, this source forms a small hermetic chamber and thus allows for the regulation of the surrounding atmosphere, which plays a significant role in these light-dependent reactions. The efficacy of the new light source was proven via kinetic measurements of reactive oxygen species generated during the photodynamic reaction of chloroaluminium phthalocyanine disulfonate (ClAlPcS2) in three cell lines: human melanoma cells (G361), human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7), and human fibroblasts (BJ).
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Pu X, Zhang B, Su Y. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Microreactors for Efficient Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline: Mechanisms and Energy Efficiency. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
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6
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Shvydkiv O, Jähnisch K, Steinfeldt N, Yavorskyy A, Oelgemöller M. Visible-light photooxygenation of α-terpinene in a falling film microreactor. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Sergejevs A, Clarke CT, Allsopp DWE, Marugan J, Jaroenworaluck A, Singhapong W, Manpetch P, Timmers R, Casado C, Bowen CR. A calibrated UV-LED based light source for water purification and characterisation of photocatalysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1690-1699. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis can become a cost effective industrial process for water cleaning. This paper describes the design and performance of a novel LED-based light engine for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sergejevs
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - C. T. Clarke
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - D. W. E. Allsopp
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | | | - A. Jaroenworaluck
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)
- Pathum Thani 12120
- Thailand
| | - W. Singhapong
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)
- Pathum Thani 12120
- Thailand
| | - P. Manpetch
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)
- Pathum Thani 12120
- Thailand
| | | | - C. Casado
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. R. Bowen
- Materials and Structures
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Bath
- UK
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Kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer reactions of ruthenium(II) complexes and phenols, tyrosine, N-acetyl-tyrosine and tryptophan in aqueous solutions measured with modulated fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 166:28-34. [PMID: 27855305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photooxidation kinetics of phenol, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, tyrosine (TyrOH) and N-acetyl-tyrosine (AcTyrOH), tryptophan (TrpH) by ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 (1), [Ru(phen)3]Cl2 (2), [Ru(bpy)(phen)(bpg)]Cl2 (3), and [Ru(dpq)2(bxbg)]Cl2 (4) where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, phen - 1,10-phenanthroline, bpg - bipyridine-glycoluril, dpq - dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline, and bxbg - bis(o-xylene)bipyridine-glycoluril are investigated. Rate constants have been measured by steady-state luminescence and phase-modulation fluorometry in aqueous solutions at different pH's. The rates for the oxidation of the phenols and phenolic aromatic amino acids spreads over a wide range from 4.2×106 to 6.8×109M-1s-1, depending on pH and the nature of solutes. At pH>pKa of the quenchers, the presence of reactive species (PhO-) in the alkaline solutions is accounted for the rapid ET rates. In the pH range between 4 and 10 (pH<pKa), the ETPT mechanism becomes dominate and the rate constants are relatively low. It reveals that the important parameters that influence the quenching reaction rates, others than the driving forces ∆G0 are the steric and hydrophobic interactions arising from the structure of the compounds. This is clearly seen in the case of photoreaction between the Ru(phen)32+ complex and AcTyrOH. Phen ligands and acetyl group cause a steric effect, but strengthen the hydrophobic interactions and thus promote the quenching process. The pH-dependent equation of the observed rate constant for PhOH/AcTyrOH oxidation is expressed as a sum of rates for its protonated, neutral and deprotonated forms.
