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Saika M, Nakashiro KI, Tokuzen N, Shirai H, Uchida D. Possible Role of miR-375-3p in Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1492. [PMID: 38672573 PMCID: PMC11049256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
No clinically useful predictors of latent cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are available. In this study, we focused on the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the expression of numerous genes and explored those associated with latent cervical LNM in early OSCC (eOSCC). First, microarray and RT-PCR analyses revealed a significant downregulation of miR-375-3p expression in primary eOSCC tissues with latent cervical LNM. Next, we examined the effects of miR-375-3p mimics on the growth and migration of four human OSCC cell lines that do not express miR-375-3p. The overexpression of miR-375-3p significantly suppressed the cell proliferation and migration of human OSCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, miR-375-3p mimics markedly inhibited the subcutaneously xenografted human OSCC tumors. Finally, we found the genes involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway and cell migration as target gene candidates of miR-375-3p in human OSCC cells. These findings suggest that miR-375-3p functions as a tumor suppressive-miRNA in OSCC and may serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of latent cervical LNM in eOSCC and a useful therapeutic target to suppress OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koh-ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.S.); (N.T.); (H.S.); (D.U.)
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2
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Sproll KC, Hermes I, Felder G, Stoecklein NH, Seidl M, Kaiser P, Kaisers W. Comparative analysis of diagnostic ultrasound and histopathology for detecting cervical lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17319-17333. [PMID: 37823935 PMCID: PMC10657327 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the current performance of diagnostic ultrasound (US) for detecting cervical lymph node (LN) metastases based on objective measures and subjective findings in comparison to the gold standard, histopathological evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2007 to 2016, we prospectively included patients with head and neck cancer who were scheduled for surgical therapy including neck dissection. LNs were examined by multimodal US by a level III head and neck sonologist and individually assigned to a map containing six AAO-HNS neck LN levels preoperatively. During the operation, LNs were dissected and then assessed by routine histopathology, with 86% of them examined individually and the remaining LNs (14%) per AAO-HNS neck LN level. The optimal cutoff points (OCPs) of four defined LN diameters and 2D and 3D roundness indices per AAO-HNS neck LN level were determined. RESULTS In total, 235 patients were included, and 4539 LNs were analyzed by US, 7237 by histopathology and 2684 by both methods. Of these, 259 (9.65%) were classified as suspicious for metastasis by US, whereas 299 (11.14%) were found to be positive by histopathology. Subjective US sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 and 0.99, respectively. The OCPs of the individual LN diameters and the 2D and 3D roundness index were determined individually for all AAO-HNS neck LN levels. Across all levels, the OCP for the 2D index was 1.79 and the 3D index was 14.97. The predictive performance of all distances, indices, and subjective findings improved with increasing metastasis size. Anticipation of pN stage was best achieved with subjective US findings and the smallest diameter (Cohen's κ = 0.713 and 0.438, respectively). CONCLUSION Our LN mapping and meticulous 1:1 node-by-node comparison reveals the usefulness of US for detecting metastatic involvement of neck LNs in head and neck carcinomas as compared to histopathology. The predictive ability for small tumor deposits less than 8 mm in size remains weak and urgently needs improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Christoph Sproll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Iryna Hermes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Felder
- Coordination Center for Clinical Trials, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Dermatopathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology, Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaisers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sana Hospital Benrath, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Xie D, Li Y, Shi J, Zhu YP, Wang Y, Butch CJ, Wang Z. A novel near-infrared EGFR targeting probe for metastatic lymph node imaging in preclinical mouse models. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:342. [PMID: 37736720 PMCID: PMC10514992 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the imaging of cervical lymph nodes and the evaluation of metastastic progression are of great significance. In recent years, the development of new non-radioactive lymph node tracers has been an area of intense research. Here, we report the synthesis, good biocompatibility, and in vivo evaluation of a new small molecule near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe by the conjugation of Lapatinib to S0456 (LP-S). We show that like Lapatinib, LP-S binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) resulting in high quality fluorescence imaging of metastatic lymph nodes in OSCC mouse models. After local injection of LP-S into the tumor, the lymphatic drainage pathway and lymph nodes can be clearly identified by NIR fluorescence imaging. Further, the LP-S probe shows higher contrast and longer retention in metastatic lymph nodes, allowing them to be differentiated from normal lymph nodes, and affording a new choice for fluorescence-guided surgery. Scheme. Chemical synthesis and application of EGFR targeting probe LP-S for imaging of metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Ping Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Christopher J Butch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Krishnan G, Berg NSVD, Nishio N, Juniper G, Pei J, Zhou Q, Lu G, Lee YJ, Ramos K, Iagaru AH, Baik FM, Colevas AD, Martin BA, Rosenthal EL. Metastatic and sentinel lymph node mapping using intravenously delivered Panitumumab-IRDye800CW. Theranostics 2021; 11:7188-7198. [PMID: 34158844 PMCID: PMC8210603 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a well-established minimally invasive staging procedure that maps the spread of tumour metastases from their primary site to the regional lymphatics. Currently, the procedure requires the local peri-tumoural injection of radiolabelled and/or optical agents, and is therefore operator dependent, disruptive to surgical workflow and restricted largely to a small subset of malignancies that can be readily accessed externally for local tracer injection. The present study set out to determine whether intravenous (IV) infusion of a tumor-targeted tracer could identify sentinel and metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in order to overcome these limitations. Methods: We examined 27 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 18 of whom were clinically node negative (cN0). Patients were infused intravenously with 50mg of Panitumumab-IRDye800CW prior to surgical resection of their primary tumour with neck dissection and/or SLNB. Lymphadenectomy specimens underwent fluorescence molecular imaging to evaluate tracer distribution to LNs. Results: A total of 960 LNs were analysed, of which 34 (3.5%) contained metastatic disease. Panitumumab-IRDye800CW preferentially localized to metastatic and sentinel LNs as evidenced by a higher fluorescent signal relative to other lymph nodes. The median MFI of metastatic LNs was significantly higher than the median MFI of benign LNs (0.06 versus 0.02, p < 0.05). Furthermore, selecting the highest five fluorescence intensity LNs from individual specimens resulted in 100% sensitivity, 85.8% specificity and 100% negative predictive value (NPV) for the detection of occult metastases and 100% accuracy for clinically staging the neck. In the cN+ cohort, assessment of the highest 5 fluorescence LNs per patient had 87.5% sensitivity, 93.2% specificity and 99.1% NPV for the detection of metastatic nodes. Conclusion: When intravenously infused, a tumour-targeted tracer localized to sentinel and metastatic lymph nodes. Further validation of an IV tumor-targeted tracer delivery approach for SLNB could dramatically change the practice of SLNB, allowing its application to other malignancies where the primary tumour is not accessible for local tracer injection.
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5
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Boeve K, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, van Dijk BAC, Roodenburg JLN, van der Laan BFAM, Witjes MJH, van der Vegt B, Schuuring E. Cortactin expression assessment improves patient selection for a watchful waiting strategy in pT1cN0-staged oral squamous cell carcinomas with a tumor infiltration depth below 4 mm. Head Neck 2021; 43:2688-2697. [PMID: 34008248 PMCID: PMC8453862 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this feasibility study we aimed to evaluate the value of previously reported molecular tumor biomarkers associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to optimize neck strategy selection criteria. METHODS The association between expression of cortactin, cyclin D1, FADD, RAB25, and S100A9 and sentinel lymph node status was evaluated in a series of 87 (cT1-2N0) patients with OSCC treated with primary resection and SLNB procedure. RESULTS Tumor infiltration depth and tumor pattern of invasion were independent prognostic markers for SLN status, while none of the tumor makers showed a better prognostic value to replace SLNB as neck staging technique in the total cohort. However, in the subgroup of patients with pT1N0 OSCC, cortactin expression (OR 16.0, 95%CI 2.0-127.9) was associated with SLN classification. CONCLUSIONS Expression of cortactin is a promising immunohistochemical tumor marker to identify patients at low risk that may not benefit from SLNB or END.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koos Boeve
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Boukje A C van Dijk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan L N Roodenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Max J H Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Driessen DAJJ, Dijkema T, Weijs WLJ, Takes RP, Pegge SAH, Zámecnik P, van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, Scheenen TWJ, Kaanders JHAM. Novel Diagnostic Approaches for Assessment of the Clinically Negative Neck in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 10:637513. [PMID: 33634033 PMCID: PMC7901951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.637513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In head and neck cancer, the presence of nodal disease is a strong determinant of prognosis and treatment. Despite the use of modern multimodality diagnostic imaging, the prevalence of occult nodal metastases is relatively high. This is why in clinically node negative head and neck cancer the lymphatics are treated “electively” to eradicate subclinical tumor deposits. As a consequence, many true node negative patients undergo surgery or irradiation of the neck and suffer from the associated and unnecessary early and long-term morbidity. Safely tailoring head and neck cancer treatment to individual patients requires a more accurate pre-treatment assessment of nodal status. In this review, we discuss the potential of several innovative diagnostic approaches to guide customized management of the clinically negative neck in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne A J J Driessen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Dijkema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Willem L J Weijs
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sjoert A H Pegge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Patrik Zámecnik
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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7
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Jadhav KB, Nagraj SK, Arora S. miRNA for the assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and metanalysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:345-352. [PMID: 33220092 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNA is one of the advanced epigenetic molecular markers correlating with lymph node metastasis in patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous published papers are showing correlation of miRNA with metastasis. There is a need to analyze and validate such correlation. METHOD English language literature in major databases from the last 20 years was searched using controlled vocabulary and keywords. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed for selection of studies. The quality assessment was done as per the QUADAS tool 2 by three independent reviewers. The metanalysis was performed by using random effect model. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the effect measure. Statistical software used was STATA version 13.1. RESULTS With all inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight studies could qualify for metanalysis. The pooled estimate is found to be 0.13 (-0.35, 0.62), P = .585, which is statistically not significant. This indicates that there is a no significant difference in the fold change between metastasis and no metastasis groups. P-value of chi-square statistic for heterogeneity is <.001 (significant), and I-squared statistic is 87.2%, which indicates that heterogeneity is present to a considerable extent. Egger's test shows there is no publication bias involved (P = .819). CONCLUSION The metanalysis showed no significant difference in the fold change of miRNA expression between metastasis and non-metastasis OSCC patients. Future studies can be directed to eliminate the heterogeneity among the studies noted in this analysis to confirm the role of miRNA for assessment of regional metastasis with special focus on tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran B Jadhav
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vasant Dada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Sangli, India
| | - Sumanth K Nagraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Shelly Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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8
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Paterson C, Hargreaves S, Rumley CN. Functional Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Head and Neck Cancer: How Close are We to Biologically Adaptive Radiotherapy? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:861-873. [PMID: 33127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognised that head and neck cancer represents a spectrum of disease with a differential response to standard treatments. Although prognostic factors are well established, they do not reliably predict response. The ability to predict response early during radiotherapy would allow adaptation of treatment: intensifying treatment for those not responding adequately or de-intensifying remaining therapy for those likely to achieve a complete response. Functional imaging offers such an opportunity. Changes in parameters obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography-computed tomography during treatment have been found to be predictive of disease control in head and neck cancer. Although many questions remain unanswered regarding the optimal implementation of these techniques, current, maturing and future studies may provide the much-needed homogeneous cohorts with larger sample sizes and external validation of parameters. With a stepwise and collaborative approach, we may be able to develop imaging biomarkers that allow us to deliver personalised, biologically adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Paterson
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | - C N Rumley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Australia; South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Pre-operative cellular dissociation grading in biopsies is highly predictive of post-operative tumour stage and patient outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:835-846. [PMID: 31937923 PMCID: PMC7078181 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-operative treatment planning in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is mainly dictated by clinical staging, which has major shortcomings. Histologic grading is irrelevant due to its lack of prognostic impact. Recently, a novel grading termed Cellular Dissociation Grade (CDG) based on Tumour Budding and Cell Nest Size was shown to be highly prognostic for resected HNSCC. We aimed to probe the predictive and prognostic impact of CDG in the pre-operative biopsies of HNSCC. METHODS We evaluated CDG in n = 160 pre-therapeutic biopsies from patients who received standardised treatment following German guidelines, and correlated the results with pre- and post-therapeutic staging data and clinical outcome. RESULTS Pre-operative CDG was highly predictive of post-operative tumour stage, including the prediction of occult lymph node metastasis. Uni- and multivariate analysis revealed CDG to be an independent prognosticator of overall, disease-specific and disease-free survival (p < 0.001). Hazard ratio for disease-specific survival was 6.1 (11.1) for nG2 (nG3) compared with nG1 tumours. CONCLUSIONS CDG is a strong outcome predictor in the pre-treatment scenario of HNSCC and identifies patients with nodal-negative disease. CDG is a purely histology-based prognosticator in the pre-therapeutic setting that supplements clinical staging and may aide therapeutic stratification of HNSCC patients.
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10
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Gvetadze SR, Xiong P, Nadtochiy AG, Vozgoment OB, Ilkaev KD, Didbaridze DA, Sun J. [Capabilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for preoperative assessment of regional lymphatic basin in patients with early oral cavity squamous cell cancer]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2019; 98:123-129. [PMID: 31322608 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201998031123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review paper describes the possibilities of visualization of regional lymph nodes using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Discussed is the experience of contrast-enhanced ultrasound implication for differential diagnosis of regional metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. The basics of the technique of contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the neck lymphatic basin are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh R Gvetadze
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Russia, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A G Nadtochiy
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O B Vozgoment
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of radiologic diagnosis of childhood age, Moscow, Russia
| | - K D Ilkaev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Didbaridze
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - J Sun
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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11
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Lee H, Roh J, Cho K, Choi S, Nam SY, Kim SY. Number of positive lymph nodes better predicts survival for oral cavity cancer. J Surg Oncol 2019; 119:675-682. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Lyel Roh
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ja Cho
- Department of PathologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Ho Choi
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Yuhl Nam
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhou C, Li J, Li Q, Liu H, Ye D, Wu Z, Shen Z, Deng H. The clinical significance of HOXA9 promoter hypermethylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22873. [PMID: 30843252 PMCID: PMC6595302 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to assess the association between HOXA9 (homeobox A9) promoter methylation and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its diagnostic value. METHODS Quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was applied to measure HOXA9 promoter methylation levels in 145 paired HNSCC and corresponding normal tissue samples. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 578; 528 HNSCC and 50 normal) were also analyzed. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of HOXA9 promoter methylation were detected in HNSCC, compared with normal, tissues (our cohort: P = 1.06E-35; TCGA cohort: P = 3.06E-39). Moreover, HOXA9 methylation was significantly increased in patients with advanced tumor (T) stage, lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. Areas under the receiver characteristic curves (AUCs) based on our cohort and TCGA data were 0.930 and 0.967, respectively. CONCLUSION In summary, our study reveals that HOXA9 promoter hypermethylation contributes to the risk of HNSCC and its progression and metastasis. Additionally, HOXA9 hypermethylation is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and screening of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Huigao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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13
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Dai J, Mu JW, Mu H. Long non-coding RNA CRNDE regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3330-3340. [PMID: 30867767 PMCID: PMC6396137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) can promote the migration and invasion of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells via the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAL-27 and SCC-15 cells were classified into a control group, a small interfering negative control (si-NC) group (cells transfected with control siRNA) and an si-CRNDE group (cells transfected with CRNDE siRNA). The expression of CRNDE in OSCC tissues and cell lines was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed to determine cell apoptosis, wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate cell metastasis, and immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed to measure the expression of proteins associated with EMT. Tumor-bearing mouse models were established, and the tumor volumes were recorded. An immunohistochemical assay was performed to determine the expression of EMT-related proteins. CRNDE expression was increased in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with that in normal tissues and cell lines. Compared with the control group, the si-CRNDE group displayed a reduction in the expression of CRNDE, in the proliferation, migration and invasion of cells, in the protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, and in the expression of proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, an increase was displayed in the apoptosis of cells and the expression of E-cadherin. Compared with the control group of tumor-bearing nude mice, the sh-CRNDE group demonstrated slowed tumor growth, reduced tumor weight and elevated E-cadherin, as well as reduced expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail. In conclusion, silencing CRNDE may inhibit EMT, thus decreasing the migration and invasion of human OSCC cells by repressing the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby restricting cell growth and promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
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14
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de Bree R, Takes RP, Shah JP, Hamoir M, Kowalski LP, Robbins KT, Rodrigo JP, Sanabria A, Medina JE, Rinaldo A, Shaha AR, Silver C, Suárez C, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Ferlito A. Elective neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Past, present and future. Oral Oncol 2019; 90:87-93. [PMID: 30846183 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In 1994 a decision analysis, based on the literature and utility ratings for outcome by a panel of experienced head and neck physicians, was presented which showed a threshold probability of occult metastases of 20% to recommend elective treatment of the neck. It was stated that recommendations for the management of the cN0 neck are not immutable and should be reconfigured to determine the optimal management based on different sets of underlying assumptions. Although much has changed and is published in the almost 25 years after its publication, up to date this figure is still mentioned in the context of decisions on treatment of the clinically negative (cN0) neck. Therefore, we critically reviewed the developments in diagnostics and therapy and modeling approaches in the context of decisions on treatment of the cN0 neck. However, the results of studies on treatment of the cN0 neck cannot be translated to other settings due to significant differences in relevant variables such as population, culture, diagnostic work-up, follow-up, costs, institutional preferences and other factors. Moreover, patients may have personal preferences and may weigh oncologic outcomes versus morbidity and quality of life differently. Therefore, instead of trying to establish "the" best strategy for the cN0 neck or "the" optimal cut-off point for elective neck treatment, the approach to optimize the management of the cN0 neck would be to develop and implement models and decision support systems that can serve to optimize choices depending on individual, institutional, population and other relevant variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jatin P Shah
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Hamoir
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Oncology Program, St Luc University Hospital and Cancer Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Department Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Cancer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Thomas Robbins
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Clínica Vida/Instituto de Cancerología Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jesus E Medina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Ashok R Shaha
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Silver
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carlos Suárez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Italy
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15
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Martens RM, Noij DP, Ali M, Koopman T, Marcus JT, Vergeer MR, de Vet H, de Jong MC, Leemans CR, Hoekstra OS, de Bree R, de Graaf P, Boellaard R, Castelijns JA. Functional imaging early during (chemo)radiotherapy for response prediction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; a systematic review. Oral Oncol 2018; 88:75-83. [PMID: 30616800 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review gives an extensive overview of the current state of functional imaging during (chemo)radiotherapy to predict locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for literature until April 2018 assessing the predictive performance of functional imaging (computed tomography perfusion (CTp), MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET)) within 4 weeks after (chemo)radiotherapy initiation. Fifty-two studies (CTp: n = 4, MRI: n = 19, PET: n = 26, MRI/PET: n = 3) were included involving 1623 patients. Prognostic information was extracted according the PRISMA protocol. Pooled estimation and subgroup analyses were performed for comparable parameters and outcome. However, the heterogeneity of included studies limited the possibility for comparison. Early tumoral changes from (chemo)radiotherapy can be captured by functional MRI and 18F-FDG-PET and could allow for personalized treatment adaptation. Lesions showed potentially prognostic intratreatment changes in perfusion, diffusion and metabolic activity. Intratreatment ADCmean increase (decrease of diffusion restriction) and low SUVmax (persistent low or decrease of 18F-FDG uptake) were most predictive of LRC. Intratreatment persistent high or increase of perfusion on CT/MRI (i.e. blood flow, volume, permeability) also predicted LRC. Low SUVmax and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) predicted favorable OS. The optimal timing to perform functional imaging to predict LRC or OS was 2-3 weeks after treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland M Martens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel P Noij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meedie Ali
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Koopman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Tim Marcus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije R Vergeer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrica de Vet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus C de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas A Castelijns
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Zhong L, Liu Y, Wang K, He Z, Gong Z, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Gao X, Li F, Wu H, Zhang S, Chen L. Biomarkers: paving stones on the road towards the personalized precision medicine for oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:911. [PMID: 30241505 PMCID: PMC6151070 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutics have encountered a bottleneck caused by diagnosis delay and subjective and unreliable assessment. Biomarkers can overcome this bottleneck and guide us toward personalized precision medicine for oral squamous cell carcinoma. To achieve this, it is important to efficiently and accurately screen out specific biomarkers from among the huge number of molecules. Progress in omics-based high-throughput technology has laid a solid foundation for biomarker discovery. With credible and systemic biomarker models, more precise and personalized diagnosis and assessment would be achieved and patients would be more likely to be cured and have a higher quality of life. However, this is not straightforward owing to the complexity of molecules involved in tumorigenesis. In this context, there is a need to focus on tumor heterogeneity and homogeneity, which are discussed in detail. In this review, we aim to provide an understanding of biomarker discovery and application for precision medicine of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and have a strong belief that biomarker will pave the road toward future precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaocheng Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjie Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjiang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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17
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González-Arriagada WA, Olivero P, Rodríguez B, Lozano-Burgos C, de Oliveira CE, Coletta RD. Clinicopathological significance of miR-26, miR-107, miR-125b, and miR-203 in head and neck carcinomas. Oral Dis 2018; 24:930-939. [PMID: 29667275 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs play a role in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Our aim was to study the expression of miR-26, miR-107, miR-125b, and miR-203 in primary HNSCC with and without lymph node metastasis and their clinicopathological significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of microRNAs in primary HNSCC with lymph node metastasis (n = 16) and their matched lymph node, as well as primary tumors without metastasis (n = 16), were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed with clinicopathological features and survival. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-26 (p < .05) and miR-125b (p < .01) were higher in metastatic primary HNSCC, while levels of miR-203 (p < .01) were lower. The expression of the microRNAs was associated with clinicopathological features, including miR-26 high expression and N stage (p = .04), poor differentiation (p = .005) and recurrence (p = .007), miR-125b high expression and N stage (p = .0005) and death (p = .02), and low levels of miR-203 and N stage (p = .04). The high expression of miR-26 was associated with shortened disease-free survival, and high miR-125b expression was an independent risk factor for poor disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-26 and miR-125b may be associated with the progression and metastasis of HNSCC and that miR-203 is associated with a more favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A González-Arriagada
- Facultad de Odontología, Patología y Diagnóstico Oral, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P Olivero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - B Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Lozano-Burgos
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C E de Oliveira
- Department Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - R D Coletta
- Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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18
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Leusink FK, Koudounarakis E, Frank MH, Koole R, van Diest PJ, Willems SM. Cathepsin K associates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:385. [PMID: 29618339 PMCID: PMC5885370 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a major determinant of prognosis and treatment planning of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cysteine cathepsins constitute a family of proteolytic enzymes with known role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Involvement in pathological processes, such as inflammation and cancer progression, has been proved. The aim of the study was to discover the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of cathepsin K (CTSK) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Eighty-three patients with primary OSCC, treated surgically between 1996 and 2000, were included. Gene expression data were acquired from a previously reported study. Human papilloma virus (HPV) status was previously determined by an algorithm for HPV-16. CTSK Protein expression was semi-quantitatively determined by immunohistochemistry in tumor and stromal cells. Expression data were correlated with various clinicopathological variables. Results Elevated gene and protein expression of CTSK were strongly associated to LNM and perineural invasion (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis highlighted increased CTSK protein expression in tumor cells as the most significant independent factor of lymphatic metastasis (OR = 7.65, CI:2.31–23.31, p = 0.001). Survival analysis demonstrated CTSK protein expression in both stromal and tumor cells as significant indicators of poor 5-year disease specific survival (HR = 2.40, CI:1.05–5.50, p = 0.038 for stromal cells; HR = 2.79, CI:1.02–7.64, p = 0.045 for tumor cells). Conclusion Upregulation of CTSK seems to be associated with high incidence of lymphatic spread and poor survival in OSCC. CTSK could therefore serve as a predictive biomarker for OSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4315-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Leusink
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eleftherios Koudounarakis
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael H Frank
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koole
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Gvetadze SR, Xiong P, Li J, Lv M, Li J, Yang X, Ilkaev KD, Sun J. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for diagnosis of an enlarged cervical lymph node in a patient with oropharyngeal cancer: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:495-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Gvetadze SR, Lv M, Ilkaev KD, Xiong P, Li J, Yang X, Sun J. [Imaging diagnostic methods for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with early squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity mucosa: a literature review]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2017; 96:69-73. [PMID: 29072651 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201796569-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes properties of clinical visualization approaches which are applied for detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients suffering from oral cavity squamous cell cancer. Diagnostic efficiency results and technological features of different imaging techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Gvetadze
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Lv
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - K D Ilkaev
- Department of head and neck tumors, upper gastro-respiratory tract tumors, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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21
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Mes SW, Te Beest D, Poli T, Rossi S, Scheckenbach K, van Wieringen WN, Brink A, Bertani N, Lanfranco D, Silini EM, van Diest PJ, Bloemena E, Leemans CR, van de Wiel MA, Brakenhoff RH. Prognostic modeling of oral cancer by gene profiles and clinicopathological co-variables. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59312-59323. [PMID: 28938638 PMCID: PMC5601734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate staging and outcome prediction is a major problem in clinical management of oral cancer patients, hampering high precision treatment and adjuvant therapy planning. Here, we have built and validated multivariable models that integrate gene signatures with clinical and pathological variables to improve staging and survival prediction of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gene expression profiles from 249 human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative OSCCs were explored to identify a 22-gene lymph node metastasis signature (LNMsig) and a 40-gene overall survival signature (OSsig). To facilitate future clinical implementation and increase performance, these signatures were transferred to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays and validated in an independent cohort of 125 HPV-negative tumors. When applied in the clinically relevant subgroup of early-stage (cT1-2N0) OSCC, the LNMsig could prevent overtreatment in two-third of the patients. Additionally, the integration of RT-qPCR gene signatures with clinical and pathological variables provided accurate prognostic models for oral cancer, strongly outperforming TNM. Finally, the OSsig gene signature identified a subpopulation of patients, currently considered at low-risk for disease-related survival, who showed an unexpected poor prognosis. These well-validated models will assist in personalizing primary treatment with respect to neck dissection and adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Mes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Te Beest
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tito Poli
- Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- COMT & Department of Life Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wessel N van Wieringen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Brink
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Bertani
- COMT & Department of Life Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Lanfranco
- Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico M Silini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Academic Medical Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Gvetadze SR, Xiong P, Lv M, Li J, Hu J, Ilkaev KD, Yang X, Sun J. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound mapping of sentinel lymph nodes in oral tongue cancer-a pilot study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 46:20160345. [PMID: 28045344 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with peritumoral injection of microbubble contrast agent for detecting the sentinel lymph nodes for oral tongue carcinoma. METHODS The study was carried out on 12 patients with T1-2cN0 oral tongue cancer. A radical resection of the primary disease was planned; a modified radical supraomohyoid neck dissection was reserved for patients with larger lesions (T2, n = 8). The treatment plan and execution were not influenced by sentinel node mapping outcome. The Sonovue™ contrast agent (Bracco Imaging, Milan, Italy) was utilized. After detection, the position and radiologic features of the sentinel nodes were recorded. RESULTS The identification rate of the sentinel nodes was 91.7%; one patient failed to demonstrate any enhanced areas. A total of 15 sentinel nodes were found in the rest of the 11 cases, with a mean of 1.4 nodes for each patient. The sentinel nodes were localized in: Level IA-1 (6.7%) node; Level IB-11 (73.3%) nodes; Level IIA-3 (20.0%) nodes. No contrast-related adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS For oral tongue tumours, CEUS is a feasible and potentially widely available approach of sentinel node mapping. Further clinical research is required to establish the position of CEUS detection of the sentinel nodes in oral cavity cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalva R Gvetadze
- 1 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Reconstructive Maxillofacial Surgery with Microsurgery and External Prosthetics, Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia.,3 Department of Consulting and Diagnostics, Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ping Xiong
- 4 Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- 1 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- 1 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- 1 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantin D Ilkaev
- 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xin Yang
- 1 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- 1 Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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23
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Noorlag R, Boeve K, Witjes MJH, Koole R, Peeters TLM, Schuuring E, Willems SM, van Es RJJ. Amplification and protein overexpression of cyclin D1: Predictor of occult nodal metastasis in early oral cancer. Head Neck 2016; 39:326-333. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Koos Boeve
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Max J. H. Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koole
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ton L. M. Peeters
- Department of Pathology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. J. van Es
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology; University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center; Utrecht The Netherlands
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24
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Den Toom IJ, Bloemena E, van Weert S, Karagozoglu KH, Hoekstra OS, de Bree R. Additional non-sentinel lymph node metastases in early oral cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:961-968. [PMID: 27561671 PMCID: PMC5281672 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine risk factors for additional non-sentinel lymph node metastases in neck dissection specimens of patients with early stage oral cancer and a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). A retrospective analysis of 36 previously untreated SLNB positive patients in our institution and investigation of currently available literature of positive SLNB patients in early stage oral cancer was done. Degree of metastatic involvement [classified as isolated tumor cells (ITC), micro- and macrometastasis] of the sentinel lymph node (SLN), the status of other SLNs, and additional non-SLN metastases in neck dissection specimens were analyzed. Of 27 studies, comprising 511 patients with positive SLNs, the pooled prevalence of non-SLN metastasis in patients with positive SLNs was 31 %. Non-SLN metastases were detected (available from 9 studies) in 13, 20, and 40 % of patients with ITC, micro-, and macrometastasis in the SLN, respectively. The probability of non-SLN metastasis seems to be higher in the case of more than one positive SLN (29 vs. 24 %), the absence of negative SLNs (40 vs. 19 %), and a positive SLN ratio of more than 50 % (38 vs. 19 %). Additional non-SLN metastases were found in 31 % of neck dissections following positive SLNB. The presence of multiple positive SLNs, the absence of negative SLNs, and a positive SLN ratio of more than 50 % may be predictive factors for non-SLN metastases. Classification of SLNs into ITC, micro-, and macrometastasis in the future SLNB studies is important to answer the question if treatment of the neck is always needed after positive SLNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inne J Den Toom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA) Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn van Weert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Hakki Karagozoglu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA) Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Zeng G, Xun W, Wei K, Yang Y, Shen H. MicroRNA-27a-3p regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition via targeting YAP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1475-82. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Dik EA, Willems SM, Ipenburg NA, Rosenberg AJWP, Van Cann EM, van Es RJJ. Watchful waiting of the neck in early stage oral cancer is unfavourable for patients with occult nodal disease. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:945-50. [PMID: 27055978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For cT1/2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), treatment of the neck is a matter of debate. Two treatment strategies were evaluated in this study: selective neck dissection (SND) and watchful waiting (WW). One hundred and twenty-three SND patients and 70 WW patients with cT1/T2N0M0 OSCC of the tongue, floor of mouth, or buccal mucosa were analysed retrospectively. Extracapsular spread (ECS), 3-year overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were determined. Twenty-nine percent of SND patients and 13% of WW patients had occult nodal disease. WW-N+ patients showed thicker tumours as compared to WW-N0 patients (5mm vs. 2mm, P=0.02). WW-N+ patients showed significantly more ECS as compared to SND-N+ patients (56% vs. 14%, P=0.016) and had a significantly worse 3-year DSS than SND-N+ patients (56% vs. 82%, P=0.02). For T1 OSCCs, a watchful waiting policy is acceptable if tumour thickness proves to be <4mm. Otherwise, an additional treatment of the neck is advised, since WW-N+ patients show more ECS, with a worse DSS than SND-N+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Dik
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - S M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - N A Ipenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A J W P Rosenberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E M Van Cann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R J J van Es
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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27
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Green B, Bisase B, Godden D, Mitchell DA, Brennan PA. Current surgical management of metastases in the neck from mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Mes SW, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. Applications of molecular diagnostics for personalized treatment of head and neck cancer: state of the art. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:205-21. [PMID: 26620464 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1126512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are the sixth most frequent tumors worldwide. Risk factors are carcinogenic exposure, infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and genetic predisposition. Lymph node metastasis in the neck and HPV status are major prognostic factors. There are several important clinical challenges that determine the research agenda in head and neck cancer. The first is more accurate staging, particularly of occult metastatic lymph nodes in the neck. A second challenge is the lack of biomarkers for personalized therapy. There are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed both single and in combination, but at present only site and stage of the tumor are used for treatment planning. Provided here is an overview of the successes and failures of molecular diagnostic approaches that have been and are being evaluated to address these clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Mes
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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29
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Madana J, Laliberté F, Morand GB, Yolmo D, Black MJ, Mlynarek AM, Hier MP. Computerized tomography based tumor-thickness measurement is useful to predict postoperative pathological tumor thickness in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 44:49. [PMID: 26573595 PMCID: PMC4647627 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-015-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor thickness has been shown in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) to be a predictor of cervical metastasis. The postoperative histological measurement is certainly the most accurate, but it would be of clinical interest to gain this information prior to treatment planning. This retrospective study aimed to compare the tumor thickness measurement between preoperative, CT scan, and surgical specimens . Methods We retrospectively included 116 OTSCC patients between 2001 and 2013. Thickness was measured on computer tomography imaging and again surgical specimens. Results The median age was 66 years. 62.8 % of patients were smokers with a mean of 31.4 pack-years. Positive nodal disease was reported in 41.2 %. Mean follow-up time was 33.1 months. The correlation between CT scan-based tumor thickness and surgical specimens based thickness was significant (Spearman rho = 0.755, P < 0.001). Conclusion Tumor thickness assessed by CT scan may provide an accurate estimation of true thickness and can be used in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Madana
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Frederick Laliberté
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Grégoire B Morand
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Deeke Yolmo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Martin J Black
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Alex M Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Michael P Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1E2.
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30
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Muhanna N, Cui L, Chan H, Burgess L, Jin CS, MacDonald TD, Huynh E, Wang F, Chen J, Irish JC, Zheng G. Multimodal Image-Guided Surgical and Photodynamic Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer: From Primary Tumor to Metastatic Drainage. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:961-70. [PMID: 26463705 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The low survival rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is attributable to late disease diagnosis and high recurrence rate. Current HNC staging has inadequate accuracy and low sensitivity for effective diagnosis and treatment management. The multimodal porphyrin lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticle (PLP), intrinsically capable of positron emission tomography (PET), fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), shows great potential to enhance the accuracy of HNC staging and potentially HNC management. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a clinically relevant VX-2 buccal carcinoma rabbit model that is able to consistently develop metastasis to regional lymph nodes after tumor induction, we investigated the abilities of PLP for HNC diagnosis and management. RESULTS PLPs facilitated accurate detection of primary tumor and metastatic nodes (their PET image signal to surrounding muscle ratios were 10.0 and 7.3, respectively), and provided visualization of the lymphatic drainage from tumor to regional lymph nodes by both preoperative PET and intraoperative fluorescence imaging, allowing the identification of unknown primaries and recurrent tumors. PLP-PDT significantly enhanced cell apoptosis in mouse tumors (73.2% of PLP-PDT group vs 7.1% of PLP alone group) and demonstrated complete eradication of primary tumors and obstruction of tumor metastasis in HNC rabbit model without toxicity in normal tissues or damage to adjacent critical structures. CONCLUSIONS PLPs provide a multimodal imaging and therapy platform that could enhance HNC diagnosis by integrating PET/computed tomography and fluorescence imaging, and improve HNC therapeutic efficacy and specificity by tailoring treatment via fluorescence-guided surgery and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Muhanna
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liyang Cui
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Harley Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Burgess
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheng S Jin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas D MacDonald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Huynh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jonathan C Irish
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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31
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Dik EA, Ipenburg NA, Adriaansens SO, Kessler PA, van Es RJ, Willems SM. Poor Correlation of Histologic Parameters Between Biopsy and Resection Specimen in Early Stage Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:659-66. [PMID: 26386088 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpfivhhh7q3blx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infiltration depth, perineural growth (PG), vascular invasive growth (VG), and infiltrative growth (IG) are associated with regional metastases in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Preoperative knowledge of these parameters could facilitate the treatment planning of the neck. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the biopsy specimen correlates with the resection specimen. METHODS In total, 149 patients with a pT1-2cN0 OSCC were included. Biopsy thickness and tumor thickness were analyzed. Occurrence of PG, VG, and IG was determined on biopsy and resection specimens and correlated with the N status and survival. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and diagnostic gain of the biopsy specimen were calculated. RESULTS N+ patients showed PG, VG, and IG significantly more often in the resection specimen compared with N- patients (P = .02, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively). Histologic parameters in the biopsy specimens did not correlate with N status or survival. The positive diagnostic gain for biopsy specimens with PG, VG, and IG was 57%, 40%, and 19%, respectively. The negative diagnostic gain was 2%, 0%, and 22%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Histologic parameters in biopsy specimens do not represent the resection specimen. Determination of histologic parameters in routinely taken biopsy specimens of OSCC is not helpful in deciding whether to treat the neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Dik
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Norbertus A. Ipenburg
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sven O. Adriaansens
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Kessler
- Department of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. van Es
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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32
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van Kempen PMW, Noorlag R, Braunius WW, Moelans CB, Rifi W, Savola S, Koole R, Grolman W, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. Clinical relevance of copy number profiling in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2015. [PMID: 26194878 PMCID: PMC4618623 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current conventional treatment modalities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are nonselective and have shown to cause serious side effects. Unraveling the molecular profiles of head and neck cancer may enable promising clinical applications that pave the road for personalized cancer treatment. We examined copy number status in 36 common oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a cohort of 191 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) and 164 oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) using multiplex ligation probe amplification. Copy number status was correlated with human papillomavirus (HPV) status in OPSCC, with occult lymph node status in OSCC and with patient survival. The 11q13 region showed gain or amplifications in 59% of HPV-negative OPSCC, whereas this amplification was almost absent in HPV-positive OPSCC. Additionally, in clinically lymph node-negative OSCC (Stage I–II), gain of the 11q13 region was significantly correlated with occult lymph node metastases with a negative predictive value of 81%. Multivariate survival analysis revealed a significantly decreased disease-free survival in both HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCC with a gain of Wnt-induced secreted protein-1. Gain of CCND1 showed to be an independent predictor for worse survival in OSCC. These results show that copy number aberrations, mainly of the 11q13 region, may be important predictors and prognosticators which allow for stratifying patients for personalized treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weibel W Braunius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Widad Rifi
- Tumor diagnostics, MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suvi Savola
- Tumor diagnostics, MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koole
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J J van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Liao LJ, Hsu WL, Wang CT, Lo WC, Lai MS. Analysis of sentinel node biopsy combined with other diagnostic tools in staging cN0 head and neck cancer: A diagnostic meta-analysis. Head Neck 2015; 38:628-34. [PMID: 25524256 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this was to find a staging strategy sensitive enough to reduce the risk of occult metastases in cN0 head and neck cancer to below 15% to 20%. METHODS A total of 73 articles were selected for analysis of the diagnostic performance in staging cN0 head and neck cancer. Hypothetical estimation of negative predictive value (NPV) was calculated based on the Bayesian theory. RESULTS The pooled estimates for sensitivity were 56.4% and 84.9% for ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and sentinel node biopsy (SNB). The pooled estimates for sensitivity were 47.0%, 56.6%, 48.3%, and 63.3% for CT, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound, respectively. The pooled estimates for specificity were 88.9%, 82.5%, 86.2%, and 79.1% for CT, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. In estimation, the CT or MRI with SNB strategies had NPV higher than 85% even when the pretest metastatic rate was 60%. CONCLUSION The SNB procedure has the best performance. A combination of CT/MRI and SNB for cN0 head and neck cancer is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Wang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Comparative Effectiveness Research, National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Coskun HH, Medina JE, Robbins KT, Silver CE, Strojan P, Teymoortash A, Pellitteri PK, Rodrigo JP, Stoeckli SJ, Shaha AR, Suçrez C, Hartl DM, de Bree R, Takes RP, Hamoir M, Pitman KT, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 37:915-26. [PMID: 24623715 PMCID: PMC4991629 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neck dissection is an important treatment for metastases from upper aerodigestive carcinoma; an event that markedly reduces survival. Since its inception, the philosophy of the procedure has undergone significant change from one of radicalism to the current conservative approach. Furthermore, nonsurgical modalities have been introduced, and, in many situations, have supplanted neck surgery. The refinements of imaging the neck based on the concept of neck level involvement has encouraged new philosophies to evolve that seem to benefit patient outcomes particularly as this relates to diminished morbidity. The purpose of this review was to highlight the new paradigms for surgical removal of neck metastases using an evidence-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Hakan Coskun
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jesus E. Medina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - K. Thomas Robbins
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Carl E. Silver
- Departments of Surgery and Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Afshin Teymoortash
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Phillip K. Pellitteri
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Guthrie Health System, Sayre, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncologıa del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sandro J. Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ashok R. Shaha
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Suçrez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncologıa del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dana M. Hartl
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Phonétique et de Phonologie, Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hamoir
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Oncology Program, St Luc University Hospital and Cancer Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen T. Pitman
- Department of Surgery, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona
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Leusink FK, van Diest P, Frank M, Broekhuizen R, Braunius W, van Hooff S, Willems SM, Koole R. The Co-Expression of Kallikrein 5 and Kallikrein 7 Associates with Poor Survival in Non-HPV Oral Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. Pathobiology 2015; 82:58-67. [DOI: 10.1159/000381904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Noorlag R, van Kempen PMW, Stegeman I, Koole R, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. The diagnostic value of 11q13 amplification and protein expression in the detection of nodal metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Virchows Arch 2015; 466:363-73. [PMID: 25663615 PMCID: PMC4392171 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not changed significantly over the last decades. Prognosis of OSCC particularly depends on the presence of nodal metastasis in the neck. Therefore, proper determination of the nodal status is pivotal for appropriate treatment. Unfortunately, current available imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound even with fine needle aspiration of suspected lymph nodes (LNs)) fail to detect occult nodal disease accurately. Clinicians in head and neck oncology urgently need new diagnostic tools to reliably determine the presence of nodal metastasis of the neck. Gain of the chromosomal region 11q13 is one of the most prominent genetic alterations in head and neck cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the diagnostic value of either 11q13 amplification or amplification/protein overexpression of individual genes located on 11q13 to detect nodal metastasis in OSCC. A search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane, and 947 unique citations were retrieved. Two researchers independently screened all articles and only 18 were found to meet our inclusion criteria and were considered of sufficient quality for meta-analysis. Pooled results of those show that both amplification of CCND1 and protein overexpression of cyclin D1 significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in OSCC. In addition, amplification of CCND1 shows a negative predictive value of 80 % in the detection of LNM in early stage OSCCs which are clinically lymph node negative although this evidence is sparse and should be validated in a larger homogeneous cohort of T1-2 OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline M. W. van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ron Koole
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert J. J. van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H4.241, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Head and neck cancer: towards a new paradigm with sentinel node localization. Clin Transl Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-014-0096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Payne KFB, Haq J, Brown J, Connor S. The role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis, lymph node staging and assessment of treatment response of head and neck cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 44:1-7. [PMID: 25442741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography continue to be the imaging modalities of choice in staging and reviewing patients with head and neck cancer. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is an advanced imaging modality that records the molecular diffusion of protons and thus provides an opportunity to further assess tissue character. Interest in DW-MRI of the head and neck continues to grow, especially its application to the assessment and treatment of head and neck cancer. We highlight the potential role of DW-MRI in the delineation, characterization, and lymph node staging of head and neck tumours. Furthermore, we discuss the ability of DW-MRI to provide a real opportunity to differentiate post-treatment tumour recurrence from chemoradiotherapy-induced local tissue changes. The future impact of these findings upon the clinical practice of the head and neck surgeon is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F B Payne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
| | - J Haq
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Brown
- Department of Dental Radiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Connor
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Noorlag R, van der Groep P, Leusink FKJ, van Hooff SR, Frank MH, Willems SM, van Es RJJ. Nodal metastasis and survival in oral cancer: Association with protein expression of SLPI, not with LCN2, TACSTD2, or THBS2. Head Neck 2014; 37:1130-6. [PMID: 24764155 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression profiling revealed a strong signature predicting lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Four of the most predictive genes are secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), thrombospondin-2 (THBS2), and tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2). This study correlates their protein expression with lymph node metastases, overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). METHODS Two hundred twelve patients with OSCC were included for protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SLPI expression correlates with lymph node metastases in the whole cohort, not in a subgroup of cT1 to 2N0. SLPI expression correlates with OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61) and DSS (HR = 0.47) in multivariate analysis. LCN2, THBS2, and TACSTD2 show no correlation with lymph node metastases, OS, or DSS. CONCLUSION Although SLPI expression correlates with lymph node metastases, it has no additional value in determining lymph node metastases in early oral cancer. However, it is an independent predictor for both OS and DSS and therefore a relevant prognostic biomarker in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra van der Groep
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank K J Leusink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michaël H Frank
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J J van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Si J, Huang S, Shi H, Liu Z, Hu Q, Wang G, Shen G, Zhang D. Usefulness of 3T diffusion-weighted MRI for discrimination of reactive and metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014; 43:20130202. [PMID: 24408820 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the diagnostic accuracy of 3T diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) for the discrimination of reactive and metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS DW T1 and T2 weighted MRI was performed in 25 patients with biopsy-proved primary oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of 30 histopathologically proved reactive lymph nodes and 21 histopathologically proved metastatic lymph nodes were compared using an unpaired t-test. A cut-off ADC value with optimal diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve in discrimination of the two groups was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The mean ADC values of reactive lymph node and metastatic lymph node groups were (1.037 ± 0.149) × 10(-3) and (0.702 ± 0.197) × 10(-3) mm(2) s(-1), respectively. A statistically significant difference in ADC values of the two groups was certified (p < 0.0001). An optimal ADC threshold value of 0.887 × 10(-3) mm(2) s(-1) was suggested as the cut-off point, which resulted in 93.33% sensitivity, 80.95% specificity, 88.20% accuracy and area under curve of 0.887. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study indicates that the addition of 3T DW-MRI may be useful for discriminating between reactive lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, larger studies are still required to validate our results and to standardize this imaging technique for daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Si
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Elective neck dissection versus observation for cN0 neck of squamous cell carcinoma primarily located in the maxillary gingiva and alveolar ridge: a retrospective study of 129 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:556-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hunt JL, Barnes L, Lewis JS, Mahfouz ME, Slootweg PJ, Thompson LDR, Cardesa A, Devaney KO, Gnepp DR, Westra WH, Rodrigo JP, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Triantafyllou A, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Molecular diagnostic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and potential diagnostic applications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:211-23. [PMID: 23467835 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that continues to be difficult to treat and cure. In many organ systems and tumor types, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for tumorigenesis, disease progression and genetic implications for therapeutics. Although tumorigenesis pathways and the molecular etiologies of HNSCC have been extensively studied, there are still very few diagnostic clinical applications used in practice today. This review discusses current clinically applicable molecular markers, including viral detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus, and molecular targets that are used in diagnosis and management of HNSCC. The common oncogenes EGFR, RAS, CCND1, BRAF, and PIK3CA and tumor suppressor genes p53, CDKN2A and NOTCH are discussed for their associations with HNSCC. Discussion of markers with potential future applications is also included, with a focus on molecular alterations associated with targeted therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA
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de Bree R. How to analyze the diagnostic value of sentinel node biopsy in head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 270:789-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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