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Fernández S, Grafia I, Peyrony O, Canet E, Vigneron C, Monet C, Issa N, Decavele M, Moreau AS, Lautrette A, Lacave G, Morel G, Cadoz C, Argaud L, Statlender L, Azem K, Quenot JP, Lesieur O, Fernández J, Farrero M, Marcos MÁ, Lemiale V, Castro P, Azoulay É. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised critically ill patients with cytomegalovirus end-organ disease: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Crit Care 2024; 28:243. [PMID: 39014504 PMCID: PMC11251242 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with cellular immune deficiencies is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, data on CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD) in critically ill, immunocompromised patients are scarce. Our objective here was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CMV-EOD in this population. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, international, retrospective, observational study in adults who had CMV-EOD and were admitted to any of 18 intensive care units (ICUs) in France, Israel, and Spain in January 2010-December 2021. Patients with AIDS were excluded. We collected the clinical characteristics and outcomes of each patient. Survivors and non-survivors were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for hospital mortality. RESULTS We studied 185 patients, including 80 (43.2%) with hematologic malignancies, 55 (29.7%) with solid organ transplantation, 31 (16.8%) on immunosuppressants, 16 (8.6%) with solid malignancies, and 3 (1.6%) with primary immunodeficiencies. The most common CMV-EOD was pneumonia (n = 115, [62.2%] including 55 [47.8%] with a respiratory co-pathogen), followed by CMV gastrointestinal disease (n = 64 [34.6%]). More than one organ was involved in 16 (8.8%) patients. Histopathological evidence was obtained for 10/115 (8.7%) patients with pneumonia and 43/64 (67.2%) with GI disease. Other opportunistic infections were diagnosed in 69 (37.3%) patients. Hospital mortality was 61.4% overall and was significantly higher in the group with hematologic malignancies (75% vs. 51%, P = 0.001). Factors independently associated with higher hospital mortality were hematologic malignancy with active graft-versus-host disease (OR 5.02; 95% CI 1.15-27.30), CMV pneumonia (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.13-6.03), lymphocytes < 0.30 × 109/L at diagnosis of CMV-EOD (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.05-5.69), worse SOFA score at ICU admission (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.04-1.35), and older age (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01-1.07). CONCLUSIONS Mortality was high in critically ill, immunocompromised patients with CMV-EOD and varied considerably with the cause of immunodeficiency and organ involved by CMV. Three of the four independent risk factors identified here are also known to be associated with higher mortality in the absence of CMV-EOD. CMV pneumonia was rarely proven by histopathology and was the most severe CMV-EOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - Ignacio Grafia
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Peyrony
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Canet
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Clara Vigneron
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Clément Monet
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, St-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nahéma Issa
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint André, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxens Decavele
- Medical Intensive Care Unit (Department R3S), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- INSERM Research Unit UMRS1158, Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Lautrette
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Jean Perrin Oncology Institut and Montpied Teaching Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Lacave
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Versailles Hospital Center, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Guillaume Morel
- Hematology Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Cadoz
- Réanimation Polyvalente, CHR Metz-Thionville Hôpital de Mercy, Metz, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Liran Statlender
- General Intensive Care Unit, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karam Azem
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Anesthesiology Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- Deparment of Intensive Care, Burgundy University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Lesieur
- Intensive Care Unit, La Rochelle General Hospital, La Rochelle, France
| | - Javier Fernández
- Liver Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- EF-Clif, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Farrero
- Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Marcos
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virgine Lemiale
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Pedro Castro
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Élie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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2
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Ren J, Xu J, Sun J, Wu X, Yang X, Nie C, Lan L, Zeng Y, Zheng X, Li J, Lin Q, Hu J, Yang T. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus and bloodstream infection and its impact on early survival after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicentre retrospective study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405652. [PMID: 38962143 PMCID: PMC11219566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus reactivation (CMVr) and bloodstream infections (BSI) are the most common infectious complications in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Both are associated with great high morbidity whilst the BSI is the leading cause of mortality. This retrospective study evaluated the incidence of CMVr and BSI, identified associated risk factors, assessed their impact on survival in allo-HSCT recipients during the first 100 days after transplantation. The study comprised 500 allo-HSCT recipients who were CMV DNA-negative and CMV IgG-positive before allo-HSCT. Amongst them, 400 developed CMVr and 75 experienced BSI within 100 days after allo-HSCT. Multivariate regression revealed that graft failure and acute graft-versus-host disease were significant risk factors for poor prognosis, whereas CMVr or BSI alone were not. Amongst all 500 patients, 56 (14%) developed both CMVr and BSI in the 100 days after HSCT, showing significantly reduced 6-month overall survival (p = 0.003) and long-term survival (p = 0.002). Specifically, in the initial post-transplant phase (within 60 days), BSI significantly elevate mortality risk, However, patients who survive BSI during this critical period subsequently experience a lower mortality risk. Nevertheless, the presence of CMVr in patients with BSI considerably diminishes their long-term survival prospects. This study provides real-world data on the impact of CMVr and BSI following transplantation on survival, particularly in regions such as China, where the prevalence of CMV IgG-positivity is high. The findings underscore the necessity for devising and executing focused prevention and early management strategies for CMVr and BSI to enhance outcomes for allo-HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ren
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhu Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengjun Nie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Ningde Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Lingqiong Lan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Yanling Zeng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxian Lin
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Crawford LB. Hematopoietic stem cells and betaherpesvirus latency. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1189805. [PMID: 37346032 PMCID: PMC10279960 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1189805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human betaherpesviruses including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus (HHV)-6a and HHV-6b, and HHV-7 infect and establish latency in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs). The diverse repertoire of HPCs in humans and the complex interactions between these viruses and host HPCs regulate the viral lifecycle, including latency. Precise manipulation of host and viral factors contribute to preferential maintenance of the viral genome, increased host cell survival, and specific manipulation of the cellular environment including suppression of neighboring cells and immune control. The dynamic control of these processes by the virus regulate inter- and intra-host signals critical to the establishment of chronic infection. Regulation occurs through direct viral protein interactions and cellular signaling, miRNA regulation, and viral mimics of cellular receptors and ligands, all leading to control of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cells have unique biological properties and the tandem control of virus and host make this a unique environment for chronic herpesvirus infection in the bone marrow. This review highlights the elegant complexities of the betaherpesvirus latency and HPC virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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4
