Crystal structure and photo-induced property of two-dimensional silver(I) complex with 1,3,5-tris(benzylsulfanyl)benzene

Synthesis and Reactivity of Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Tris(alkylthio)benzenes: Transformation between Dinuclear and Sandwich-Type Complexes

To explore the structural transformation of cyclopentadienyl ruthenium (CpRu) complexes in response to external stimuli, the reaction of [RuCp(MeCN)₃][X] (X = PF₆, (FSO₂)₂N [= FSA]) and tris(alkylthio)benzenes (1,3,5-C₆H₃(SR)₃; L ¹ : R = Pr, L ² : R = Me) was investigated, and the crystal structures and thermal properties of the products were examined. The reaction produced the sandwich complexes [RuCpL ⁿ ][X] or dinuclear complexes [Ru₂Cp₂(μ-L ⁿ )₂(CH₃CN) _m ][X]₂ (X = PF₆, FSA) depending on the reaction conditions. The sandwich complex [RuCpL ¹ ][FSA] was an ionic liquid. The solids of dinuclear complexes transformed into the thermodynamically stable sandwich complexes upon heating accompanied by acetonitrile loss. This change resulted in a transformation from crystal to ionic liquid for complexes with the FSA anion. UV irradiation of the sandwich complex [RuCpL ¹ ][PF₆] in methanol produced the dinuclear complex [Ru₂Cp₂(μ-L ¹ )₂ L ¹ ₂][PF₆]₂. The complex transformed into the sandwich complex upon heating.

Semiconductive donor promoted photochromism of iodoplumbate hybrids

The entirely different photochromic behaviors of two iodoplumbate hybrids indicate the driving role of excitation of the PbI₃⁻ chain donor and the negative role of charge transfer in photoinduced electron transfer and photochromism.

Effects of silver adsorbed on fumed silica, silver phosphate glass, bentonite organomodified with silver and titanium dioxide in aquatic indicator organisms

In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) on microcrustacean survival. Daphnia magna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000ppm. Ceriodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in TiO₂ suspensions from 0.001 to 100ppm. D. magna populations presented high susceptibility to all silver based additives, with 100% mortality after 24hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO₂ suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, TiO₂ did not reach a linear concentration-response versus mortality, with 1ppm being more toxic than 10,000ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form (nano or ion) or carrier (silica, phosphate glass or bentonite). TiO₂ demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna.