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Beyze A, Larroque C, Le Quintrec M. The role of antibody glycosylation in autoimmune and alloimmune kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0. [PMID: 38961307 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin glycosylation is a pivotal mechanism that drives the diversification of antibody functions. The composition of the IgG glycome is influenced by environmental factors, genetic traits and inflammatory contexts. Differential IgG glycosylation has been shown to intricately modulate IgG effector functions and has a role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Analysis of IgG glycosylation is therefore a promising tool for predicting disease severity. Several autoimmune and alloimmune disorders, including critical and potentially life-threatening conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection, are driven by immunoglobulin. In certain IgG-driven kidney diseases, including primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, particular glycome characteristics can enhance in situ complement activation and the recruitment of innate immune cells, resulting in more severe kidney damage. Hypofucosylation, hypogalactosylation and hyposialylation are the most common IgG glycosylation traits identified in these diseases. Modulating IgG glycosylation could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for regulating the immune mechanisms that underlie IgG-driven kidney diseases and potentially reduce the burden of immunosuppressive drugs in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Beyze
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christian Larroque
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Tang Y, Feng X, Lu Q, Cui C, Yu M, Wen Z, Luan Y, Dong L, Hu Z, Zhang R, Lu C, Liu J, Shinkura R, Hase K, Wang JY. MZB1-mediated IgA secretion suppresses the development and progression of colorectal cancer triggered by gut inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:450-460. [PMID: 38101774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the top causes of mortality globally. Gut inflammation is one crucial risk factor that augments CRC development since patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have an increased incidence of CRC. The role of immunoglobulin (Ig)A in maintaining gut homeostasis and preventing inflammation has been well established. Our earlier work demonstrated that the marginal zone and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) promotes gut IgA secretion and its absence results in pronounced dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis. In the present study, we explored the role of MZB1 in CRC development using the azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC model. We observed an increase in both the number and size of the tumor nodules in Mzb1-/- mice compared with Mzb1+/+ mice. The increase in CRC development and progression in Mzb1-/- mice was associated with reduced intestinal IgA levels, altered gut flora, and more severe gut and systemic inflammation. Oral administration of the monoclonal IgA, W27, alleviated both the gut inflammation and AOM/DSS-induced CRC. Notably, cohousing Mzb1+/+ and Mzb1-/- mice from the 10th day after birth led to similar CRC development. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of MZB1-mediated IgA secretion in suppressing the onset and progression of CRC triggered by gut inflammation. Moreover, our study highlights the profound impact of microbiota composition, modulated by gut IgA levels, on gut inflammation. Nonetheless, establishing a direct correlation between the severity of colitis and subsequent CRC development and the presence or absence of a particular microbiota is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichao Wen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Luan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity, Shanghai 200052, China.
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3
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Chang L, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Li Y, Zhong B, Zhao Z, Chen C, Qian C, Ni Q, Zou Q, Wu Y, Li J, Zou L. B cell receptor repertoire analysis in primary Sjogren's syndrome salivary glands identifies repertoire features associated with clinical activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:62. [PMID: 38454506 PMCID: PMC10918881 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease featuring damage to salivary and lacrimal glands, with the possibility of manifestations across multiple organs. Antibody-producing B cells have long been appreciated to play a significant role in pSS pathogenesis, with a number of autoreactive antibody species having been identified to be elevated in pSS patients. While several studies have attempted to characterize the BCR repertoires of peripheral blood B cells in pSS patients, much remains unknown about the repertoire characteristics of gland-infiltrating B cells. METHODS Through paired scRNAseq and scBCRseq, we profiled the BCR repertoires of both infiltrating and circulating B cells in a small cohort of patients. We further utilize receptor reconstruction analyses to further investigate repertoire characteristics in a wider cohort of pSS patients previously profiled through RNAseq. RESULTS Via integrated BCR and transcriptome analysis of B cell clones, we generate a trajectory progression pattern for infiltrated memory B cells in pSS. We observe significant differences in BCR repertoires between the peripheral blood and labial gland B cells of pSS patients in terms of relative expansion, isotype usage, and BCR clustering. We further observe significant decreases in IgA2 isotype usage among pSS patient labial and parotid gland B cells these analyses relative to controls as well as a positive correlation between kappa/lambda light chain usage and clinical disease activity. CONCLUSIONS Through BCR repertoire analysis of pSS patient salivary glands, we identify a number of novel repertoire characteristics that may serve as useful indicators of clinical disease and disease activity. By collecting these BCR repertoires into an accessible database, we hope to also enable comparative analysis of patient repertoires in pSS and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinong Li
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Chengshun Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Qian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingshan Ni
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liyun Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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4
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Chen M, Wang J, Yuan M, Long M, Sun Y, Wang S, Luo W, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Jiang W, Chao J. AT2 cell-derived IgA trapped by the extracellular matrix in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110545. [PMID: 37390644 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by various factors such as exposure to workplace environmental contaminants, drugs, or X-rays. Epithelial cells are among the driving factors of pulmonary fibrosis. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), traditionally thought to be secreted by B cells, is an important immune factor involved in respiratory mucosal immunity. In the current study, we found that lung epithelial cells are involved in IgA secretion, which, in turn, promotes pulmonary fibrosis. Spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing suggest that Igha transcripts were highly expressed in the fibrotic lesion areas of lungs from silica-treated mice. Reconstruction of B-cell receptor (BCR) sequences revealed a new cluster of AT2-like epithelial cells with a shared BCR and high expression of genes related to IgA production. Furthermore, the secretion of IgA by AT2-like cells was trapped by the extracellular matrix and aggravated pulmonary fibrosis by activating fibroblasts. Targeted blockade of IgA secretion by pulmonary epithelial cells may be a potential strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuheng Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Science, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shanxi, China.
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Sun M, Ju J, Xu H, Wang Y. Intestinal fungi and antifungal secretory immunoglobulin A in Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177504. [PMID: 37359518 PMCID: PMC10285161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of commensal microorganisms. Emerging evidence points to a possible link between intestinal fungal dysbiosis and antifungal mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease, especially in Crohn's disease (CD). As a protective factor for the gut mucosa, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) prevents bacteria from invading the intestinal epithelium and maintains a healthy microbiota community. In recent years, the roles of antifungal SIgA antibodies in mucosal immunity, including the regulation of intestinal immunity binding to hyphae-associated virulence factors, are becoming increasingly recognized. Here we review the current knowledge on intestinal fungal dysbiosis and antifungal mucosal immunity in healthy individuals and in patients with CD, discuss the factors governing antifungal SIgA responses in the intestinal mucosa in the latter group, and highlight potential antifungal vaccines targeting SIgA to prevent CD.
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6
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Bernshtein B, Kelly M, Cizmeci D, Zhiteneva JA, Macvicar R, Kamruzzaman M, Bhuiyan TR, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Qadri F, Charles RC, Xu P, Kováč P, Kaminski RW, Alter G, Ryan ET. Shigella O-specific polysaccharide functional IgA responses mediate protection against shigella infection in an endemic high-burden setting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539451. [PMID: 37205407 PMCID: PMC10187263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Shigella is the second leading cause of diarrheal disease-related death in young children in low and middle income countries. The mechanism of protection against shigella infection and disease in endemic areas is uncertain. While historically LPS-specific IgG titers have been associated with protection in endemic settings, emerging deeper immune approaches have recently elucidated a protective role for IpaB-specific antibody responses in a controlled human challenge model in North American volunteers. To deeply interrogate potential correlates of immunity in areas endemic for shigellosis, here we applied a systems approach to analyze the serological response to shigella across endemic and non-endemic populations. Additionally, we analyzed shigella-specific antibody responses over time in the context of endemic resistance or breakthrough infections in a high shigella burden location. Individuals with endemic exposure to shigella possessed broad and functional antibody responses across both glycolipid and protein antigens compared to individuals from non-endemic regions. In high shigella burden settings, elevated levels of OSP-specific FcαR binding antibodies were associated with resistance to shigellosis. OSP-specific FcαR binding IgA found in resistant individuals activated bactericidal neutrophil functions including phagocytosis, degranulation and reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, IgA depletion from resistant serum significantly reduced binding of OSP-specific antibodies to FcαR and antibody mediated activation of neutrophils and monocytes. Overall, our findings suggest that OSP-specific functional IgA responses contribute to protective immunity against shigella infection in high-burden settings. These findings will assist in the development and evaluation of shigella vaccines.