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Kang M, Park S, Chung Y, Lim JO, Kang JS, Park JH. Hematopoietic Effects of Angelica gigas Nakai Extract on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myelosuppression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3476. [PMID: 36559587 PMCID: PMC9781469 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Myelosuppression is a major adverse effect of chemotherapy. With the increasing number of cancer patients worldwide, there is a growing interest in therapeutic approaches that reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) roots have been widely used in oriental medicine to treat blood-related diseases, including cancer. However, the effects of AGN on myelosuppression have not been studied. Here, we investigated the effects of AGN ethanol extract (AGNEX) on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. AGNEX treatment significantly decreased white blood cell levels while increasing red blood cell and platelet levels in the peripheral blood. It inhibited thymus and spleen atrophy. It also enhanced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. qRT-PCR results showed that AGNEX decreased the expression of IL-1b and stem cell factor (SCF) in the bone marrow (BM) while increasing the mRNA expression of IL-3 and IL-6 in the spleen. Although AGNEX did not significantly decrease apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the BM and splenocytes, AGNEX plays a positive role in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. AGNEX administration increased BM cells in the femur while decreasing apoptotic BM cells. These findings suggest that AGNEX could be used to treat myelosuppression and as a combination therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Kang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseong Chung
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Oh Lim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seon Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea
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5
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Diggins NL, Hancock MH. Viral miRNA regulation of host gene expression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 146:2-19. [PMID: 36463091 PMCID: PMC10101914 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to combat barriers to productive infection in the host cell. Virally-encoded miRNAs are one such means to regulate host gene expression in ways that benefit the virus lifecycle. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein expression but do not trigger the adaptive immune response, making them powerful tools encoded by viruses to regulate cellular processes. Diverse viruses encode for miRNAs but little sequence homology exists between miRNAs of different viral species. Despite this, common cellular pathways are targeted for regulation, including apoptosis, immune evasion, cell growth and differentiation. Herein we will highlight the viruses that encode miRNAs and provide mechanistic insight into how viral miRNAs aid in lytic and latent infection by targeting common cellular processes. We also highlight how viral miRNAs can mimic host cell miRNAs as well as how viral miRNAs have evolved to regulate host miRNA expression. These studies dispel the myth that viral miRNAs are subtle regulators of gene expression, and highlight the critical importance of viral miRNAs to the virus lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Diggins
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Meaghan H Hancock
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Zhang Z, Li R, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Xu M, Liang J, Li J, Huang Y, Xu Y, He W, Liu X, Li Y. Association between active cytomegalovirus infection and lung fibroproliferation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:788. [PMID: 36241980 PMCID: PMC9562065 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has high seroprevalence, and its active infection is associated with several adverse prognoses in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the role of active CMV infection in ARDS-associated fibroproliferation is unknown. This study aimed at determining the association between active CMV infection and lung fibroproliferation in adult patients with ARDS. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all adult patients with ARDS who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2018 to December 2020 at a national university-affiliated hospital in China. Study subjects were divided into active and non-active CMV infection groups based on CMV DNAemia within a 28-day ICU hospitalization. Lung fibroproliferation was measured using chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and N-terminal peptide of serum procollagen III (NT-PCP-III) within the first 28 days of ICU admission. Pulmonary fibrosis, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment measures, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results Among the 87 ARDS patients included in this study, the incidence of active CMV infection was 16.1% within the 28-day ICU admission period. In logistic regression analyze, active CMV infection was found to be associated with higher pulmonary fibrogenesis, pulmonary fibrosis score, and NT-PCP-III level (P < 0.05). The duration of ICU stay in ARDS patients with active CMV infection was significantly higher than in those without active CMV infection (P < 0.05). Conclusions Among adult patients with ARDS, active CMV infection was related to poor clinical outcomes. Active CMV infection was associated with ARDS-associated fibroproliferation. Prophylactic and preemptive use of anti-CMV agents on pulmonary fibrosis should be assessed to determine a consensus therapeutic strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07747-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubiao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jierong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Lin F, Han T, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Xu Z, Mo X, Wang F, Yan C, Sun Y, Wang J, Tang F, Han W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu K, Huang X, Xu L. The Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors of Secondary Poor Graft Function in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acquired Aplastic Anemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896034. [PMID: 35615363 PMCID: PMC9124828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary poor graft function (sPGF) increases the risk of life-threatening complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The incidence, clinical outcomes, and risk factors of sPGF have not been elucidated in haploidentical (haplo-) HSCT for acquired aplastic anemia (AA) patients. We retrospectively reviewed 423 consecutive AA patients who underwent haplo-HSCT between January 2006 and December 2020 and report a 3-year cumulative incidence of 4.62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.92%-10.23%) of sPGF. While no primary PGF occurred. The median time to sPGF was 121 days (range 30-626 days) after transplantation. To clarify the risk factors for sPGF, 17 sPGF cases and 382 without PGF were further analyzed. Compared to patients without PGF, the 2-year overall survival was significantly poorer for sPGF patients (67.7% vs 90.8%, p =.002). Twelve sPGF patients were alive until the last follow-up, and 7 achieved transfusion independency. The multivariable analyses revealed that later neutrophil engraftment (OR 2.819, p=.049) and a history of refractory cytomegalovirus viremia (OR=7.038, p=.002) post-transplantation were associated with sPGF. There was weak evidence that a history of grade 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease increased the risk of sPGF (p=.063). We advocated better post-transplantation strategies to balance the risk of immunosuppression and viral reactivation for haplo-HSCT in AA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengli Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Yuan S, Yan T, Huang L, Hao X, Zhao M, Zhang S, Zhou D, Cheng Z. Cross-species pathogenicity of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens and mice. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109191. [PMID: 34385005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gyrovirus 3 (GyV3) has been identified in humans and other hosts, suggesting its cross-species pathogenicity, which poses an increased public health risk. In the current study, we established chicken and mouse models of GyV3 infection. We found that GyV3 induced persistent infections, characterized by viremia, aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and systematic lymphocytic inflammation, in both species. Kinetic viral loads and antigen expression demonstrated rapid viral replication and broad tissue tropism of GyV3 in both models. The highest viral loads and the strongest antigen immunostaining were present in bone marrow and cerebrum in both chickens and mice, indicating that these are target tissues for GyV3. Genetic diversity analysis of VP1 in infected chickens and mice showed that GyV3 adapts to new hosts via rapid evolution of the hypervariable region of the gene encoding the structural protein VP1. Overall, our results indicate that GyV3 is a cross-species pathogenic virus; therefore, more attention needs to be paid to high levels of GyV3-induced neurotropism and aplastic anemia as a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qingdao Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Manda Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Vocational-technical School of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China.
