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Shin J, Kim HS, Min Kim T, Kim H, Lee SH, Hyoung Cho J, Lee H, Woo Yim H, Yoon KH. The short-term effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on albuminuria and renal function in Korean patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:424-431. [PMID: 31765038 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Each angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) asserts independent molecular effects. No study has compared the renoprotective potency of different types of ARBs in Korea. This study evaluated the differences among medications for treating albuminuria. Data were obtained from electronic medical records of adult patients who underwent albuminuria test and received treatment with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or ARBs between January 2009 and June 2016. Patients' albuminuria and renal function data were observed for three months after treatment initiation. In total, 1475 patients were included. Patients treated with ACEIs had no significant changes in albuminuria (from 127.7 ± 55.1 mg/g to 46.7 ± 18.7 mg/g, P = .127), but those treated with ARBs showed significant improvement (from 491.2 ± 33.2 mg/g to 372.0 ± 28.0 mg/g, P < .001). The ARB group had significantly more patients with normal albuminuria after treatment (from 55.8% to 59.3% for normal albuminuria, from 16.7% to 18.5% for moderately increased albuminuria and from 27.5% to 22.2% for severely increased albuminuria, P = .005), but renal function did not change significantly. Subgroup analysis of ARB types showed that candesartan (from 712.5 ± 71.1 to 489.8 ± 57.8 mg/g, P < .001) and irbesartan (from 522.6 ± 65.7 to 352.6 ± 54.3 mg/g, P < .001) had significant effects. Candesartan improved albuminuria in patients older than 60 years (from 506.9 ± 84.2 to 371.9 ± 70.6 mg/g, P = .004) and irbesartan improved albuminuria in patients with glomerular filtration rate <60 (from 551.6 ± 100.0 to 392.4 ± 76.2, P = .007). Only irbesartan and candesartan could reduce albuminuria, suggesting that all ARBs do not have the same outcome. This indicates the importance of optimizing ARB selection, considering both patient condition and organ-specific characteristics of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Shin
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Sung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tong Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Lee
- Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Miura SI, Karnik SS, Saku K. Review: angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers: class effects versus molecular effects. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:1-7. [PMID: 20603272 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310370852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly selective angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockers (ARBs) are now available. The AT(1) receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and block the diverse effects of Ang II. Several ARBs are available for clinical use. Most ARBs have common molecular structures (biphenyl-tetrazol and imidazole groups) and it is clear that ARBs have 'class effects'. On the other hand, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that not all ARBs have the same effects, and some benefits conferred by ARBs may not be class effects, and instead may be 'molecular effects'. In addition, each ARB has been clearly shown to have specific molecular effects in basic experimental studies, and these effects may be due to small differences in the molecular structure of each ARB. However, it is controversial whether ARBs have molecular effects in a clinical setting. Although the presence of molecular effects for each ARB based on experimental studies may not directly influence the clinical outcome, this possibility has not been adequately evaluated. This review focuses on the class effects versus molecular effects of ARBs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Miura SI, Saku K. Do angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers have molecular effects? Hypertens Res 2009; 33:105-6. [PMID: 19942930 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Iwata A, Miura SI, Imaizumi S, Kiya Y, Nishikawa H, Zhang B, Shimomura H, Kumagai K, Matsuo K, Shirai K, Saku K. Do valsartan and losartan have the same effects in the treatment of coronary artery disease? Circ J 2007; 71:32-8. [PMID: 17186975 DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are available for clinical use, but because they do not all have the same effects, the present study investigated whether all benefits conferred by ARBs are class effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Study 1 was a case-control study of patients with coronary artery disease, which showed that a non-depressor dose of valsartan significantly decreased the rate of target lesion revascularization at 6 months after stenting compared with the control group without ARB treatment. In Study 2, 44 patients with acute myocardial infarction who randomly received an initial lower dose of either valsartan or losartan after stenting were evaluated. The late loss and decrease in %diameter stenosis in the valsartan group were significantly lower than those in the losartan group as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography after 6 months. In addition, the valsartan group showed a significantly lower expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and L-selectin. CONCLUSION A non-depressor dose of ARB may have beneficial effects on coronary restenosis that are associated with the regulation of adhesion molecules, and these effects might not be a class effect of ARBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