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9
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Oelgemöller M. Solar Photochemical Synthesis: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to the Solar Manufacturing of Commodity Chemicals. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9664-82. [PMID: 27181285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural sunlight offers a cost-efficient and sustainable energy source for photochemical reactions. In contrast to the lengthy and small-scale "flask in the sun" procedures of the past, modern solar concentrator systems nowadays significantly shorten reaction times and enable technical-scale operations. After a brief historical introduction, this review presents the most important solar reactor types and their successful application in preparative solar syntheses. The examples demonstrate that solar manufacturing of fine chemicals is technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. After over 100 years, Ciamician's prophetic vision of "the photochemistry of the future" as a clean and green manufacturing methodology has yet to be realized. At the same time, his warning "for nature is not in a hurry but mankind is" is still valid today. It is hoped that this review will lead to a renewed interest in this truly enlightening technology, that it will stimulate photochemists and photochemical engineers to "go back to the roots onto the roofs" and that it will ultimately result in industrial applications in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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10
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Landgraf S. Time-Resolved Fluorescence HPLC Detection Using Semiconductor Light Sources: Principles and Applications. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Su Y, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Photochemical transformations accelerated in continuous-flow reactors: basic concepts and applications. Chemistry 2014; 20:10562-89. [PMID: 25056280 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry is used increasingly by researchers in academia and industry to facilitate photochemical processes and their subsequent scale-up. However, without detailed knowledge concerning the engineering aspects of photochemistry, it can be quite challenging to develop a suitable photochemical microreactor for a given reaction. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of both technological and chemical aspects associated with photochemical processes in microreactors. Important design considerations, such as light sources, material selection, and solvent constraints are discussed. In addition, a detailed description of photon and mass-transfer phenomena in microreactors is made and fundamental principles are deduced for making a judicious choice for a suitable photomicroreactor. The advantages of microreactor technology for photochemistry are described for UV and visible-light driven photochemical processes and are compared with their batch counterparts. In addition, different scale-up strategies and limitations of continuous-flow microreactors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2 (STW 1.48), 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands) http://www.tue.nl/staff/T.Noel
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13
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Macka M, Piasecki T, Dasgupta PK. Light-emitting diodes for analytical chemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:183-207. [PMID: 24818811 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are playing increasingly important roles in analytical chemistry, from the final analysis stage to photoreactors for analyte conversion to actual fabrication of and incorporation in microdevices for analytical use. The extremely fast turn-on/off rates of LEDs have made possible simple approaches to fluorescence lifetime measurement. Although they are increasingly being used as detectors, their wavelength selectivity as detectors has rarely been exploited. From their first proposed use for absorbance measurement in 1970, LEDs have been used in analytical chemistry in too many ways to make a comprehensive review possible. Hence, we critically review here the more recent literature on their use in optical detection and measurement systems. Cloudy as our crystal ball may be, we express our views on the future applications of LEDs in analytical chemistry: The horizon will certainly become wider as LEDs in the deep UV with sufficient intensity become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirek Macka
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science and School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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14
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Kanakaraju D, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6836-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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15
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Khanasa T, Jantasing N, Morada S, Leesakul N, Tarsang R, Namuangruk S, Kaewin T, Jungsuttiwong S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis and Characterization of 2D-D-π-A-Type Organic Dyes Bearing Bis(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-ylphenyl)aniline as Donor Moiety for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Shvydkiv O, Limburg C, Nolan K, Oelgemöller M. Synthesis of Juglone (5-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone) in a Falling Film Microreactor. J Flow Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jfchem.2012.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Leesakul N, Pongampai S, Kanatharana P, Sudkeaw P, Tantirungrotechai Y, Buranachai C. A new screening method for flunitrazepam in vodka and tequila by fluorescence spectroscopy. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:76-83. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nararak Leesakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemisty, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai; Songkhla; 90112; Thailand