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9
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Immune control of cytomegalovirus reactivation in stem cell transplantation. Blood 2021; 139:1277-1288. [PMID: 34166512 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of viruses from latency after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) continues to represent a major clinical challenge requiring sophisticated monitoring strategies in the context of prophylactic and/or pre-emptive antiviral drugs that are associated with significant expense, toxicity, and rates of failure. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the association of polyfunctional virus-specific T-cells with protection from viral reactivation, affirmed by the ability of adoptively transferred virus-specific T-cells to prevent and treat reactivation and disease. The roles of innate cells (NK cells) in early viral surveillance, and dendritic cells in priming of T-cells have also been delineated. Most recently, a role for strain-specific humoral responses in preventing early cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation has been demonstrated in preclinical models. Despite these advances, many unknowns remain: what are the critical innate and adaptive responses over time, is the origin (e.g. recipient versus donor) and localization (e.g. in parenchymal tissue versus lymphoid organs) of these responses important, how does GVHD and the prevention/treatment thereof (e.g. high dose steroids) impact the functionality and relevance of a particular immune axis, do the immune parameters that control latency, reactivation and dissemination differ, and what is the impact of new antiviral drugs on the development of enduring antiviral immunity. Thus, whilst antiviral drugs have provided major improvements over the last two decades, understanding the immunological paradigms underpinning protective antiviral immunity after SCT offers the potential to generate non-toxic immune-based therapeutic approaches for lasting protection from viral reactivation.
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10
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Yoshihara R, Komai T, Shoda H, Fujio K. Elevation of cytomegalovirus antigenemia predicts serious infection and death in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies for autoimmune diseases. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1534-1540. [PMID: 33051990 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and serious infections. METHOD We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review study with 43 autoimmune disease patients experiencing CMV reactivation. We investigated the risk factors for serious infections among the patients using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We identified that the maximum count of CMV antigenemia during the course of infection (CMV Ag MAX) was significantly associated with serious infection by multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio: 1.509; 95% confidence interval: 1.071-2.125). The receiver operating characteristic curve of CMV Ag MAX count showed a predictive value for serious infections (76.9% in sensitivity and 93.3% in specificity) and death (83.3% in sensitivity and 91.9% in specificity), and the cut-off count of serious infections and death was 6 and 10 per 105 white blood cell count, respectively. CONCLUSION We suggest that the counts of CMV Ag MAX can reflect the extent of compromise in the immune system, and can be a predictive marker for serious infections and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Yoshihara
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Komai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Yang X, Chen D, Long H, Zhu B. The mechanisms of pathological extramedullary hematopoiesis in diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2723-2738. [PMID: 31974657 PMCID: PMC11104806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells outside of the bone marrow. In postnatal life, as a compensatory mechanism for ineffective hematopoiesis of the bone marrow, pathological EMH is triggered by hematopoietic disorders, insufficient hematopoietic compensation, and other pathological stress conditions, such as infection, advanced tumors, anemia, and metabolic stress. Pathological EMH has been reported in many organs, and the sites of pathological EMH may be related to reactivation of the embryonic hematopoietic structure in these organs. As a double-edged sword (blood and immune cell supplementation as well as clinical complications), pathological EMH has been widely studied in recent years. In particular, pathological EMH induced by late-stage tumors contributes to tumor immunosuppression. Thus, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of pathological EMH may be conducive to the development of therapies against the pathological processes that induce EMH. This article reviews the recent progress of research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathological EMH in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Degao Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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12
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Mlera L, Moy M, Maness K, Tran LN, Goodrum FD. The Role of the Human Cytomegalovirus UL133-UL138 Gene Locus in Latency and Reactivation. Viruses 2020; 12:E714. [PMID: 32630219 PMCID: PMC7411667 DOI: 10.3390/v12070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency, the means by which the virus persists indefinitely in an infected individual, is a major frontier of current research efforts in the field. Towards developing a comprehensive understanding of HCMV latency and its reactivation from latency, viral determinants of latency and reactivation and their host interactions that govern the latent state and reactivation from latency have been identified. The polycistronic UL133-UL138 locus encodes determinants of both latency and reactivation. In this review, we survey the model systems used to investigate latency and new findings from these systems. Particular focus is given to the roles of the UL133, UL135, UL136 and UL138 proteins in regulating viral latency and how their known host interactions contribute to regulating host signaling pathways towards the establishment of or exit from latency. Understanding the mechanisms underlying viral latency and reactivation is important in developing strategies to block reactivation and prevent CMV disease in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwanika Mlera
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Melissa Moy
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Kristen Maness
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (K.M.); (L.N.T.)
| | - Linh N. Tran
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (K.M.); (L.N.T.)
| | - Felicia D. Goodrum
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (K.M.); (L.N.T.)
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13
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Renzaho A, Podlech J, Kühnapfel B, Blaum F, Reddehase MJ, Lemmermann NAW. Cytomegalovirus-Associated Inhibition of Hematopoiesis Is Preventable by Cytoimmunotherapy With Antiviral CD8 T Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:138. [PMID: 32373544 PMCID: PMC7186302 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) not only results in severe organ manifestations, but can also cause “graft failure” resulting in bone marrow (BM) aplasia. This inhibition of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell engraftment is a manifestation of CMV infection that is long known in clinical hematology as “myelosuppression.” Previous studies in a murine model of sex-chromosome mismatched but otherwise syngeneic HCT and infection with murine CMV have shown that transplanted hematopoietic cells (HC) initially home to the BM stroma of recipients but then fail to further divide and differentiate. Data from this model were in line with the hypothesis that infection of stromal cells, which constitute “hematopoietic niches” where hematopoiesis takes place, causes a local deficiency in essential hematopoietins. Based on this understanding, one must postulate that preventing infection of stromal cells should restore the stroma's capacity to support hematopoiesis. Adoptively-transferred antiviral CD8+ T cells prevent lethal CMV disease by controlling viral spread and histopathology in vital organs, such as liver and lungs. It remained to be tested, however, if they can also prevent infection of the BM stroma and thus allow for successful HC engraftment. Here we demonstrate that antiviral CD8+ T cells control stromal infection. By tracking male donor-derived sry+ HC in the BM of infected female sry− recipients, we show the CD8+ T cells allow for successful donor HC engraftment and thereby prevent CMV-associated BM aplasia. These data provide a further argument for cytoimmunotherapy of CMV infection after HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Renzaho
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Podlech
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgit Kühnapfel
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Blaum
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias J Reddehase
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niels A W Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Zavras P, Su Y, Fang J, Stern A, Gupta N, Tang Y, Raval A, Giralt S, Perales MA, Jakubowski AA, Papanicolaou GA. Impact of Preemptive Therapy for Cytomegalovirus on Toxicities after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:1482-1491. [PMID: 32315708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(Val)ganciclovir (vGCV) or foscarnet (FCN) as preemptive therapy (PET) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity, respectively. We analyzed a cohort of CMV-seropositive (R+) HCT recipients managed preemptively at a single center. The objectives of our study were to (1) quantify the frequencies of neutropenia and acute kidney injury (AKI) through day +100 (D100) post-HCT and at PET discontinuation and (2) assess the impact of PET on neutropenia and AKI in multivariate models. This was a retrospective cohort study of adult CMV R+ recipients who underwent allo-HCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from March 18, 2013, through December 31, 2017, and were managed with PET. Patients were grouped by receipt of PET (PET and no PET). Neutropenia and AKI were defined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. Frequencies of toxicities by D100 were compared between relevant groups. The impact of PET on toxicities was examined in univariate and multivariate Poisson/negative binomial regression models. Of 368 CMV R+ HCT recipients, 208 (56.5%) received PET. Neutropenia by D100 occurred in 41.8% and 28.6% patients in PET and no PET, respectively (P = .0009). PET increased the risk of neutropenia (adjusted relative risk = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 2.21; P < .0001) in multivariate analyses. AKI by D100 occurred in 12.0% and 7.8% patients in PET and no PET, respectively (P = .19). PET increased the risk of AKI by 2.75-fold (95% CI, 1.71 to 4.42; P < .0001). When PET recipients were grouped by first antiviral, neutropenia by D100 occurred in 34.8% and 48.9% of vGCV and FCN recipients, respectively, (P = .08), and AKI occurred in 13.0% and 34.0% of vGCV and FCN recipients, respectively (P = .001). At discontinuation of vGCV or FCN, neutropenia was present in 11.2% versus 2.1% patients, respectively (P = .08), and AKI was present in 1.9% of versus 12.8% patients respectively (P = .005). Preemptive therapy for CMV increased the risk of neutropenia and AKI in the first 100 days post-HCT by 1.8-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. Our results underscore the need for safer antivirals for CMV management in HCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedon Zavras
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yiqi Su
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jiaqi Fang
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anat Stern
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nitasha Gupta
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuexin Tang
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Amit Raval
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ann A Jakubowski
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Genovefa A Papanicolaou
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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15
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Hancock MH, Crawford LB, Pham AH, Mitchell J, Struthers HM, Yurochko AD, Caposio P, Nelson JA. Human Cytomegalovirus miRNAs Regulate TGF-β to Mediate Myelosuppression while Maintaining Viral Latency in CD34 + Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 27:104-114.e4. [PMID: 31866424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) because of various hematologic problems, including myelosuppression. Here, we demonstrate that latently expressed HCMV miR-US5-2 downregulates the transcriptional repressor NGFI-A binding protein (NAB1) to induce myelosuppression of uninfected CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through an increase in TGF-β production. Infection of HPCs with an HCMVΔmiR-US5-2 mutant resulted in decreased TGF-β expression and restoration of myelopoiesis. In contrast, we show that infected HPCs are refractory to TGF-β signaling as another HCMV miRNA, miR-UL22A, downregulates SMAD3, which is required for maintenance of latency. Our data suggest that latently expressed viral miRNAs manipulate stem cell homeostasis by inducing secretion of TGF-β while protecting infected HPCs from TGF-β-mediated effects on viral latency and reactivation. These observations provide a mechanism through which HCMV induces global myelosuppression following HSCT while maintaining lifelong infection in myeloid lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan H Hancock
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lindsey B Crawford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Andrew H Pham
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jennifer Mitchell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Hillary M Struthers
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Andrew D Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Patrizia Caposio
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jay A Nelson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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16
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Human Cytomegalovirus Encodes a Novel FLT3 Receptor Ligand Necessary for Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Viral Reactivation. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00682-18. [PMID: 29691342 PMCID: PMC5915732 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00682-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to reactivate from latent infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is intimately linked to cellular differentiation. HCMV encodes UL7 that our group has shown is secreted from infected cells and induces angiogenesis. In this study, we show that UL7 is a ligand for Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt-3R), a well-known critical factor in HPC differentiation. We observed that UL7 directly binds Flt-3R and induces downstream signaling cascades, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Importantly, we show that UL7 protein induces differentiation of both CD34+ HPCs and CD14+ monocytes. Last, we show that an HCMV mutant lacking UL7 fails to reactivate in CD34+ HPCs in vitro as well as in humanized mice. These observations define the first virally encoded differentiation factor with significant implications not only for HCMV reactivation but also for alteration of the hematopoietic compartment in transplant patients.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) represent a critical reservoir of latent HCMV in the transplant population, thereby providing a source of virus for dissemination to visceral organs. HCMV reactivation has been linked to HPC/myeloid cellular differentiation; however, the mechanisms involved in these events are poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, we show that a viral protein is a ligand for Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt-3R) and that the binding of HCMV UL7 to the Flt-3R triggers HPC and monocyte differentiation. Moreover, the loss of UL7 prevents viral reactivation in HPCs in vitro as well as in humanized mice. These observations define the first virally encoded differentiation factor with significant implications not only for HCMV reactivation but also for alteration of the hematopoietic compartment in transplant patients.