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7
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Mes L, Steffen U, Chen HJ, Veth J, Hoepel W, Griffith GR, Schett G, den Dunnen J. IgA2 immune complexes selectively promote inflammation by human CD103+ dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116435. [PMID: 37006318 PMCID: PMC10061090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While immunoglobulin A (IgA) is well known for its neutralizing and anti-inflammatory function, it is becoming increasingly clear that IgA can also induce human inflammatory responses by various different immune cells. Yet, little is known about the relative role of induction of inflammation by the two IgA subclasses i.e. IgA1, most prominent subclass in circulation, and IgA2, most prominent subclass in the lower intestine. Here, we set out to study the inflammatory function of IgA subclasses on different human myeloid immune cell subsets, including monocytes, and in vitro differentiated macrophages and intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). While individual stimulation with IgA immune complexes only induced limited inflammatory responses by human immune cells, both IgA subclasses strongly amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon co-stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as Pam3CSK4, PGN, and LPS. Strikingly, while IgA1 induced slightly higher or similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages, respectively, IgA2 induced substantially more inflammation than IgA1 by CD103+ DCs. In addition to pro-inflammatory cytokine proteins, IgA2 also induced higher mRNA expression levels, indicating that amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokine production is at least partially regulated at the level of gene transcription. Interestingly, cytokine amplification by IgA1 was almost completely dependent on Fc alpha receptor I (FcαRI), whilst blocking this receptor only partially reduced cytokine induction by IgA2. In addition, IgA2-induced amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokines was less dependent on signaling through the kinases Syk, PI3K, and TBK1/IKKϵ. Combined, these findings indicate that IgA2 immune complexes, which are most abundantly expressed in the lower intestine, particularly promote inflammation by human CD103+ intestinal DCs. This may serve an important physiological function upon infection, by enabling inflammatory responses by this otherwise tolerogenic DC subset. Since various inflammatory disorders are characterized by disturbances in IgA subclass balance, this may also play a role in the induction or exacerbation of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Mes
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Romeo Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen den Dunnen,
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8
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Li R, Wen Y, Yang L, Qian QS, Chen XX, Zhang JQ, Li X, Xing BS, Qiao S, Zhang G. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on viral antigen capture by anti-spike glycoprotein monoclonal antibody for detecting immunoglobulin A antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in milk. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:46. [PMID: 36765329 PMCID: PMC9921583 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by PED virus (PEDV), is a severe enteric disease burdening the global swine industry in recent years. Especially, the mortality of PED in neonatal piglets approaches 100%. Maternal antibodies in milk, particularly immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies, are of great importance for protection neonatal suckling piglets against PEDV infection as passive lactogenic immunity. Therefore, appropriate detection methods are required for detecting PEDV IgA antibodies in milk. In the current study, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PEDV spike (S) glycoprotein. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently developed based on PEDV antigen capture by a specific anti-S mAb. RESULTS The developed ELISA showed high sensitivity (the maximum dilution of milk samples up to 1:1280) and repeatability (coefficient of variation values < 10%) in detecting PEDV IgA antibody positive and negative milk samples. More importantly, the developed ELISA showed a high coincidence rate with a commercial ELISA kit for PEDV IgA antibody detection in clinical milk samples. CONCLUSIONS The developed ELISA in the current study is applicable for PEDV IgA antibody detection in milk samples, which is beneficial for evaluating vaccination efficacies and neonate immune status against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Ying Wen
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Qi-sheng Qian
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Xin-xin Chen
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Jia-qing Zhang
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Xuewu Li
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Bao-song Xing
- grid.495707.80000 0001 0627 4537Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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9
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Parsons BW, Drysdale RL, Cvengros JE, Utterback PL, Rochell SJ, Parsons CM, Emmert JL. Quantification of secretory IgA and mucin excretion and their contributions to total endogenous amino acid losses in roosters that were fasted or precision-fed a nitrogen-free diet or various highly digestible protein sources. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102554. [PMID: 36878100 PMCID: PMC10006854 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify total secretory IgA (sIgA) and mucin excretion via excreta in roosters fed diets containing highly digestible protein sources and to determine their proportional contributions to total endogenous amino acid (AA) losses. Precision-fed rooster assays with 24 h excreta collections were conducted using conventional White Leghorn roosters (4-8 roosters per treatment). In Experiment 1, roosters were fasted or precision-fed 30 g (crop intubation) of a nitrogen-free (NF) or semi-purified diet containing 10% casein. Roosters in Experiment 2 received a NF or semi-purified diet containing either 10% casein, 17% whole egg, 10% egg white, 9.8% soy protein isolate, 10.2% chicken breast meat, 11.2% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), or an AA mixture containing the same AA as casein. A Latin square design was used in Experiment 3, where roosters received NF or semi-purified diets containing either 10% casein, 17% whole egg, or 9.6% of a crystalline AA mixture to evaluate both diet and individual bird effects. In Experiment 1, mucin excretion did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments; however, total sIgA excretion was lower for fasted birds, intermediate for the NF diet, and highest for casein (P < 0.05). Total endogenous AA losses (proportion of the total) from sIgA were higher for roosters fed casein, whereas mucin contributions were higher for fasted roosters (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, sIgA excretion did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments; however, mucin excretion was reduced for NF, whole egg, egg white, and chicken breast compared with casein and SDAP. In Experiment 3, sIgA and mucin excretion did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments; however, sIgA excretion differed among individual roosters (7-27 mg/24 h; P < 0.05). Overall, fasting reduced sIgA excretion and sIgA and mucin excretion were affected by dietary protein source. Further, roosters excreted a substantial amount of sIgA, and sIgA and mucin were considerable contributors to total endogenous AA losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Parsons
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - R L Drysdale
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - J E Cvengros
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - P L Utterback
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - S J Rochell
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - J L Emmert
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
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10
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Evaluation of Immune Modulation by β-1,3; 1,6 D-Glucan Derived from Ganoderma lucidum in Healthy Adult Volunteers, A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030659. [PMID: 36766186 PMCID: PMC9914031 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi-derived β-glucan, a type of glucopolysaccharide, has been shown to possess immune-modulatory properties in clinical settings. Studies have indicated that β-glucan derived from Ganoderma lucidum (commonly known as Reishi) holds particular promise in this regard, both in laboratory and in vivo settings. To further investigate the efficacy and safety of Reishi β-glucan in human subjects, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among healthy adult volunteers aged 18 to 55. Participants were instructed to self-administer the interventions or placebos on a daily basis for 84 days, with bloodwork assessments conducted at the beginning and end of the study. The results of the trial showed that subjects in the intervention group, who received Reishi β-glucan, exhibited a significant enhancement in various immune cell populations, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, as well as an improvement in the CD4/CD8 ratio and natural killer cell counts when compared to the placebo group. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in serum immunoglobulin A levels and natural killer cell cytotoxicity between the intervention and placebo groups. Notably, the intervention was found to be safe and well tolerated, with no statistically significant changes observed in markers of kidney or liver function in either group. Overall, the study provides evidence for the ability of Reishi β-glucan to modulate immune responses in healthy adults, thereby potentially bolstering their defense against opportunistic infections.
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11
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Sokolova MV, Hartmann F, Sieghart D, Bang H, Steiner G, Kleyer A, Schett G, Steffen U. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins of IgA isotype are associated with progression to rheumatoid arthritis in individuals at-risk. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002705. [PMID: 36717186 PMCID: PMC9887702 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Events triggering disease outbreak in individuals at-risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA at-risk) remain unclear, and the role of the various anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) isotypes in this process is still to be established. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of IgA ACPA in RA at-risk individuals, their role in the transition from the RA at-risk status to RA and their dynamics during this transition. METHODS Cross-sectional measurement of serum IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA levels was conducted in healthy controls, RA at-risk individuals and patients with RA and compared with the frequency of RA development in at risk individuals during a follow-up of 14 months. In addition, longitudinal measurements of serum IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA levels prior to, at and after the onset of RA were performed. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds of RA at-risk individuals were positive for serum IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA in levels comparable to IgG ACPA positive patients with RA. IgA1, but not IgA2 ACPA positivity was associated with the transition from the RA at-risk state to RA within the following 14 months. Interestingly, during this transition process, IgA1 ACPA levels declined at RA onset and also thereafter during the early phase of RA. This decline was confirmed in a second, independent cohort. CONCLUSION Both IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA are present in RA at-risk individuals, but only IgA1 ACPA are associated with the progression to RA. The observed decline in serum IgA1 ACPA levels before the onset of RA might indicate starting barrier leakiness prior to disease outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Sokolova
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Medical Department I, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Sieghart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Guenter Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany .,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Dingess KA, Hoek M, van Rijswijk DMH, Tamara S, den Boer MA, Veth T, Damen MJA, Barendregt A, Romijn M, Juncker HG, van Keulen BJ, Vidarsson G, van Goudoever JB, Bondt A, Heck AJR. Identification of common and distinct origins of human serum and breastmilk IgA1 by mass spectrometry-based clonal profiling. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:26-37. [PMID: 36447030 PMCID: PMC9707141 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most abundant immunoglobulin present in the human body is IgA. It has the highest concentrations at the mucosal lining and in biofluids such as milk and is the second most abundant class of antibodies in serum. We assessed the structural diversity and clonal repertoire of IgA1-containing molecular assemblies longitudinally in human serum and milk from three donors using a mass spectrometry-based approach. IgA-containing molecules purified from serum or milk were assessed by the release and subsequent analysis of their Fab fragments. Our data revealed that serum IgA1 consists of two distinct structural populations, namely monomeric IgA1 (∼80%) and dimeric joining (J-) chain coupled IgA1 (∼20%). Also, we confirmed that IgA1 in milk is present solely as secretory (S)IgA, consisting of two (∼50%), three (∼33%) or four (∼17%) IgA1 molecules assembled with a J-chain and secretory component (SC). Interestingly, the serum and milk IgA1-Fab repertoires were distinct between monomeric, and J-chain coupled dimeric IgA1. The serum dimeric J-chain coupled IgA1 repertoire contained several abundant clones also observed in the milk IgA1 repertoire. The latter repertoire had little to no overlap with the serum monomeric IgA1 repertoire. This suggests that human IgA1s have (at least) two distinct origins; one of these produces dimeric J-chain coupled IgA1 molecules, shared in human serum and milk, and another produces monomeric IgA1 ending up exclusively in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Hoek
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Danique M H van Rijswijk
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Barendregt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Romijn
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah G Juncker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt J van Keulen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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Tsai CJY, Loh JMS, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H. Mucosal vaccination: onward and upward. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:885-899. [PMID: 37817433 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2268724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The unique mucosal immune system allows the generation of robust protective immune responses at the front line of pathogen encounters. The needle-free delivery route and cold chain-free logistic requirements also provide additional advantages in ease and economy. However, the development of mucosal vaccines faces several challenges, and only a handful of mucosal vaccines are currently licensed. These vaccines are all in the form of live attenuated or inactivated whole organisms, whereas no subunit-based mucosal vaccine is available. AREAS COVERED The selection of antigen, delivery vehicle, route and adjuvants for mucosal vaccination are highly important. This is particularly crucial for subunit vaccines, as they often fail to elicit strong immune responses. Emerging research is providing new insights into the biological and immunological uniqueness of mucosal tissues. However, many aspects of the mucosal immunology still await to be investigated. EXPERT OPINION This article provides an overview of the current understanding of mucosal vaccination and discusses the remaining knowledge gaps. We emphasize that because of the potential benefits mucosal vaccines can bring from the biomedical, social and economic standpoints, the unmet goal to achieve mucosal vaccine success is worth the effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand, Auckland
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jacelyn M S Loh
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand, Auckland
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine R&D, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine R&D, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Okahashi N, Nakata M, Kuwata H, Kawabata S. Oral mitis group streptococci: A silent majority in our oral cavity. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:539-551. [PMID: 36114681 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the oral mitis group streptococci including Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii are the most abundant inhabitants of human oral cavity and dental plaque, and have been implicated in infectious complications such as bacteremia and infective endocarditis. Oral mitis group streptococci are genetically close to Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, they do not produce cytolysin (pneumolysin), which is a key virulence factor of S. pneumoniae. Similar to S. pneumoniae, oral mitis group streptococci possess several cell surface proteins that bind to the cell surface components of host mammalian cells. S. sanguinis expresses long filamentous pili that bind to the matrix proteins of host cells. The cell wall-anchored nuclease of S. sanguinis contributes to the evasion of the neutrophil extracellular trap by digesting its web-like extracellular DNA. Oral mitis group streptococci produce glucosyltransferases, which synthesize glucan (glucose polymer) from sucrose of dietary origin. Neuraminidase (NA) is a virulent factor in oral mitis group streptococci. Influenza type A virus (IAV) relies on viral NA activity to release progeny viruses from infected cells and spread the infection, and NA-producing oral streptococci elevate the risk of IAV infection. Moreover, oral mitis group streptococci produce hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) as a by-product of sugar metabolism. Although the concentrations of streptococcal H2 O2 are low (1-2 mM), they play important roles in bacterial competition in the oral cavity and evasion of phagocytosis by host macrophages and neutrophils. In this review, we intended to describe the diverse pathogenicity of oral mitis group streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Okahashi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Frontier Oral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kuwata
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Argentova V, Aliev T, Dolgikh D, Pakanová Z, Katrlík J, Kirpichnikov M. Features, modulation and analysis of glycosylation patterns of therapeutic recombinant immunoglobulin A. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:247-269. [PMID: 35377278 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2060594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the production of recombinant antibodies while ensuring high and stable protein quality remains a challenge in mammalian cell culture. This review is devoted to advances in the field of obtaining stable and optimal glycosylation of therapeutic antibodies based on IgA, as well as the subsequent issues of glycosylation control of glycoproteins during their production. Current studies also demonstrate a general need for a more fundamental understanding of the use of CHO cell-based producer cell lines, through which the glycoprofile of therapeutic IgA antibodies is produced and the dependence of glycosylation on culture conditions could be controlled. Optimization of glycosylation improves the therapeutic efficacy and can expand the possibilities for the creation of highly effective glycoprotein therapeutic drugs. Current status and trends in glycan analysis of therapeutic IgA, dominantly based on mass spectrometry and lectin microarrays are herein summarised as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Argentova
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Teimur Aliev
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dolgikh
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesShemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zuzana Pakanová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesShemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Zhang W, Tan B, Deng J, Yang Q, Chi S, Pang A, Xin Y, Liu Y, Zhang H. Soybean protein concentrate causes enteritis in juvenile pearl gentian groupers ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:171-185. [PMID: 36712400 PMCID: PMC9860111 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to diminishing fish meal (FM) supplies, superb protein (PRO) sources are needed for aquaculture, such as soy-based PRO. However, these can cause enteritis and even intestinal injury in fish when used at high proportions in feed. This research examines the effects of substituting soybean protein concentrate (SPC) for FM on the growth performance and intestinal balance of pearl gentian groupers and investigates the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis. Experimental fish (n = 720) were fed 1 of 3 following diets: (1) a 50% FM diet (control), (2) a diet with 20% of the FM substituted with SPC (group SPC20), and (3) a 40% SPC-substituted diet (SPC40). Fish were fed for 10 wk iso-nitrogenous (50% PRO) and iso-lipidic (10% lipid) diets. Groups SPC20 and SPC40 showed significantly lower developmental performance and intestinal structures than control. Group SPC40 had significantly higher expressions of pro-inflammatory-related genes, such as interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL12, IL17 and tumor necrosis factor α and significantly lower expressions of anti-inflammatory-related genes, such as IL5, IL10 and transforming growth factor β1. Biochemical and 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance and functions of intestinal flora in group SPC40 were significantly affected (P < 0.05), and there were significant correlations between operational taxonomic unit abundance variations and inflammatory gene expressions at genus level (P < 0.05). The second- and third-generation full-length transcriptome sequence was used to analyze the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis in pearl gentian groupers, which showed that enteritis induced by SPC may be caused by disturbances to intestinal immune function induced by an imbalance in intestinal nutrition and metabolism, such as the intestinal immunity network for IgA production pathway. However, it remains unclear as to which intestinal immune or nutritional imbalance is most important in enteritis development. This study provides a basis for further research into soy PRO-related enteritis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Aobo Pang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
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Lara S, Heilig J, Virtanen A, Kleinau S. Exploring complement-dependent cytotoxicity by rituximab isotypes in 2D and 3D-cultured B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:678. [PMID: 35725455 PMCID: PMC9210731 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic IgG1 anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab (RTX), has greatly improved prognosis of many B-cell malignancies. Despite its success, resistance has been reported and detailed knowledge of RTX mechanisms are lacking. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is one important mode of action of RTX. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate factors influencing complement-mediated tumor cell killing by RTX. Methods Different RTX isotypes, IgG1, IgG3, IgA1 and IgA2 were evaluated and administered on four human CD20+ B-cell lymphoma cell lines, displaying diverse expression of CD20 and complement-regulatory protein CD59. Complement activation was assessed on lymphoma cells grown in 2 and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems by trypan blue exclusion. CDC in 3D spheroids was additionally analyzed by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry, and confocal imaging. Anti-CD59 antibody was used to evaluate influence of CD59 in RTX-mediated CDC responses. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results We found that 3 out of 4 lymphomas were sensitive to RTX-mediated CDC when cultured in 2D, while 2 out of 4 when grown in 3D. RTX-IgG3 had the greatest CDC potential, followed by clinical standard RTX-IgG1 and RTX-IgA2, whereas RTX-IgA1 displayed no complement activation. Although the pattern of different RTX isotypes to induce CDC were similar in the sensitive lymphomas, the degree of cell killing differed. A greater CDC activity was seen in lymphoma cells with a higher CD20/CD59 expression ratio. These lymphomas were also sensitive to RTX when grown in 3D spheroids, although the CDC activity was substantially reduced compared to 2D cultures. Analysis of RTX-treated spheroids demonstrated apoptosis and necrosis essentially in the outer cell-layers. Neutralization of CD59 overcame resistance to RTX-mediated CDC in 2D-cultured lymphoma cells, but not in spheroids. Conclusions The results demonstrate that CDC outcome in CD20+ B-cell lymphoma is synergistically influenced by choice of RTX isotype, antigen density, tumor structure, and degree of CD59 expression. Assessment of tumor signatures, such as CD20/CD59 ratio, can be advantageous to predict CDC efficiency of RTX in vivo and may help to develop rational mAbs to raise response rates in patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09772-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Virtanen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandra Kleinau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Secretory Immunoglobulin A Immunity in Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081324. [PMID: 35456002 PMCID: PMC9027823 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) are distinct respiratory diseases that share features such as the obstruction of small airways and disease flare-ups that are called exacerbations and are often caused by infections. Along the airway epithelium, immunoglobulin (Ig) A contributes to first line mucosal protection against inhaled particles and pathogens. Dimeric IgA produced by mucosal plasma cells is transported towards the apical pole of airway epithelial cells by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), where it is released as secretory IgA. Secretory IgA mediates immune exclusion and promotes the clearance of pathogens from the airway surface by inhibiting their adherence to the epithelium. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding alterations of the IgA/pIgR system observed in those major obstructive airway diseases and discuss their implication for disease pathogenesis.
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19
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Gorshkova EN, Lecerf M, Astrakhantseva IV, Vasilenko EA, Starkina OV, Ilyukina NA, Dimitrova PA, Dimitrov JD, Vassilev TL. Induced antigen-binding polyreactivity in human serum IgA. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Kaneva E, Rainova I, Harizanov R, Kaftandjiev I. "Study of IgG avidity and the level of specific IgA antibodies and their significance in the diagnosis of human toxocarosis". Exp Parasitol 2022; 236-237:108236. [PMID: 35247381 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Toxocarosis is a zoonotic disease caused by migration and subsequent localization of nematode larvae of Toxocara spp. in human organs and tissues, which is manifested with development of various non-specific clinical symptoms. Main diagnostic methods are serological and consists in proving the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in patient's sera. In humans, anti-Toxocara IgG has been shown to persist in the serum for a long time and cannot be used to distinguish between past and recent infection. Aim of the present work is to investigate the diagnostic significance of the specific IgG avidity level, determined by an immuno enzyme test developed by us, and the presence of anti-Toxocara IgA for distinguishing between acute and chronic toxocarosis. The study included 130 patients with positive results in routine serological ELISA and Western blot tests and with clinical symptoms of visceral and ocular toxocarosis. The results revealed low IgG avidity (≤40%) in nine (7.3%) and presence of anti-Toxocara IgA antibodies in 36 (26.2%) of the subjects. Low avidity of IgG antibodies was found only in the first tests, and a presence of specific IgA for up to 9 months. The results of our study give us reason to believe that determination of the IgG avidity in toxocarosis is of greater diagnostic value than the presence of IgA to establish the stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Kaneva
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1504, Sofia, 26, Yanko Sakazov Blvd, Bulgaria.
| | - Iskra Rainova
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1504, Sofia, 26, Yanko Sakazov Blvd, Bulgaria.
| | - Rumen Harizanov
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1504, Sofia, 26, Yanko Sakazov Blvd, Bulgaria.
| | - Iskren Kaftandjiev
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1504, Sofia, 26, Yanko Sakazov Blvd, Bulgaria.
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21
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Candela F, Quarta E, Buttini F, Ancona A, Bettini R, Sonvico F. Recent Patents on Nasal Vaccines Containing Nanoadjuvants. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:103-121. [PMID: 35450539 PMCID: PMC10184237 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220420124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest medical achievements of modern medicine. The nasal mucosa represents an effective route of vaccination for both mucosal immunity and peripheral, being at the same time an inductive and effector site of immunity. In this paper, the innovative and patented compositions and manufacturing procedures of nanomaterials have been studied using the peerreviewed research literature. Nanomaterials have several properties that make them unique as adjuvant for vaccines. Nanoadjuvants through the influence of antigen availability over time affect the immune response. Namely, the amount of antigen reaching the immune system or its release over prolonged periods of time can be effectively increased by nanoadjuvants. Mucosal vaccines are an interesting alternative for immunization of diseases in which pathogens access the body through these epithelia. Nanometric adjuvants are not only a viable approach to improve the efficacy of nasal vaccines but in most of the cases they represent the core of the intellectual property related to the innovative vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Candela
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eride Quarta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- University Centre for Innovation in Health Products (Biopharmanet-TEC), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Adolfo Ancona
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- University Centre for Innovation in Health Products (Biopharmanet-TEC), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- University Centre for Innovation in Health Products (Biopharmanet-TEC), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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22
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Yamaki K, Terashi M, Yamamoto S, Fujiwara R, Inoue JI, Shimizu K, Yanagita S, Doi Y, Kimura KI, Kotani K, Sugihara M, Koyama Y. Immunoglobulin a suppresses B cell receptor-mediated activation of mouse B cells with differential inhibition of signaling molecules. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:76-86. [PMID: 34844505 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We previously reported that monoclonal mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) A, OA-4, attenuates sensitization in mice by suppressing B cell activation. OBJECTIVE Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that mouse IgA inhibits mouse B cell activation in vitro under natural conditions (i.e. in the absence of chemical, physical, and genetic modifications of IgA and B cells). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse splenocytes were stimulated with anti-B cell receptor (BCR) antibody or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of OA-4. Splenic B cell proliferation and the activation of several intracellular signaling molecules were measured. RESULTS Anti-BCR antibody-induced proliferation was markedly inhibited by OA-4 or the commercially available mouse IgA S107, whereas LPS-induced proliferation was weakly attenuated by a high concentration of OA-4. Moreover, OA-4 markedly decreased the anti-BCR antibody-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) and CD22 and decreased phosphorylated phospholipase (PLC) γ2 and intracellular Ca2+ levels moderately, whereas protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation was not affected by OA-4. The MAPK/ERK kinase-ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathways were found to play a role in the proliferation of splenocytes induced by anti-BCR antibody based on experiments with their inhibitors. In contrast to that in splenic B cells, ERK phosphorylation induced by anti-BCR antibody in A20 cells was not inhibited by OA-4. The modulatory effects of IgA were different among the cell types and signaling pathways. CONCLUSION IgA is a potential immunoregulatory drug utilizing new mechanisms that affect splenic B cells but not A20 lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Terashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rei Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kishi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sakura Yanagita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuma Doi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kayo Kotani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mai Sugihara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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23
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Seikrit C, Pabst O. The immune landscape of IgA induction in the gut. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:627-637. [PMID: 34379174 PMCID: PMC8551147 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are key elements of protective immunity. In the mucosal immune system in particular, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the most abundantly produced antibody isotype, protects against infections, shields the mucosal surface from toxins and environmental factors, and regulates immune homeostasis and a peaceful coexistence with our microbiota. However, the dark side of IgA biology promotes the formation of immune complexes and provokes pathologies, e.g., IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The precise mechanisms of how IgA responses become deregulated and pathogenic in IgAN remain unresolved. Yet, as the field of microbiota research moved into the limelight, our basic understanding of IgA biology has been taking a leap forward. Here, we discuss the structure of IgA, the anatomical and cellular foundation of mucosal antibody responses, and current concepts of how we envision the interaction of SIgA and the microbiota. We center on key concepts in the field while taking account of both historic findings and exciting new observations to provide a comprehensive groundwork for the understanding of IgA biology from the perspective of a mucosal immunologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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24
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Charab W, Rosenberger MG, Shivram H, Mirazee JM, Donkor M, Shekhar SR, Gjuka D, Khoo KH, Kim JE, Iyer VR, Georgiou G. IgG Immune Complexes Inhibit Naïve T Cell Proliferation and Suppress Effector Function in Cytotoxic T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713704. [PMID: 34447380 PMCID: PMC8383740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes are associated with autoimmunity and with worse prognoses in cancer. Here, we examined the effects of well-defined, soluble immune complexes (ICs) on human peripheral T cells. We demonstrate that IgG-ICs inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of a subset of naïve T cells but stimulate the division of another naïve-like T cell subset. Phenotypic analysis by multi-parameter flow cytometry and RNA-Seq were used to characterize the inhibited and stimulated T cells revealing that the inhibited subset presented immature features resembling those of recent thymic emigrants and non-activated naïve T cells, whereas the stimulated subset exhibited transcriptional features indicative of a more differentiated, early memory progenitor with a naïve-like phenotype. Furthermore, we show that while IgG1-ICs do not profoundly inhibit the proliferation of memory T cells, IgG1-ICs suppress the production of granzyme-β and perforin in cytotoxic memory T cells. Our findings reveal how ICs can link humoral immunity and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Charab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Matthew G. Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Justin M. Mirazee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Moses Donkor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Soumya R. Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Donjeta Gjuka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly H. Khoo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Vishwanath R. Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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25
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IgA Vasculitis: Etiology, Treatment, Biomarkers and Epigenetic Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147538. [PMID: 34299162 PMCID: PMC8307949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA, previously called Henoch-Schönlein vasculitis, is an essential immune component that drives the host immune response to the external environment. As IgA has the unique characteristic of a flexible response to broad types of microorganisms, it sometimes causes an autoreactive response in the host human body. IgA vasculitis and related organ dysfunction are representative IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases; bacterial and viral infections often trigger IgA vasculitis. Recent drug developments and the presence of COVID-19 have revealed that these agents can also trigger IgA vasculitis. These findings provide a novel understanding of the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis. In this review, we focus on the characteristics of IgA and symptoms of IgA vasculitis and other organ dysfunction. We also mention the therapeutic approach, biomarkers, novel triggers for IgA vasculitis, and epigenetic modifications in patients with IgA vasculitis.
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26
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Tsuruta T, Muhomah TA, Sonoyama K, Nguyen QD, Takase Y, Nishijima A, Himoto S, Katsumata E, Nishino N. Aicda deficiency exacerbates high-fat diet-induced hyperinsulinemia but not gut dysbiosis in mice. Nutr Res 2021; 93:15-26. [PMID: 34332207 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a major antibody in the gut. We previously observed that a high-fat diet (HFD) reduces IgA reactivity to gut microbiota, but the physiological implications have yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by a HFD may contribute to development of gut dysbiosis and inflammation that accompanies HFD feeding. To test our hypothesis, we used Aicda deficient mice, which have a deficiency in IgA production. Aicda deficient mice and wild-type mice were fed normal-fat diet or HFD for 12 weeks. We found that HFD feeding but not Aicda deficiency altered the fecal microbiota composition. Meanwhile, Aicda deficiency significantly increased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum, but not in the colon despite no significant difference between diets. These results suggest that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by HFD partly contributes to development of inflammation in the ileum, but not to gut dysbiosis. We also found that the fasting blood insulin level was significantly increased by Aicda deficiency only under HFD feeding. Furthermore, the gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein1, a major chemokine responsible for the onset of hyperinsulinemia, in the liver was significantly increased by HFD feeding and tended to be increased by Aicda deficiency. These findings suggest that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by HFD contributes to hyperinsulinemia partly via increasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Teresia Aluoch Muhomah
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Qui D Nguyen
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yurika Takase
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aoi Nishijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shiori Himoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Emiko Katsumata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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27
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Bordron A, Morel M, Bagacean C, Dueymes M, Pochard P, Harduin-Lepers A, Jamin C, Pers JO. Hyposialylation Must Be Considered to Develop Future Therapies in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073402. [PMID: 33810246 PMCID: PMC8036829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease development depends on multiple factors, including genetic and environmental. Abnormalities such as sialylation levels and/or quality have been recently highlighted. The adjunction of sialic acid at the terminal end of glycoproteins and glycolipids is essential for distinguishing between self and non-self-antigens and the control of pro- or anti-inflammatory immune reactions. In autoimmunity, hyposialylation is responsible for chronic inflammation, the anarchic activation of the immune system and organ lesions. A detailed characterization of this mechanism is a key element for improving the understanding of these diseases and the development of innovative therapies. This review focuses on the impact of sialylation in autoimmunity in order to determine future treatments based on the regulation of hyposialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bordron
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Morel
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
| | - Cristina Bagacean
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Maryvonne Dueymes
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Pierre Pochard
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Christophe Jamin
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
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28
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Cascalho M, Platt JL. TNFRSF13B Diversification Fueled by B Cell Responses to Environmental Challenges-A Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634544. [PMID: 33679786 PMCID: PMC7925820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell differentiation and memory are controlled by the transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), a receptor encoded by TNFRSF13B. TNFRSF13B mutations are frequently found in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and in IgA -deficiency; yet, ~98% of those with mutant TNFRSF13B are healthy. Indeed, TNFRSF13B is among the 5% most polymorphic genes in man. Other mammals evidence polymorphism at comparable loci. We hypothesize that TNFRSF13B diversity might promote rather than detract from well-being by controlling key elements of innate immunity. We shall discuss how extraordinary diversity of TNFRSF13B could have evolved and persisted across diverse species of mammals by controlling innate and adaptive B cell responses in apparently paradoxical ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Platt
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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29
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Tissues: the unexplored frontier of antibody mediated immunity. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 47:52-67. [PMID: 33581646 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific immunity evolves in the context of the infected tissue. However, current immune correlates analyses and vaccine efficacy metrics are based on immune functions from peripheral cells. Less is known about tissue-resident mechanisms of immunity. While antibodies represent the primary correlate of immunity following most clinically approved vaccines, how antibodies interact with localized, compartment-specific immune functions to fight infections, remains unclear. Emerging data demonstrate a unique community of immune cells that reside within different tissues. These tissue-specific immunological communities enable antibodies to direct both expected and unexpected local attack strategies to control, disrupt, and eliminate infection in a tissue-specific manner. Defining the full breadth of antibody effector functions, how they selectively contribute to control at the site of infection may provide clues for the design of next-generation vaccines able to direct the control, elimination, and prevention of compartment specific diseases of both infectious and non-infectious etiologies.
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30
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Sano K, Saito S, Suzuki T, Kotani O, Ainai A, van Riet E, Tabata K, Saito K, Takahashi Y, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Maruno T, Usami K, Uchiyama S, Ogawa-Goto K, Hasegawa H. An influenza HA stalk reactive polymeric IgA antibody exhibits anti-viral function regulated by binary interaction between HA and the antibody. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245244. [PMID: 33412571 PMCID: PMC7790537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies, which are secreted onto the mucosal surface as secretory IgA antibodies (SIgAs), play an important role in preventing influenza virus infection. A recent study reported that anti-hemagglutinin (HA) head-targeting antibodies increase anti-viral functions such as hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (NT), in addition to HA binding activity (reactivity) via IgA polymerization. However, the functional properties of anti-viral IgA antibodies with mechanisms of action distinct from those of anti-HA head-targeting antibodies remain elusive. Here, we characterized the functional properties of IgG, monomeric IgA, and polymeric IgA anti-HA stalk-binding clones F11 and FI6, and B12 (a low affinity anti-HA stalk clone), as well as Fab-deficient (ΔFab) IgA antibodies. We found that IgA polymerization impacts the functional properties of anti-HA stalk antibodies. Unlike anti-HA head antibodies, the anti-viral functions of anti-HA stalk antibodies were not simply enhanced by IgA polymerization. The data suggest that two modes of binding (Fab paratope-mediated binding to the HA stalk, and IgA Fc glycan-mediated binding to the HA receptor binding site (RBS)) occur during interaction between anti-stalk HA IgA antibodies and HA. In situations where Fab paratope-mediated binding to the HA stalk exceeded IgA Fc glycan-mediated binding to HA RBS, IgA polymerization increased anti-viral functions. By contrast, when IgA Fc glycan-mediated binding to the HA RBS was dominant, anti-viral activity will fall upon IgA polymerization. In summary, the results suggest that coordination between these two independent binding modules determines whether IgA polymerization has a negative or positive effect on the anti-viral functions of anti-HA stalk IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Saito
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kotani
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elly van Riet
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumpei Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaede Usami
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Ogawa-Goto
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Incorporated, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Hansen AL, Reily C, Novak J, Renfrow MB. Immunoglobulin A Glycosylation and Its Role in Disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:433-477. [PMID: 34687019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human IgA is comprised of two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2. Monomeric IgA (mIgA), polymeric IgA (pIgA), and secretory IgA (SIgA) are the main molecular forms of IgA. The production of IgA rivals all other immunoglobulin isotypes. The large quantities of IgA reflect the fundamental roles it plays in immune defense, protecting vulnerable mucosal surfaces against invading pathogens. SIgA dominates mucosal surfaces, whereas IgA in circulation is predominately monomeric. All forms of IgA are glycosylated, and the glycans significantly influence its various roles, including antigen binding and the antibody effector functions, mediated by the Fab and Fc portions, respectively. In contrast to its protective role, the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN). Furthermore, detailed characterization of IgA glycosylation, including its diverse range of heterogeneity, is of emerging interest. We provide an overview of the glycosylation observed for each subclass and molecular form of IgA as well as the range of heterogeneity for each site of glycosylation. In many ways, the role of IgA glycosylation is in its early stages of being elucidated. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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32
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Nimmerjahn F, Werner A. Sweet Rules: Linking Glycosylation to Antibody Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:365-393. [PMID: 34687017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced upon infections with pathogenic microorganisms are essential for clearing primary infections and for providing the host with long-lasting immunity. Moreover, antibodies have become the most widely used platform for developing novel therapies against cancer and autoimmunity, requiring an in-depth understanding of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo and which factors modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory antibody activities. Since the discovery that select residues present in the sugar domain attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) region can modulate both, pro- and anti-inflammatory effector functions, a wealth of studies has focused on understanding how IgG glycosylation is regulated and how this knowledge can be used to optimize therapeutic antibody activity. With the introduction of glycoengineered afucosylated antibodies in cancer therapy and the initiation of clinical testing of highly sialylated anti-inflammatory antibodies the proof-of-concept that understanding antibody glycosylation can lead to clinical innovation has been provided. The focus of this review is to summarize recent insights into how antibody glycosylation is regulated in vivo and how select sugar residues impact IgG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Čaval T, Heck AJR, Reiding KR. Meta-heterogeneity: Evaluating and Describing the Diversity in Glycosylation Between Sites on the Same Glycoprotein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100010. [PMID: 33561609 PMCID: PMC8724623 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics has gone through some incredible developments over the last few years. Technological advances in glycopeptide enrichment, fragmentation methods, and data analysis workflows have enabled the transition of glycoproteomics from a niche application, mainly focused on the characterization of isolated glycoproteins, to a mature technology capable of profiling thousands of intact glycopeptides at once. In addition to numerous biological discoveries catalyzed by the technology, we are also observing an increase in studies focusing on global protein glycosylation and the relationship between multiple glycosylation sites on the same protein. It has become apparent that just describing protein glycosylation in terms of micro- and macro-heterogeneity, respectively, the variation and occupancy of glycans at a given site, is not sufficient to describe the observed interactions between sites. In this perspective we propose a new term, meta-heterogeneity, to describe a higher level of glycan regulation: the variation in glycosylation across multiple sites of a given protein. We provide literature examples of extensive meta-heterogeneity on relevant proteins such as antibodies, erythropoietin, myeloperoxidase, and a number of serum and plasma proteins. Furthermore, we postulate on the possible biological reasons and causes behind the intriguing meta-heterogeneity observed in glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Čaval
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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34
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Al E'ed A. Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Saudi Arabia: characteristics and rare vital organ involvement. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2020; 73:363-370. [PMID: 32960004 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common small vessel vasculitis in children with an annual incidence of between 10 and 30 per 100,000. It is an inflammation that affects many organs primarily in the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, musculoskeletal, also vital organs like kidneys and lungs which may lead to chronic kidney disease and pulmonary hemorrhage. In this review, we are showing the characteristics of Saudi patients with HSP and the relation with preceding infections, gender, and seasonal variations in addition to the common and most severe systemic involvements. We found cases that were challenging to diagnose and others with unfortunate fetal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Al E'ed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia -
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35
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Silva JAF, Calmasini F, Siqueira-Berti A, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Quintar A, Carvalho HF. Prostate immunology: A challenging puzzle. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103190. [PMID: 32853844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity defines the relationship of surfaces in contact with the environment and integrates diverse tissues such as epidermis, gum, nose, gut, uterus and prostate with the immune system. Although considered part of a system, each mucosa presents specific immune features beyond the barrier and secretory functions. Information regarding the mucosal immunology of the male reproductive tract and the prostate gland in particular is scarce. In this review, we approach the prostate as an epithelial barrier and as part of the mucosal immune system. Finally, we also raise a series of questions that will improve the understanding of this gland, its role in reproduction and its sensitivity/resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliete Aparecida F Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Calmasini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Siqueira-Berti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amado Quintar
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology - INFABiC, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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36
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Structural insights into secretory immunoglobulin A and its interaction with a pneumococcal adhesin. Cell Res 2020; 30:602-609. [PMID: 32398862 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the most abundant antibody at the mucosal surface. It possesses two additional subunits besides IgA: the joining chain (J-chain) and secretory component (SC). SC is the ectodomain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which functions to transport IgA to the mucosa. How the J-chain and pIgR/SC facilitate the assembly and secretion of SIgA remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, during the infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcal adhesin SpsA hijacks pIgR/SC and SIgA to gain entry to human cells and evade host defense. How SpsA targets pIgR/SC and SIgA also remains elusive. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Fc region of IgA1 (Fcα) in complex with the J-chain and SC (Fcα-J-SC), which reveals the organization principle of SIgA. We also present a structure of Fcα-J-SC complexed with SpsA, which uncovers the specific interactions between SpsA and human pIgR/SC. These results advance the molecular understanding of SIgA and shed light on S. pneumoniae pathogenesis.
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37
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Liu J, Gao R, Shi H, Cong G, Chen J, Zhang X, Shi D, Cao L, Wang X, Zhang J, Ji Z, Jing Z, Feng L. Development of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus specific SIgA in colostrum. J Virol Methods 2020; 279:113855. [PMID: 32173373 PMCID: PMC7151449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus specific SIgA in colostrum was established. The rapid immunochromatographic strip test is sensitive as compared with ELISA. The rapid immunochromatographic strip test can be used to epidemiological surveillance as well as vaccine immunity assessment.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes very high mortality in newborn piglets. The mucosal immune system in the gut must eliminate potential pathogens while maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship with the commensal microbiota. Antibodies derived from the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) class, act as the first line of antigen-specific immunity in the gut by recognizing both pathogens and commensals. Therefore, the measurement of SIgA levels is an important index in evaluating PEDV infections and immune status. A simple and rapid method for the detection of PEDV-specific SIgA using an immunochromatographic test strip has been developed; incorporating a colloidal gold-labeled anti-SIgA secretory component (SC) mAb probe for the detection of anti-PEDV-specific SIgA in swine. On the strip, a gold-labeled anti-SIgA SC mAb was applied to a conjugate pad; purified PEDV particles and goat anti-mouse antibodies were blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane to form the test and control lines, respectively. Results showed that the immunochromatographic test strip had high sensitivity and specificity. When compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, kappa value suggesting that the strip could be used to detect PEDV specific SIgA in colostrum samples. Furthermore, the strip assay is rapid and easy to perform with no requirement for professional-level skills or equipment. We found that the immunochromatographic test strip was a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the identification of PEDV specific SIgA, indicating its suitability for epidemiological surveillance as well as vaccine immunity when studying PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guangyi Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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38
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Davis SK, Selva KJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Serum IgA Fc effector functions in infectious disease and cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:276-286. [PMID: 31785006 PMCID: PMC7217208 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is the most abundant antibody isotype present at mucosal surfaces and the second most abundant in human serum. In addition to preventing pathogen entry at mucosal surfaces, IgA can control and eradicate bacterial and viral infections through a variety of antibody‐mediated innate effector cell mechanisms. The role of mucosal IgA in infection (e.g. neutralization) and in inflammatory homeostasis (e.g. allergy and autoimmunity) has been extensively investigated; by contrast, serum IgA is comparatively understudied. IgA binding to fragment crystallizable alpha receptor plays a dual role in the activation and inhibition of innate effector cell functions. Mounting evidence suggests that serum IgA induces potent effector functions against various bacterial and some viral infections including Neisseria meningitidis and rotavirus. Furthermore, in the era of immunotherapy, serum IgA provides an interesting alternative to classical IgG monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and infectious pathogens. Here we discuss the role of serum IgA in infectious diseases with reference to bacterial and viral infections and the potential for IgA as a monoclonal antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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39
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IgA subclasses have different effector functions associated with distinct glycosylation profiles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:120. [PMID: 31913287 PMCID: PMC6949214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomeric serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) can contribute to the development of various autoimmune diseases, but the regulation of serum IgA effector functions is not well defined. Here, we show that the two IgA subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) differ in their effect on immune cells due to distinct binding and signaling properties. Whereas IgA2 acts pro-inflammatory on neutrophils and macrophages, IgA1 does not have pronounced effects. Moreover, IgA1 and IgA2 have different glycosylation profiles, with IgA1 possessing more sialic acid than IgA2. Removal of sialic acid increases the pro-inflammatory capacity of IgA1, making it comparable to IgA2. Of note, disease-specific autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis display a shift toward the pro-inflammatory IgA2 subclass, which is associated with higher disease activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IgA effector functions depend on subclass and glycosylation, and that disturbances in subclass balance are associated with autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2, but differential effects on inflammation are unclear. Here the authors show that IgA2, when compared with IgA1, has stronger pro-inflammatory functions associated with changed glycosylation and higher disease scores in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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40
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Abstract
Eosinophils are important immune cells that have been implicated in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in both naturally and experimentally infected sheep. Proteins of particular importance appear to be IgA-Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), proteoglycan 3 (PRG3, major basic protein 2) and EPX (eosinophil peroxidase). We used known human nucleotide sequences to search the ruminant genomes, followed by translation to protein and sequence alignments to visualize differences between sequences and species. Where a sequence was retrieved for cow, but not for sheep and goat, this was used additionally as a reference sequence. In this review, we show that eosinophil function varies among host species. Consequently, investigations into the mechanisms of ruminant immune responses to GIN should be conducted using the natural host. Specifically, we address differences in protein sequence and structure for eosinophil proteins.
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41
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Kong WG, Yu YY, Dong S, Huang ZY, Ding LG, Cao JF, Dong F, Zhang XT, Liu X, Xu HY, Meng KF, Su JG, Xu Z. Pharyngeal Immunity in Early Vertebrates Provides Functional and Evolutionary Insight into Mucosal Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3054-3067. [PMID: 31645417 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharyngeal organ is located at the crossroad of the respiratory and digestive tracts in vertebrate, and it is continuously challenged by varying Ags during breathing and feeding. In mammals, the pharyngeal mucosa (PM) is a critical first line of defense. However, the evolutionary origins and ancient roles of immune defense and microbiota homeostasis of PM are still unknown. In this study, to our knowledge, we are the first to find that diffuse MALT is present in PM of rainbow trout, an early vertebrate. Importantly, following parasitic infection, we detect that strong parasite-specific mucosal IgT and dominant proliferation of IgT+ B cell immune responses occurs in trout PM, providing, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of local mucosal Ig responses against pathogens in pharyngeal organ of a nonmammal species. Moreover, we show that the trout PM microbiota is prevalently coated with secretory IgT and, to a much lesser degree, by IgM and IgD, suggesting the key role of mucosal Igs in the immune exclusion of teleost pharyngeal bacteria. Overall, to our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence that pharyngeal mucosal immunity appear earlier than tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guang Kong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Li-Guo Ding
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Jia-Feng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Fen Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Hao-Yue Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Kai-Feng Meng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Jian-Guo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; and .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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42
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Göritzer K, Turupcu A, Maresch D, Novak J, Altmann F, Oostenbrink C, Obinger C, Strasser R. Distinct Fcα receptor N-glycans modulate the binding affinity to immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13995-14008. [PMID: 31362986 PMCID: PMC6755811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most prevalent antibody class at mucosal sites with an important role in mucosal defense. Little is known about the impact of N-glycan modifications of IgA1 and IgA2 on binding to the Fcα receptor (FcαRI), which is also heavily glycosylated at its extracellular domain. Here, we transiently expressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-binding monomeric IgA1, IgA2m(1), and IgA2m(2) variants in Nicotiana benthamiana ΔXT/FT plants lacking the enzymes responsible for generating nonhuman N-glycan structures. By coinfiltrating IgA with the respective glycan-modifying enzymes, we generated IgA carrying distinct homogenous N-glycans. We demonstrate that distinctly different N-glycan profiles did not influence antigen binding or the overall structure and integrity of the IgA antibodies but did affect their thermal stability. Using size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning and isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and molecular modeling, we probed distinct IgA1 and IgA2 glycoforms for binding to four different FcαRI glycoforms and investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of complex formation. Our results suggest that different N-glycans on the receptor significantly contribute to binding affinities for its cognate ligand. We also noted that full-length IgA and FcαRI form a mixture of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes tending toward a 1:1 stoichiometry due to different IgA tailpiece conformations that make it less likely that both binding sites are simultaneously occupied. In conclusion, N-glycans of human IgA do not affect its structure and integrity but its thermal stability, and FcαRI N-glycans significantly modulate binding affinity to IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Göritzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegül Turupcu
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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43
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Breedveld A, van Egmond M. IgA and FcαRI: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 30984170 PMCID: PMC6448004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class present at mucosal surfaces. The production of IgA exceeds the production of all other antibodies combined, supporting its prominent role in host-pathogen defense. IgA closely interacts with the intestinal microbiota to enhance its diversity, and IgA has a passive protective role via immune exclusion. Additionally, inhibitory ITAMi signaling via the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI; CD89) by monomeric IgA may play a role in maintaining homeostatic conditions. By contrast, IgA immune complexes (e.g., opsonized pathogens) potently activate immune cells via cross-linking FcαRI, thereby inducing pro-inflammatory responses resulting in elimination of pathogens. The importance of IgA in removal of pathogens is emphasized by the fact that several pathogens developed mechanisms to break down IgA or evade FcαRI-mediated activation of immune cells. Augmented or aberrant presence of IgA immune complexes can result in excessive neutrophil activation, potentially leading to severe tissue damage in multiple inflammatory, or autoimmune diseases. Influencing IgA or FcαRI-mediated functions therefore provides several therapeutic possibilities. On the one hand (passive) IgA vaccination strategies can be developed for protection against infections. Furthermore, IgA monoclonal antibodies that are directed against tumor antigens may be effective as cancer treatment. On the other hand, induction of ITAMi signaling via FcαRI may reduce allergy or inflammation, whereas blocking FcαRI with monoclonal antibodies, or peptides may resolve IgA-induced tissue damage. In this review both (patho)physiological roles as well as therapeutic possibilities of the IgA-FcαRI axis are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot Breedveld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Basripuzi NH, Salisi MS, Isa NMM, Busin V, Cairns C, Jenvey C, Stear MJ. Boer goats appear to lack a functional IgA and eosinophil response against natural nematode infection. Vet Parasitol 2018; 264:18-25. [PMID: 30503086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infection is one of the major diseases affecting small ruminants. Although some breeds of goats are quite resistant, many breeds of goats are relatively susceptible. This study used a combined parasitological, immunological, bioinformatic and statistical approach to examine the role of goat IgA and eosinophils in protection against Teladorsagia circumcincta. Molecular modelling suggested that the transmembrane domain of the high affinity IgA receptor was dysfunctional in goats. Statistical analyses failed to find any association in naturally infected goats between high IgA or eosinophil responses and low faecal egg counts. Together these results indicate that IgA and eosinophil responses against T. circumcincta are less effective in goats than sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hayyan Basripuzi
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia.
