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Shimada E, Kanetaka H, Hihara H, Kanno A, Kawashima R, Nakasato N, Igarashi K. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields caused by mechanical stimulation of the periodontal ligaments. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09464. [PMID: 35620631 PMCID: PMC9127331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligaments are very important sensory organ for our daily life such as perception of food size or hardness, determination of jaw position, and adjustment of masticatory strength. The sensory properties of the periodontal ligament, especially those of the maxillary and mandibular molars, have not yet been fully investigated. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) can be measured and evaluated for latency and intensity to determine the sensory transmission characteristics of each body parts. However, previous reports on SEFs in the oral region have only reported differences in upper and lower gingival and lip sensations. In this study, the aim was to clarify these sensory characteristics by measuring SEFs during mechanical stimulation of the periodontal ligament in the maxillary and mandibular first molars. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields were measured in the contralateral hemispheres of 33 healthy volunteers. Mechanical stimulation of the maxillary and mandibular right first molars, and the left wrist was performed with a specific handmade tool. The first peak latency for the mandibular first molars was 41.7 ± 5.70 ms (mean ± SD), significantly shorter than that for the maxillary first molars at 47.7 ± 7.36 ms. The peak intensity for the mandibular first molars was 13.9 ± 6.06 nAm, significantly larger than that for the maxillary first molars at 7.63 ± 3.55 nAm. The locations in the contralateral hemispheres showed no significant difference between the maxillary first molars and mandibular first molars. These locations were more anteroinferior and exterior than that of the wrist, as suggested by the brain homunculus. Neural signals from the mandibular periodontal ligaments pass faster and more intensely to the central nervous system than those from the maxillary periodontal ligaments, and may preferentially participate in adjustment of the occlusal force and the occlusal position.
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Kishimoto T, Matsuura N, Kasahara M, Ichinohe T. Effect of Topical Anesthesia Using an Adhesive Patch and Anesthetic Solution. Anesth Prog 2017; 64:73-79. [DOI: 10.2344/anpr-64-02-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEP) to the alveolar mucosa to investigate the efficacy of an amide local anesthetic, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 12.5 μg/mL epinephrine (Lido treatment) as a topical anesthetic. Eighteen consenting healthy adult volunteers were enrolled. A volume of 0.06 mL of Lido, 0.06 g of 20% benzocaine, or 0.06 mL of physiological saline (control) was instilled onto a hemostatic adhesive patch, which was then applied to the alveolar mucosa at the maxillary right canine for 5 minutes. An electrical stimulus approximately 5 times that of the sensory threshold was applied using a surface stimulation electrode. The trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential was recorded immediately, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after removal of the patch. Positive P125 and P310 peaks and negative N100 and N340 peaks were observed as a result of the electrical stimulation. A significant decrease in the percentage change in amplitude of N100-P125 was observed in the Lido treatment immediately, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after patch removal. In the Lido treatment, trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential amplitude at N100-P125 decreased significantly, suggesting that topical anesthesia produced by an amide local anesthetic may have a topical anesthetic effect as potent as that produced by an ester local anesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kishimoto
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matsuura
- Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasahara
- ,Professor and Chairman, Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ichinohe
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Japan
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Bessho H, Shibukawa Y, Shintani M, Yajima Y, Suzuki T, Shibahara T. Localization of Palatal Area in Human Somatosensory Cortex. J Dent Res 2016; 86:265-70. [PMID: 17314260 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the ’hard palate representing’ area in the primary somatosensory cortex, we recorded somatosensory-evoked magnetic fields from the cortex in ten healthy volunteers, using magnetoencephalography. Following electrical stimulation of 3 sites on the hard palate (the first and third transverse palatine ridges, and the greater palatine foramen), magnetic responses showed peak latencies of 15, 65, and 125 ms. Equivalent current dipoles for early magnetic responses were found along the posterior wall of the inferior part of the central sulcus. These dipoles were localized anterior-inferiorly, compared with locations for the hand area in the cortex. However, there were no significant differences in three-dimensional locations among the 3 selected regions for hard palate stimulation. These results demonstrated the precise location of palatal representation in the primary somatosensory cortex, the actual area being small.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bessho
- Oral Health Science Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
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Cabib C, Ortega O, Kumru H, Palomeras E, Vilardell N, Alvarez-Berdugo D, Muriana D, Rofes L, Terré R, Mearin F, Clavé P. Neurorehabilitation strategies for poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: from compensation to the recovery of swallowing function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1380:121-138. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cabib
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery; Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
| | - Omar Ortega
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery; Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Hatice Kumru
- Fundación Institut Guttmann; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
| | - Ernest Palomeras
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Mataró; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
| | - Natalia Vilardell
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery; Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Berdugo
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery; Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Desirée Muriana
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Mataró; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
| | - Laia Rofes
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery; Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Terré
- Fundación Institut Guttmann; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation; Barcelona Spain
| | - Fermín Mearin
- Fundación Institut Guttmann; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Badalona Spain
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pere Clavé
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery; Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation; Barcelona Spain
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Avivi-Arber L, Martin R, Lee JC, Sessle BJ. Face sensorimotor cortex and its neuroplasticity related to orofacial sensorimotor functions. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1440-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Maezawa H, Yoshida K, Matsuhashi M, Yokoyama Y, Mima T, Bessho K, Fujita S, Nagamine T, Fukuyama H. Evaluation of tongue sensory disturbance by somatosensory evoked magnetic fields following tongue stimulation. Neurosci Res 2011; 71:244-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
At present, there are no objective testing modalities available for evaluation of iatrogenic injury to the terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve, making such clinical diagnosis and management complicated for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Several imaging modalities can assist in the preoperative risk assessment of the trigeminal nerve as related to commonly performed procedures in the vicinity of the nerve, mostly third molar surgery. This article provides a review of all available imaging modalities and their clinical application relative to preoperative injury risk assessment of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve, and postinjury and postsurgical repair recovery status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miloro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Sakamoto K, Nakata H, Yumoto M, Kakigi R. Somatosensory processing of the tongue in humans. Front Physiol 2010; 1:136. [PMID: 21423377 PMCID: PMC3059928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2010.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We review research on somatosensory (tactile) processing of the tongue based on data obtained using non-invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods. Technical difficulties in stimulating the tongue, due to the noise elicited by the stimulator, the fixation of the stimulator, and the vomiting reflex, have necessitated the development of specialized devices. In this article, we show the brain activity relating to somatosensory processing of the tongue evoked by such devices. More recently, the postero-lateral part of the tongue has been stimulated, and the brain response compared with that on stimulation of the antero-lateral part of the tongue. It is likely that a difference existed in somatosensory processing of the tongue, particularly around primary somatosensory cortex, Brodmann area 40, and the anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Sakamoto
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda UniversityTokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masato Yumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan
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Wheeler-Hegland K, Pitts T, Davenport PW. Peak morphology and scalp topography of the pharyngeal sensory-evoked potential. Dysphagia 2010; 26:287-94. [PMID: 20890713 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-010-9308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing is dependent upon sensory input to the brainstem and cortex. The event-related evoked potential provides a measure of neuronal electrical activity as it relates to a specific stimulus. Air-puff stimulation to the posterior pharyngeal wall produces a sensory-evoked potential (PSEP) waveform. The goal of this study was to characterize the scalp topography and morphology for the component peaks of the PSEP waveform. Twenty-five healthy men and women served as research participants. PSEPs were measured via a 32-electrode cap (10-20 system) connected to SynAmps2 Neuroscan EEG System. Air puffs were delivered directly to the oropharynx using a thin polyethylene tube connected to a flexible laryngoscope. The PSEP waveform is characterized by four early- and mid-latency component peaks: an early positivity (P1) and negativity (N1), followed by a mid-latency positivity (P2) and negativity (N2). The early positive peak P1 is localized bilaterally to the lateral parietal scalp, the N1 medially in the frontoparietal region, and the P2 and N2 with diffuse scalp locations. Somatosensory and premotor regions are possible anatomical correlates of peak locations. Based on the latencies of the peaks, they are likely analogous to somatosensory- and respiratory-related evoked potential peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wheeler-Hegland
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Box 100144, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Dempewolf S, Ahlborn M, Lanz M, Bunten S, Happe S. 113. Somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by lingual nerve stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields following electric tongue stimulation using pin electrodes. Neurosci Res 2008; 62:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Sakamoto K, Nakata H, Kakigi R. Somatosensory-evoked magnetic fields following stimulation of the tongue in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:1664-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yoshida K, Maezawa H, Nagamine T, Fukuyama H, Murakami K, Iizuka T. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields to air-puff stimulation on the soft palate. Neurosci Res 2006; 55:116-22. [PMID: 16677731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of sensory input to the soft palate has been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. To investigate the reaction in the central nervous system related to soft palate perception, we measured the somatosensory evoked magnetic fields following air-puff stimulation in seven healthy volunteers by using a helmet-shaped 122-channel neuromagnetometer. The air-puffs were produced using compressed nitrogen and directed to the middle of the soft palate with an intraoral device. To evaluate the laterality of responses we used another appliance in which the air-puffs were directed to the middle and right side of the soft palate. In all the subjects, responses were identified symmetrically in the bilateral parietotemporal regions with a mean latency of about 130 ms from the soft palate stimulation. Prior to this peak, no distinct early responses were observed. There was no significant difference in the responses between the middle and right side stimulation. Corresponding equivalent current dipoles were estimated around the Sylvian fissures. These results suggested that the responses were derived from the second somatosensory areas. In conclusion, we could record long-latency responses to air-puff stimulation of the soft palate in the bilateral second somatosensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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