| | - Sirintip Pongampai
- Department of Forensic Science, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat-Yai; Songkhla; 90112; Thailand
| | | | - Pravit Sudkeaw
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemisty, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai; Songkhla; 90112; Thailand
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18
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Yoopensuk S, Tongying P, Hansongnern K, Pakawatchai C, Saithong S, Tantirungrotechai Y, Leesakul N. Photoactive azoimine dyes: 4-(2-pyridylazo)-N,N-diethylaniline and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-N,N-dimethylaniline: computational and experimental investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 86:538-546. [PMID: 22137011 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
4-(2-Pyridylazo)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-N,N-diethylaniline, two photoactive azoimine dyes, were prepared from the reaction of 2-aminopyridine with N,N-dialkyl-1,4-nitrosoaniline at room temperature. Structural characterizations of these dyes using single crystal X-ray diffraction, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy have been carried out. The X-ray structure indicates a trans configuration around the azo group. The photochemical behavior of these compounds differs from that of 2-phenylazopyridine, the non-dialkylamino substituent compound. The synthesized compounds show emission spectra at room temperature while 2-phenylazopyridine does not. The excitation spectra of these compounds differ from their absorption spectra which can be explained on the basis of the trans to cis photoisomerization which is supported by the TD-PBE0/6-31G(d,p) calculations. Both oxidation of the dialkylamino substituents (-NR(2); R=-CH(3) and -C(2)H(5)) and reduction of -N=N-/-N=N-(-) and -N=N-(-)/-N=N-(2-) were observed in the cyclic voltammogram indicating a π-acidity of both dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthirat Yoopensuk
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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19
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Gombár M, Józsa É, Braun M, Ősz K. Construction of a photochemical reactor combining a CCD spectrophotometer and a LED radiation source. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1592-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Jahjah R, Gassama A, Dumur F, Marinković S, Richert S, Landgraf S, Lebrun A, Cadiou C, Sellès P, Hoffmann N. Photochemical Electron Transfer Mediated Addition of Naphthylamine Derivatives to Electron-Deficient Alkenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7104-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201080m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Landgraf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 6229 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | | | - Patrice Sellès
- Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
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Onitsch C, Rosspeintner A, Angulo G, Griesser M, Kivala M, Frank B, Diederich F, Gescheidt G. Donor-Substituted Diphenylacetylene Derivatives Act as Electron Donors and Acceptors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5628-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2005022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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23
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Shvydkiv O, Yavorskyy A, Tan SB, Nolan K, Hoffmann N, Youssef A, Oelgemöller M. Microphotochemistry: a reactor comparison study using the photosensitized addition of isopropanol to furanones as a model reaction. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1399-404. [PMID: 21336374 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three types of micro-photoreactor setups were investigated using DMBP-sensitized additions of isopropanol to furanones as model reactions. The results were compared to experiments using a conventional batch reactor. Based on conversion rates, reactor geometries and energy efficiency calculations the microsystems showed superior performances over the batch process. Of the three micro setups examined, the LED-driven microchip gave the best overall results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shvydkiv
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Ireland
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24
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Shvydkiv O, Yavorskyy A, Nolan K, Youssef A, Riguet E, Hoffmann N, Oelgemöller M. Photosensitized addition of isopropanol to furanones in a 365 nm UV-LED microchip. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1601-3. [PMID: 20931135 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DMBP-sensitized addition of isopropanol to furanones was studied in a novel LED-driven microchip reactor. Complete conversions were achieved after just 2.5 to 5 min of irradiation with 6 × 365 nm high-power LEDs. The results were compared to analogous experiments using a conventional batch reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shvydkiv