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17
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Zischke J, Mamareli P, Pokoyski C, Gabaev I, Buyny S, Jacobs R, Falk CS, Lochner M, Sparwasser T, Schulz TF, Kay-Fedorov PC. The human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein pUL11 acts via CD45 to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28628650 PMCID: PMC5491327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen, infection with which can cause severe disease for immunocompromised individuals. The complex changes wrought on the host's immune system during both productive and latent HCMV infection are well known. Infected cells are masked and manipulated and uninfected immune cells are also affected; peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation is reduced and cytokine profiles altered. Levels increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which may be important for the establishment of HCMV infections and is required for the development of high viral titres by murine cytomegalovirus. The mechanisms by which HCMV affects T cell IL-10 secretion are not understood. We show here that treatment of PBMC with purified pUL11 induces IL-10 producing T cells as a result of pUL11 binding to the CD45 phosphatase on T cells. IL-10 production induced by HCMV infection is also in part mediated by pUL11. Supernatants from pUL11 treated cells have anti-inflammatory effects on untreated PBMC. Considering the mechanism, CD45 can be a positive or negative regulator of TCR signalling, depending on its expression level, and we show that pUL11 also has concentration dependent activating or inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation and on the kinase function of the CD45 substrate Lck. pUL11 is therefore the first example of a viral protein that can target CD45 to induce T cells with anti-inflammatory properties. It is also the first HCMV protein shown to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. Understanding the mechanisms by which pUL11-induced changes in signal strength influence T cell development and function may provide the basis for the development of novel antiviral treatments and therapies against immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Panagiota Mamareli
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Pokoyski
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ildar Gabaev
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Buyny
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Penelope C. Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Collins-McMillen D, Buehler JC, Goodrum FD, Yurochko AD. Human Cytomegalovirus Requires Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling To Enter and Initiate the Early Steps in the Establishment of Latency in CD34 + Human Progenitor Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:e01206-16. [PMID: 27974567 PMCID: PMC5309964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01206-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency and persistence relies on the successful infection of hematopoietic cells, which serve as sites of viral persistence and contribute to viral spread. Here, using blocking antibodies and pharmacological inhibitors, we document that HCMV activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates viral entry into CD34+ human progenitor cells (HPCs), resulting in distinct cellular trafficking and nuclear translocation of the virus compared to that in other immune cells, such as we have documented in monocytes. We argue that the EGFR allows HCMV to regulate the cellular functions of these replication-restricted cells via its signaling activity following viral binding. In addition to regulating HCMV entry/trafficking, EGFR signaling may also shape the early steps required for the successful establishment of viral latency in CD34+ cells, as pharmacological inhibition of EGFR increases the transcription of lytic IE1/IE2 mRNA while curbing the expression of latency-associated UL138 mRNA. EGFR signaling following infection of CD34+ HPCs may also contribute to changes in hematopoietic potential, as treatment with the EGFR kinase (EGFRK) inhibitor AG1478 alters the expression of the cellular hematopoietic cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12) in HCMV-infected cells but not in mock-infected cells. These findings, along with our previous work with monocytes, suggest that EGFR likely serves as an important determinant of HCMV tropism for select subsets of hematopoietic cells. Moreover, our new data suggest that EGFR is a key receptor for efficient viral entry and that the ensuing signaling regulates important early events required for successful infection of CD34+ HPCs by HCMV.IMPORTANCE HCMV establishes lifelong persistence within the majority of the human population without causing overt pathogenesis in healthy individuals. Despite this, reactivation of HCMV from its latent reservoir in the bone marrow causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunologically compromised individuals, such as bone marrow and solid organ transplant patients. Lifelong persistent infection has also been linked with the development of various cardiovascular diseases in otherwise healthy individuals. Current HCMV therapeutics target lytic replication, but not the latent viral reservoir; thus, an understanding of the molecular basis for viral latency and persistence is paramount to controlling or eliminating HCMV infection. Here, we show that the viral signalosome activated by HCMV binding to its entry receptor, EGFR, in CD34+ HPCs initiates early events necessary for successful latent infection of this cell type. EGFR and associated signaling players may therefore represent promising targets for mitigating HCMV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Donna Collins-McMillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Felicia D Goodrum
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew D Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center of Excellence in Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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19
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Cytomegalovirus in bone marrow cells correlates with cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood leukocytes. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2183-5. [PMID: 24671794 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00702-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with bone marrow (BM) suppression, cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 antigenemia and DNA were detectable in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and BM cells. A relationship between CMV infection of PBL and BM cells has been found.
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20
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Hsu JW, Wingard JR. Advances in the management of viral infections. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 161:157-180. [PMID: 24706224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04220-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are common in cancer patients. The risk and severity of infection are influenced by patient, disease, treatment, and viral factors. Severe viral infections are more likely to occur in treatment regimens that are more immunosuppressive. Historically, the most frequent severe infections have been due to herpesviruses, but more recently, other pathogens, especially community respiratory and hepatitis viruses, have received increasing attention as major viral pathogens in cancer patients. Because of the new diagnostic assays and the introduction of better therapeutic options, knowledge of viral infections is important in optimizing antineoplastic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100277, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA,
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21
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Mortensen KB, Gerds TA, Bjerrum OW, Lindmark A, Sengeløv H, Andersen CL. The prevalence and prognostic value of concomitant eosinophilia in chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leuk Res 2013; 38:334-9. [PMID: 24439053 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of eosinophilia after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains to be established. Patients, whom developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after ASCT, were included (n = 142). Eosinophil count was analyzed at cGVHD onset. We observed no significant association between EO and the grade of cGVHD, thrombocytopenia, nor extensive skin involvement. Importantly, we observed no significant association between cGVHD with concomitant eosinophilia and long-term clinical outcomes, and subgroup analyses revealed a considerable confounding effect of ongoing steroid treatment. In conclusion, we advocate that prognostic conclusions regarding cGVHD with concomitant eosinophilia after ASCT should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ole Weis Bjerrum
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Lindmark
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengeløv
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christen Lykkegaard Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Jordan S, Ruzsics Z, Mitrović M, Baranek T, Arapović J, Krmpotić A, Vivier E, Dalod M, Jonjić S, Dölken L, Koszinowski UH. Natural killer cells are required for extramedullary hematopoiesis following murine cytomegalovirus infection. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:535-545. [PMID: 23684305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immune response against a variety of pathogens can lead to activation of blood formation at ectopic sites, a process termed extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). The underlying mechanisms of EMH have been enigmatic. Investigating splenic EMH in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), we find that, while cells of the adaptive immune system were dispensable for EMH, natural killer (NK) cells were essential. EMH required recognition of infected cells via activating NK cell receptors Ly49H or NKG2D, and correspondingly, viral interference with NK cell recognition abolished EMH. Surprisingly, development of EMH was not induced by NK cell-derived cytokines but was dependent on perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in order to control virus spread. Spreading virus reduced the numbers of F4/80(+) macrophages that were crucial for inflammatory EMH. Hence, whereas MCMV suppresses inflammation-induced EMH, NK cells confine virus spread, thereby protecting extramedullary hematopoietic niches and facilitating EMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jordan
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maja Mitrović
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Thomas Baranek
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UNIV UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7282, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UNIV UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7282, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UNIV UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7282, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department for Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lars Dölken
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Koszinowski
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
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23
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Ramakrishnan A, Torok-Storb B, Pillai MM. Primary marrow-derived stromal cells: isolation and manipulation. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1035:75-101. [PMID: 23959984 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-508-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are relatively rare cells difficult to visualize in marrow biopsies or detect in aspirated marrow. Under specific conditions MSC can be expanded in vitro and the population can give rise to several mesenchymal lineages. "MSC" also refers to mesenchymal stem cells which implies that all cells in the population are multipotent. It is generally agreed that while there may be a few multipotent stem cells in an MSC population the majority are not stem cells. In either case MSCs do not produce hematopoietic cells. Although MSCs have been isolated and characterized from several tissues, bone marrow is their most common source for research and clinical use. Primary MSC populations can be derived from bone marrow mononuclear cells with relative ease, but it is important to recognize the cellular heterogeneity within a culture and how this may vary from donor to donor. In this chapter, we describe methodology to derive primary MSCs from bone marrow screens, an otherwise discarded by-product of bone marrow harvests used for clinical transplantation. We also describe some useful techniques to characterize and manipulate MSCs-both primary and immortalized cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Ramakrishnan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Colunga-Pedraza JE, Monreal-Robles R, Colunga-Pedraza PR, Méndez-Ramírez N, Salazar-Riojas R, Gómez-Almaguer D. Acute maternal cytomegalovirus infection is associated with significantly decreased numbers of CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:166-9. [PMID: 22818857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND There is little information regarding the serologic status of umbilical cord blood (UCB) donors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent agent transmitted by blood products and studies have reported that CMV can inhibit myelopoiesis, however, its effects on the cellular content of UCB have not been documented. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated, retrospectively, the prevalence of serological evidence of infection in 857 women donating their UCB at a public university hospital and studied the influence of acute CMV exposure on UCB content of CD34+ cells. The biological characteristics of UCB from serology positive-donors were compared with those of women with negative tests. RESULTS We found that 51 of 857 (6%) UCB units were positive for infectious disease markers; anti-CMV IgM was the most prevalent marker, 43 of 51 (86%) of cases with infectious markers. UCB collected from anti-CMV IgM-positive donors more frequently met rejection criteria for use as a transplanation product. The CD34+ cell count was the most often affected, 2.48×10(6) in anti-CMV IgM-positive donors compared to 1.48×10(6) in unaffecetd donors( p=0.006). The probability of a UCB meeting a CD34+ cell content≥2×10(6) was significantly lower in units from IgM anti-CMV+ women compared to unaffecetd donors [Odds ratio (OR)=0.428 (95% CI 0.182-0.632; p=0.015]; the total nucleated cell count (TNC) was lower but not statistically significant [p=0.068]. CONCLUSION UCB donated by anti-CMV IgM-positive women has a high probability of not meeting the criteria required for cryopreservation for future use as a transplantation product, because of the low number of CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Jaime-Pérez
- Hematology Department, Dr. José Eleuterio González University Hospital of the School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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25