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Ismail MAH, Barker S, Abou el-Ella DA, Abouzid KAM, Toubar RA, Todd MH. Design and synthesis of new tetrazolyl- and carboxy-biphenylylmethyl-quinazolin-4-one derivatives as angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1526-35. [PMID: 16509571 DOI: 10.1021/jm050232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel quinazolin-4-ones was designed and their molecular modeling simulation fitting to a new HipHop 3D pharmacophore model using CATALYST was examined. Several compounds showed significant high simulation fit values. The designed compounds were synthesized and eight of them were biologically evaluated in vitro using an AT1 receptor binding assay, where compound XX competed weakly against radiolabeled Sar1Ile8-angiotensin II (Ang II) binding, compounds XIV and XXII showed moderate competition, and compound XXV showed almost equal ability to displace radiolabeled Sar1Ile8-Ang II binding to AT1 receptors as losartan. In vivo biological evaluation study of compounds XIV, XXII, and XXV on both normotensive and hypertensive rats revealed that compound XXV demonstrated higher hypotensive and antihypertensive activity than the reference compound losartan. To obtain a highly active compound from a candidate set of only eight tested compounds illustrates the power and utility of our pharmacophore model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A H Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, ElKhalifa ElMaamoon St., 11566, Abbasseya, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wackenfors A, Emilson M, Ingemansson R, Edvinsson L, Malmsjö M. Ischemic heart disease down-regulates angiotensin type 1 receptor mRNA in human coronary arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 503:147-53. [PMID: 15496309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II is important in the development of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, angiotensin II receptor mRNA levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in human coronary arteries from patients with ischemic heart disease and controls. Furthermore, the suitability of artery culture for studying angiotensin receptor changes was evaluated by in vitro pharmacology and real-time PCR. The angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor mRNA levels were down-regulated in human coronary arteries from patients with ischemic heart disease as compared to controls (P<0.05). Culture of coronary arteries for 48 h induced down-regulation of the angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptor mRNA levels and also a less efficacious angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction (Emax=103+/-2% before and 23+/-7% after artery culture, P<0.001). Artery culture may thus be a suitable method for studying angiotensin receptor regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Humans
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Potassium/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Wackenfors
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University Hospital, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Luo G, Xu CB, Cao YX, Edvinsson L. Transcriptional Up-Regulation in Expression of 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A and Transcriptional Down-Regulation of Angiotensin II type 1 Receptors during Organ Culture of Rat Mesenteric Artery. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004; 95:280-7. [PMID: 15569273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.t01-1-pto950506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate in rat mesenteric artery if there is up-regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and angiotensin II receptors and the potential role of protein kinase C activation in the smooth muscle cells during organ culture. Angiotensin II, 5-HT and potassium induced contraction of ring segments without endothelium, monitored by a sensitive in vitro pharmacology method. After the culture of the arterial ring segments for 24 hr, the concentration-contraction curves induced by 5-HT slightly shifted towards to the left with pEC(50) from 6.64+/-0.11 to 6.84+/-0.11 and a significant increase in E(max) from 147+/-11% to 246+/-15% (P<0.05), compared with that obtained in fresh segments. In contrast, the angiotensin II concentration-contraction curve only showed a significant decrease in E(max) from 99+/-10% to 37+/-8%. Specific antagonists for the 5-HT type 2A receptors (5-HT(2A)) and angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT(1)) demonstrated that the contractions occurred via 5-HT(2A) and AT(1) receptors, respectively. Real-time PCR revealed that the 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA was up-regulated in parallel with the contractile response while there was a down-regulation of AT(1) receptor mRNA. Transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D and specific protein kinase C inhibitor Ro31-8220 demonstrated that it was a transcriptional mechanism with involvement of protein kinase C that regulated the enhanced expression of 5-HT(2A) receptors in the mesenteric artery.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Potassium
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Serotonin
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Luo
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Wackenfors A, Pantev E, Emilson M, Edvinsson L, Malmsjö M. Angiotensin II Receptor mRNA Expression and Vasoconstriction in Human Coronary Arteries: Effects of Heart Failure and Age. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004; 95:266-72. [PMID: 15569271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.t01-1-pto950504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, heart failure and atherosclerosis. In the present study, angiotensin II receptor mRNA expression levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the vasocontractile responses to angiotensin II were characterised by in vitro pharmacology in endothelium-denuded human coronary arteries. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) and type 2 (AT(2)) receptor mRNA expression levels were significantly down-regulated in arteries from patients with heart failure as compared to controls. The angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction diminished with increasing age in patients with heart failure (r(2)=0.31, P<0.05). Also, the AT(1) receptor mRNA expression levels decreased with increasing age in patients with heart failure (r(2)=0.74, P<0.05), while no such correlation could be shown in the control group (r(2)=0.04, P=n.s.). The AT(2) receptor mRNA expression levels did not correlate with age in patients with heart failure or controls. In conclusion, the diminished angiotensin II vasoconstriction with age in heart failure patients is most likely due to a lower density of AT(1) receptors and may result from a longer period of exposure to heart failure in older patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Cardiac Output, Low/etiology
- Cardiac Output, Low/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Wackenfors
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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