| | - M Shahrom Salisi
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - N Mahiza Md Isa
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Valentina Busin
- Veterinary Pathology, Public Health & Disease Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Callum Cairns
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caitlin Jenvey
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Stear
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Melbourne, Australia
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Detection of immune complexes and evaluation of alcoholic individuals' serological profile in the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:644-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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FcαRI binding at the IgA1 C H2-C H3 interface induces long-range conformational changes that are transmitted to the hinge region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8882-E8891. [PMID: 30181292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807478115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA effector functions include proinflammatory immune responses triggered upon clustering of the IgA-specific receptor, FcαRI, by IgA immune complexes. FcαRI binds to the IgA1-Fc domain (Fcα) at the CH2-CH3 junction and, except for CH2 L257 and L258, all side-chain contacts are contributed by the CH3 domain. In this study, we used experimental and computational approaches to elucidate energetic and conformational aspects of FcαRI binding to IgA. The energetic contribution of each IgA residue in the binding interface was assessed by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and equilibrium surface plasmon resonance (SPR). As expected, hydrophobic residues central to the binding site have strong energetic contributions to the FcαRI:Fcα interaction. Surprisingly, individual mutation of CH2 residues L257 and L258, found at the periphery of the FcαRI binding site, dramatically reduced binding affinity. Comparison of antibody:receptor complexes involving IgA or its precursor IgY revealed a conserved receptor binding site at the CH2-CH3 junction (or its equivalent). Given the importance of residues near the CH2-CH3 junction, we used coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations to understand the functional dynamics in Fcα. Our simulations indicate that FcαRI binding, either in an asymmetric (1:1) or symmetric (2:1) complex with Fcα, propagated long-range conformational changes across the Fc domains, potentially impacting the hinge and Fab regions. Subsequent SPR experiments confirmed that FcαRI binding to the Fcα CH2-CH3 junction altered the kinetics of HAA lectin binding at the IgA1 hinge. Receptor-induced long-distance conformational transitions have important implications for the interaction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 with anti-glycan autoantibodies in IgA nephropathy.
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47
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Staley M, Conners MG, Hall K, Miller LJ. Linking stress and immunity: Immunoglobulin A as a non-invasive physiological biomarker in animal welfare studies. Horm Behav 2018; 102:55-68. [PMID: 29705025 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the animal welfare community strives to empirically assess how care and management practices can help maintain or even enhance welfare, the development of tools for non-invasively measuring physiological biomarkers is essential. Of the suite of physiological biomarkers, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), particularly the secretory form (Secretory IgA or SIgA), is at the forefront because of its crucial role in mucosal immunity and links to physical health, stress, and overall psychological well-being. While interpretation of changes in SIgA concentrations on short time scales is complex, long-term SIgA patterns are consistent: conditions that create chronic stress lead to suppression of SIgA. In contrast, when welfare is enhanced, SIgA is predicted to stabilize at higher concentrations. In this review, we examine how SIgA concentrations are reflective of both physiological stress and immune function. We then review the literature associating SIgA concentrations with various metrics of animal welfare and provide detailed methodological considerations for SIgA monitoring. Overall, our aim is to provide an in-depth discussion regarding the value of SIgA as physiological biomarker to studies aiming to understand the links between stress and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Staley
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States.
| | - Melinda G Conners
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States
| | - Katie Hall
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States
| | - Lance J Miller
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States
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Insights into the Evolution of Host Association through the Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Human Periodontal Pathobiont, Desulfobulbus oralis. mBio 2018. [PMID: 29535201 PMCID: PMC5850319 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02061-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiota encompasses representatives of many bacterial lineages that have not yet been cultured. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of previously uncultured Desulfobulbus oralis, the first human-associated representative of its genus. As mammalian-associated microbes rarely have free-living close relatives, D. oralis provides opportunities to study how bacteria adapt and evolve within a host. This sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacterium has adapted to the human oral subgingival niche by curtailing its physiological repertoire, losing some biosynthetic abilities and metabolic independence, and by dramatically reducing environmental sensing and signaling capabilities. The genes that enable free-living Desulfobulbus to synthesize the potent neurotoxin methylmercury were also lost by D. oralis, a notably positive outcome of host association. However, horizontal gene acquisitions from other members of the microbiota provided novel mechanisms of interaction with the human host, including toxins like leukotoxin and hemolysins. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that most of those factors are actively expressed, including in the subgingival environment, and some are secreted. Similar to other known oral pathobionts, D. oralis can trigger a proinflammatory response in oral epithelial cells, suggesting a direct role in the development of periodontal disease. Animal-associated microbiota likely assembled as a result of numerous independent colonization events by free-living microbes followed by coevolution with their host and other microbes. Through specific adaptation to various body sites and physiological niches, microbes have a wide range of contributions, from beneficial to disease causing. Desulfobulbus oralis provides insights into genomic and physiological transformations associated with transition from an open environment to a host-dependent lifestyle and the emergence of pathogenicity. Through a multifaceted mechanism triggering a proinflammatory response, D. oralis is a novel periodontal pathobiont. Even though culture-independent approaches can provide insights into the potential role of the human microbiome “dark matter,” cultivation and experimental characterization remain important to studying the roles of individual organisms in health and disease.
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Berghof TVL, Visker MHPW, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ, Vereijken ALJ, Bovenhuis H. Genomic Region Containing Toll-Like Receptor Genes Has a Major Impact on Total IgM Antibodies Including KLH-Binding IgM Natural Antibodies in Chickens. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1879. [PMID: 29375555 PMCID: PMC5767321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are antigen binding antibodies present in individuals without a previous exposure to this antigen. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-binding NAb levels were previously associated with survival in chickens. This suggests that selective breeding for KLH-binding NAb may increase survival by means of improved general disease resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed to identify genes underlying genetic variation in NAb levels. The studied population consisted of 1,628 adolescent layer chickens with observations for titers of KLH-binding NAb of the isotypes IgM, IgA, IgG, the total KLH-binding (IgT) NAb titers, total antibody concentrations of the isotypes IgM, IgA, IgG, and the total antibodies concentration in plasma. GWAS were performed using 57,636 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). One chromosomal region on chromosome 4 was associated with KLH-binding IgT NAb, and total IgM concentration, and especially with KLH-binding IgM NAb. The region of interest was fine mapped by imputing the region of the study population to whole genome sequence, and subsequently performing an association study using the imputed sequence variants. 16 candidate genes were identified, of which FAM114A1, Toll-like receptor 1 family member B (TLR1B), TLR1A, Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) showed the strongest associations. SNP located in coding regions of the candidate genes were checked for predicted changes in protein functioning. One SNP (at 69,965,939 base pairs) received the maximum impact score from two independent prediction tools, which makes this SNP the most likely causal variant. This SNP is located in TLR1A, which suggests a fundamental role of TLR1A on regulation of IgM levels (i.e., KLH-binding IgM NAb, and total IgM concentration), or B cells biology, or both. This study contributes to increased understanding of (genetic) regulation of KLH-binding NAb levels, and total antibody concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom V L Berghof
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen H P W Visker
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joop A J Arts
- Adaptation Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan J van der Poel
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Addie L J Vereijken
- Hendrix Genetics Research, Technology and Services B.V., Research & Technology Centre, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Henk Bovenhuis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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50
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Isaac McGraw B, Sweeney C, Savaşan S. Recurrent urinary tract infections and low secretory IgA following CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65. [PMID: 28766894 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Isaac McGraw
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Süreyya Savaşan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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