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Varani S, Rossini G, Mastroianni A, Tammik C, Frascaroli G, Landini MP, Castellani G, Söderberg-Nauclér C. High TNF-alpha and IL-8 levels predict low blood dendritic cell counts in primary cytomegalovirus infection. J Clin Virol 2012; 53:360-3. [PMID: 22257833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro studies suggest that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) modulates the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). However, there are limited data on DC homeostasis in CMV-infected patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize circulating DCs and plasma cytokine levels in immunocompetent patients with primary, symptomatic CMV infections. STUDY DESIGN The study population consisted of 14 patients suffering of CMV mononucleosis and 14 healthy volunteers (11 CMV-seropositive and 3 CMV-seronegative subjects) included as controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and used to characterize DCs and to quantify CMV in the blood. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. RESULTS We observed that patients who were developing CMV mononucleosis presented lower myeloid and plasmacytoid DC counts in peripheral blood compared with healthy controls. We also noted elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, of which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-which activates DCs and endothelial cells-was the highest. Notably, the decrease in blood DCs correlated with high TNF-α and IL-8 levels by a hyperbolic function. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased levels of inflammatory factors facilitate alterations in DC homeostasis during primary CMV infection, which may contribute to viral-induced modulation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Varani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology L&A Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Varani S, Landini MP. Cytomegalovirus-induced immunopathology and its clinical consequences. HERPESVIRIDAE 2011; 2:6. [PMID: 21473750 PMCID: PMC3082217 DOI: 10.1186/2042-4280-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus that causes severe disease in patients with immature or impaired immune systems. During active infection, CMV modulates host immunity, and CMV-infected patients often develop signs of immune dysfunction, such as immunosuppression and autoimmune phenomena. Furthermore, active viral infection has been observed in several autoimmune diseases, and case reports have linked primary CMV infection and the onset of autoimmune disorders. In addition, CMV infection promotes allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, respectively, further implicating CMV in the genesis and maintenance of immunopathological phenomena. The mechanisms by which CMV could induce inhibition of host defense, inflammation, and autoimmunity are discussed, as is the treatment of virus-induced immunopathology with antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Varani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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27
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Shao PL, Lu MY, Liau YJ, Chao MF, Chang LY, Lu CY, Kao CL, Chang SY, Chi YH, Huang LM. Argonaute-2 enhances suppression of human cytomegalovirus replication by polycistronic short hairpin RNAs targeting UL46, UL70 and UL122. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:741-9. [DOI: 10.3851/imp1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Stratta RJ, Pietrangeli C, Baillie GM. Defining the risks for cytomegalovirus infection and disease after solid organ transplantation. Pharmacotherapy 2010; 30:144-57. [PMID: 20099989 DOI: 10.1592/phco.30.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus continues to be one of the most clinically significant infections after solid organ transplantation. Classic definitions of patients at high risk for infection and tissue-invasive disease are focused on recipient-donor serostatus, type of organ transplanted, and overall level of immunosuppression. However, recent trends in clinical practice call for a reevaluation of cytomegalovirus infection risks after solid organ transplantation. Indeed, whereas early-onset cytomegalovirus infection is usually controlled by antiviral prophylaxis with ganciclovir and derivatives, delayed- and late-onset cytomegalovirus infection can develop after the completion of a course of preventive therapy. In addition, indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection may occur as a result of persistent low-level viremia. Suboptimal dosing of antiviral drugs due to specific drug toxicities may result in the development of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus disease. The relationship between organ allograft rejection and cytomegalovirus infection and disease has been recognized for some time. Transplantation of increasing numbers of extended-criteria donor organs increases the risk of delayed graft function and acute rejection, prompting the use of more intensive immunosuppression. In addition, the trend to spare long-term exposure to calcineurin inhibitors has contributed to a resurgence in the use of polyclonal T-cell induction immunosuppressive agents, which may reduce host anticytomegalovirus immunity. We discuss the current trends in solid organ transplantation that provide a foundation for defining risks for cytomegalovirus infection and disease, including identification of patients who would benefit from more aggressive cytomegalovirus monitoring and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Stratta
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Torres-Madriz G, Boucher HW. Immunocompromised hosts: perspectives in the treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 47:702-11. [PMID: 18652557 DOI: 10.1086/590934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important complication of solid-organ transplantation. The availability of potent antiviral therapies has decreased the incidence of CMV disease among solid-organ transplant recipients but has also led to challenges, including ganciclovir resistance, late-onset CMV disease, and uncertainty about the optimal duration of prophylaxis or therapy for CMV disease. Specific therapies and management of CMV resistance will be addressed here. The best approach for CMV disease in solid-organ transplant recipients is prevention, but which strategy--prophylaxis or preemptive therapy--is optimal remains debatable. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir remain the best options for prevention and treatment of CMV disease in solid-organ transplant recipients, but they are costly and associated with toxicity. Foscarnet and cidofovir, indicated for the treatment of patients who fail to respond to ganciclovir, are less attractive alternatives because of renal toxicity. Therefore, new therapeutic agents for CMV and an immunogenic, safe CMV vaccine are critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Torres-Madriz
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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30
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Danziger-Isakov L, Mark Baillie G. Hematologic complications of anti-CMV therapy in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2009; 23:295-304. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2008.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Smirnov SV, Harbacheuski R, Lewis-Antes A, Zhu H, Rameshwar P, Kotenko SV. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a target for cytomegalovirus infection: implications for hematopoiesis, self-renewal and differentiation potential. Virology 2006; 360:6-16. [PMID: 17113121 PMCID: PMC1892175 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow (BM) regulate the differentiation and proliferation of adjacent hematopoietic precursor cells and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat and connective tissue. BM is an important site for the pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) where the virus establishes latency in hematopoietic progenitors and can transmit after reactivation to neighboring cells. Here we demonstrate that BM-MSCs are permissive to productive HCMV infection, and that HCMV alters the function of MSCs: (i) by changing the repertoire of cell surface molecules in BM-MSCs, HCMV modifies the pattern of interaction between BM-MSCs and hematopoietic cells; (ii) HCMV infection of BM-MSCs undergoing adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation impaired the process of differentiation. Our results suggest that by altering BM-MSC biology, HCMV may contribute to the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Smirnov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School
| | - Ryhor Harbacheuski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School
| | - Anita Lewis-Antes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry - New Jersey Medical School
- *Corresponding author: Sergei V. Kotenko; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103 USA; Tel.: 973-972-3134; FAX: 973-972-5594 E-mail address:
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32