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Bohoyo Gil D, Rodriguez-Cáceres MI, Hurtado-Sánchez MDC, Muñoz de la Peña A. Fluorescent determination of Hg2+ in water and fish samples using a chemodosimeter based in a Rhodamine 6G derivative and a portable fiber-optic spectrofluorimeter. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:520-527. [PMID: 20482971 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791211600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A fluorimetric chemodosimeter (FC1), based on a Rhodamine 6G derivative, is proposed for the recognition of Hg(2+) ions in water and fish samples. The reagent shows a highly selective and sensitive reaction with Hg(2+), giving rise to strong fluorescence emission at 555 nm. The obvious color change of the solution from colorless to pink upon the addition of Hg(2+) demonstrates that FC1 can be used for "naked-eye" detection of Hg(2+) in water effluents. The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the amount of Hg(2+) at ng mL(-1) levels, and it is capable of distinguishing between safe and toxic levels of inorganic mercury in drinking water and fish samples. The procedure has been implemented in a portable instrument composed of a 515 nm light-emitting diode (LED) excitation source, two fiber optics, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera as detector, connected to a portable computer for data acquisition and analysis, intended for in situ determination of mercury, offering a viable alternative to a conventional spectrofluorimeter. The proposed method has been applied to different water and fish samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bohoyo Gil
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (INTAEX), 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Rosspeintner A, Angulo G, Onitsch C, Kivala M, Diederich F, Grampp G, Gescheidt G. Photophysics of two Prototypical Molecular-Wire Building Blocks: Solvent-Induced Conformational Dynamics? Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1700-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200901005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Grampp G, Justinek M, Landgraf S, Angulo G, Lukzen N. Viscosity dependence of rubrene fluorescence quenching by organic radicals via energy transfer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1595-602. [DOI: 10.1039/b902433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rosspeintner A, Kattnig DR, Angulo G, Landgraf S, Grampp G. The Rehm-Weller experiment in view of distant electron transfer. Chemistry 2008; 14:6213-21. [PMID: 18506871 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The driving-force dependence of bimolecular fluorescence quenching by electron transfer in solution, the Rehm-Weller experiment, is revisited. One of the three long-standing unsolved questions about the features of this experiment is carefully analysed here, that is, is there a diffusional plateau? New experimental quenching rates are compiled for a single electron donor, 2,5-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile, and eighteen electron acceptors in acetonitrile. The data are analysed in the framework of differential encounter theory by using an extended version of the Marcus theory to model the intrinsic electron-transfer step. Only by including the hydrodynamic effect and the solvent structure can the experimental findings be well modelled. The diffusional control region, the "plateau", reveals the inherent distance dependence of the reaction, which is shown to be a general feature of electron transfer in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosspeintner
- Graz University of Technology, Technikerstrasse 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Coyle EE, Oelgemöller M. Micro-photochemistry: photochemistry in microstructured reactors. The new photochemistry of the future? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1313-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b808778d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rosspeintner A, Kattnig DR, Angulo G, Landgraf S, Grampp G, Cuetos A. On the Coherent Description of Diffusion-Influenced Fluorescence Quenching Experiments. Chemistry 2007; 13:6474-83. [PMID: 17492696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching by electron transfer of a fluorophore, 2,5-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile, to 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene, has been studied by means of time-resolved and steady-state experiments at different viscosities and up to large quencher concentrations. Differential Encounter Theory (DET) has been used to rationalize the results, in combination with electron transfer modelled by the Marcus theory. Additionally, the solvent structure and the hydrodynamic effect on the diffusion coefficient have been taken into account. Any simpler model failed to simultaneously fit all the results. The large number of quencher concentrations used is crucial to unambiguously extract the electron transfer parameters.
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Kreisel G, Meyer S, Tietze D, Fidler T, Gorges R, Kirsch A, Schäfer B, Rau S. Leuchtdioden in der Chemie – Eine Hochzeit verschiedener Technologien. CHEM-ING-TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chiang YP, Liang YY, Chang CN, Chao AC. Differentiating ozone direct and indirect reactions on decomposition of humic substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:2395-400. [PMID: 16784769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ozonation reaction is accomplished into two pathways: direct ozone oxidation and indirect free hydroxyl radical oxidation. Both reactions are proceeding simultaneously, thus, it is difficult to separate them and study their respective reaction mechanisms. Carbonate and bicarbonate react with free radicals that will effectively inhibit the indirect free radical oxidation without affecting the direct oxidation reaction. The feasibility of using these chemicals as scavengers to inhibit the hydroxyl radicals so that the direct ozone oxidation reaction and indirect free hydroxyl radical oxidation reaction can be differentiated is presented in this paper. The results will assist in achieving a better understanding of the ozone reaction mechanism in oxidizing organic substances. In this study, synthetic samples made of commercially available humic substance are used to carry out the inhibited and non-inhibited ozone oxidation experiments. The intersecting point of the ORP (oxidation reduction potential) time series curves of the inhibited and un-inhibited reactions, occurring at 120s after the onset of the oxidation reaction, marks the turning point at which all added scavenger chemicals have been completely exhausted. Based on the measured A(254) values, percentage distributions of direct ozone oxidation and indirect hydroxyl radical oxidation are estimated. The results indicate that the contribution of indirect reaction decreases with increasing amounts of inhibiting scavengers. The on-line ORP measurement results are simulated using a modified form of the Nernst equation expressed as ORP=11852-1196 pH+130 ln [(A(254,0)-A(254,t))(A(254,t))(-1)] with R(2) value of 0.99. In this equation, A(254) is the absorbance at 254 nm used to index the humic substance concentration while subscript 0 and t denote the initial and the final time, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pei Chiang
- Department of Environmental Science, Tunghai University, Box 819, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, ROC
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Rosspeintner A, Angulo G, Weiglhofer M, Landgraf S, Grampp G. Photophysical properties of 2,6-dicyano-N,N,N ′,N ′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Esposito A, Gerritsen HC, Oggier T, Lustenberger F, Wouters FS. Innovating lifetime microscopy: a compact and simple tool for life sciences, screening, and diagnostics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:34016. [PMID: 16822066 DOI: 10.1117/1.2208999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allows the investigation of the physicochemical environment of fluorochromes and protein-protein interaction mapping by Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in living cells. However, simpler and cheaper solutions are required before this powerful analytical technique finds a broader application in the life sciences. Wide-field frequency-domain FLIM represents a solution whose application is currently limited by the need for multichannel-plate image intensifiers. We recently showed the feasibility of using a charge-coupled device/complementory metal-oxide semiconductor (CCD/CMOS) hybrid lock-in imager, originally developed for 3-D vision, as an add-on device for lifetime measurements on existing wide-field microscopes. In the present work, the performance of the setup is validated by comparison with well-established wide-field frequency-domain FLIM measurements. Furthermore, we combine the lock-in imager with solid-state light sources. This results in a simple, inexpensive, and compact FLIM system, operating at a video rate and capable of single-shot acquisition by virtue of the unique parallel retrieval of two phase-dependent images. This novel FLIM setup is used for cellular and FRET imaging, and for high-throughput and fast imaging applications. The all-solid-state design bridges the technological gap that limits the use of FLIM in areas such as drug discovery and medical diagnostics.
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vandeVen M, Ameloot M, Valeur B, Boens N. Pitfalls and Their Remedies in Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy. J Fluoresc 2005; 15:377-413. [PMID: 15986159 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-2632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy in both time and frequency domains provide very useful and accurate information on dynamic processes. Good quality data are essential in obtaining reliable parameter estimates. Distortions of the fluorescence response due to artifacts may have disastrous consequences. We provide here a concise overview of potential difficulties encountered under daily laboratory circumstances in the use of time- and frequency-domain equipment as well as practical remedies against common error conditions, elucidated with several graphs to aid the researcher in visual inspection and quality-control of collected data. A range of artifacts due to sample preparation or to optical and electronic pitfalls are discussed, as are remedies against them. Also recommended data analysis strategies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin vandeVen
- Biomedisch Onderzoeksinstituut, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Landgraf S. Use of ultrabright LEDs for the determination of static and time-resolved florescence information of liquid and solid crude oil samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:125-34. [PMID: 15560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrabright light emitting diodes (LEDs) are an inexpensive alternative to laser diodes (LDs) and other short wavelength emitting light sources. They have a high stability, a long lifetime, and a very low power consumption. A large number of publications are already available for fluorescence applications using this type of LEDs. Most of them are describing fluorescence intensity measurements. Only some of them are dealing with time-resolved methods, like single photon timing. LED modulation fluorometry is a very recent application, which can also be used for environmental investigations, like the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This article demonstrates the possible application of ultrabright LEDs for the time-resolved fluorescence detection of crude oil contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Landgraf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Technikerstrasse 4/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Agbaria RA, Oldham PB, McCarroll M, McGown LB, Warner IM. Molecular fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence spectrometry. Anal Chem 2002; 74:3952-62. [PMID: 12199560 DOI: 10.1021/ac020299z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rezik A Agbaria
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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