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Lazaro E, Coureau G, Guedj J, Blanco P, Pellegrin I, Commenges D, Dabis F, Moreau JF, Pellegrin JL, Thiébaut R. Change in T-Lymphocyte Count after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients with History of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection. Antivir Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350601100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare changes in CD4+, CD8+ and total lymphocyte counts after initiation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) between HIV-infected patients with and without a recent history of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. Method Matched exposed-non-exposed retrospective cohort study. Results Fifty-one patients with a recent history of MAC infection (MAC+) started a combination of at least three antiretroviral drugs. They were individually matched to 145 patients without any history of MAC infection (MAC-) according to CD4+ T-cell count (±30 cells/mm3), previous experience of antiretroviral treatment, AIDS clinical stage at the time of HAART initiation (baseline), age (±10 years) and gender. MAC+ and MAC- patients presented comparable median levels of total lymphocytes (488 vs 688/mm3, P=0.09), CD4+ (11 vs 16/mm3, P=0.15), CD8+ count (359 vs 386/mm3, P=0.39) and plasma HIV RNA (5.3 vs 5.1 log10 copies/ml, P=0.22) at baseline. After 6 months on HAART, the median increase of CD4+ T-cell count was 28 cells/mm3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–63) in MAC+ and 72 cells/mm3 (IQR: 34–120) in MAC- patients ( P<0.0001), whereas the percentage of CD4+ T cells was not significantly different between the two groups ( P=0.13). Comparable differences were observed for total lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells ( P<0.001). The 6 months decline of plasma HIV RNA was not significantly different according to MAC exposure (-1.6 in MAC+ vs -1.8 log10 copies/ml in MAC- patients, P=0.65). Results were confirmed after adjustment for other characteristics than the matching variables and after taking into account potential informative bias due to unbalanced number of deaths between the two groups. Conclusion MAC infection at the time of HAART initiation is an important deleterious factor for immune reconstitution. A better understanding of the underlying mechanism and an evaluation of additional treatment strategies are necessary to help immune restoration in such circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Lazaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaelle Coureau
- INSERM U593 - ISPED, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémie Guedj
- INSERM E0338 - ISPED, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- CNRS UMR5164 CIRID, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Pellegrin
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Commenges
- INSERM E0338 - ISPED, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Dabis
- INSERM U593 - ISPED, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Moreau
- CNRS UMR5164 CIRID, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pellegrin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- INSERM U593 - ISPED, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM E0338 - ISPED, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
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33
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Stern J, Shai E, Zaks B, Halabi A, Houri-Haddad Y, Shapira L, Palmon A. Reduced expression of gamma interferon in serum and marked lymphoid depletion induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis increase murine morbidity and mortality due to cytomegalovirus infection. Infect Immun 2004; 72:5791-8. [PMID: 15385479 PMCID: PMC517548 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.10.5791-5798.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a major etiological agent of severe forms of periodontal disease. Although periodontal disease is considered a localized disease, accumulating evidence indicates that it may lead to a predisposition to a decline in immunocompetence. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly infects all human populations without producing significant clinical symptoms. Immunocompromised patients usually develop a primary or reactivated CMV infection, which is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether P. gingivalis increases animal susceptibility to CMV infection. Mice were inoculated with CMV and infected locally with P. gingivalis 3 days after the virus inoculation. Mortality rates were monitored, and traces of viral DNA and bacterial infection were detected systemically by using real-time PCR. Local and systemic cytokine secretion was measured, and histological sections were used to assess the pathological state of infected organs. P. gingivalis- and CMV-coinfected mice showed dramatically higher mortality rates than mice infected with P. gingivalis or CMV only. Although the organs of coinfected mice exhibited decreased viral titers, distinct necrosis and tissue damage were more evident in the livers and spleens of these mice than in those of mice infected with CMV only. Furthermore, systemic gamma interferon levels were decreased in coinfected mice, and marked lymphoid depletion was observed in their necrotic organs. In parallel control Escherichia coli-CMV coinfection experiments, the mortality and pathological results were the same as those found in mice infected with CMV only. Our results suggest a specific influence of P. gingivalis on the mouse immune response, causing increased susceptibility to CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Stern
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Castagnola E, Cappelli B, Erba D, Rabagliati A, Lanino E, Dini G. Cytomegalovirus infection after bone marrow transplantation in children. Hum Immunol 2004; 65:416-22. [PMID: 15172440 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Revised: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a well-known cause of disease occurring after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The manifestations of CMV range from asymptomatic infection, defined as active CMV replication in the blood in the absence of clinical manifestations or organ failure abnormalities, to CMV disease, characterized by CMV infection with clinical symptoms or organ function abnormalities. Diagnostic procedures to assess the viral load have improved greatly with the increased use of antigenemia, CMV DNA, and immediate early-messenger RNA. Many conditions concur in determining the risk of developing CMV reactivation or disease after bone marrow transplant with serologic status of donor and recipient, type of bone marrow transplant, presence of graft-versus-host disease being the most studied. However, time and quality of immune reconstitution seems to be the pivotal factors. Pneumonia and gastrointestinal involvement are the most frequently documented clinical pictures with late-onset CMV reactivation or disease representing a new challenge. CMV prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy adopted during the last few years in allogeneic BMT recipients has changed the natural history of the disease, reducing the risk of CMV disease, CMV-associated death, transplant-related mortality, and has prolonged the period at risk. Specific studies on children are lacking, however, the clinical pictures and features seems to be similar both in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Castagnola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, St Orsola Malpighi General Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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35
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Goodrum F, Jordan CT, Terhune SS, High K, Shenk T. Differential outcomes of human cytomegalovirus infection in primitive hematopoietic cell subpopulations. Blood 2004; 104:687-95. [PMID: 15090458 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-12-4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular reservoir for latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the hematopoietic compartment, and the mechanisms governing a latent infection and reactivation from latency are unknown. Previous work has demonstrated that HCMV infects CD34+ progenitors and expresses a limited subset of viral genes. The outcome of HCMV infection may depend on the cell subpopulations infected within the heterogeneous CD34+ compartment. We compared HCMV infection in well-defined CD34+ cell subpopulations. HCMV infection inhibited hematopoietic colony formation from CD34+/CD38- but not CD34+/c-kit+ cells. CD34+/CD38- cells transiently expressed a large subset of HCMV genes that were not expressed in CD34+/c-kit+ cells or cells expressing more mature cell surface phenotypes. Although viral genomes were present in infected cells, viral gene expression was undetectable by 10 days after infection. Importantly, viral replication could be reactivated by coculture with permissive fibroblasts only from the CD34+/CD38- population. Strikingly, a subpopulation of CD34+/CD38- cells expressing a stem cell phenotype (lineage-/Thy-1+) supported a productive HCMV infection. These studies demonstrate that the outcome of HCMV infection in the hematopoietic compartment is dependent on the nature of the cell subpopulations infected and that CD34+/CD38- cells support an HCMV infection with the hallmarks of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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