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Lacconi V, Massimiani M, Carriero I, Bianco C, Ticconi C, Pavone V, Alteri A, Muzii L, Rago R, Pisaturo V, Campagnolo L. When the Embryo Meets the Endometrium: Identifying the Features Required for Successful Embryo Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2834. [PMID: 38474081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments relies on a multitude of events and factors involving both the endometrium and the embryo. Despite concerted efforts on both fronts, the overall success rates of IVF techniques continue to range between 25% and 30%. The role of the endometrium in implantation has been recently recognized, leading to the hypothesis that both the "soil" and the "seed" play a central role in a successful pregnancy. In this respect, identification of the molecular signature of endometrial receptivity together with the selection of the best embryo for transfer become crucial in ART. Currently, efforts have been made to develop accurate, predictive, and personalized tests to identify the window of implantation and the best quality embryo. However, the value of these tests is still debated, as conflicting results are reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically report the available criteria to optimize the success of embryo transfer and to better understand current limitations and potential areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lacconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Massimiani
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Carriero
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bianco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ticconi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pavone
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alteri
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Rago
- Physiopathology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via dei Monti Tiburtini 385/389, 00157 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pisaturo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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García-Gómez E, Gómez-Viais YI, Cruz-Aranda MM, Martínez-Razo LD, Reyes-Mayoral C, Ibarra-González L, Montoya-Estrada A, Osorio-Caballero M, Perichart-Perera O, Camacho-Arroyo I, Cerbón M, Reyes-Muñoz E, Vázquez-Martínez ER. The Effect of Metformin and Carbohydrate-Controlled Diet on DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Endometrium of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076857. [PMID: 37047828 PMCID: PMC10094785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with infertility and metabolic disorders in reproductive-aged women. In this study, we evaluated the expression of eight genes related to endometrial function and their DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of PCOS patients and women without the disease (control group). In addition, eight of the PCOS patients underwent intervention with metformin (1500 mg/day) and a carbohydrate-controlled diet (type and quantity) for three months. Clinical and metabolic parameters were determined, and RT-qPCR and MeDIP-qPCR were used to evaluate gene expression and DNA methylation levels, respectively. Decreased expression levels of HOXA10, GAB1, and SLC2A4 genes and increased DNA methylation levels of the HOXA10 promoter were found in the endometrium of PCOS patients compared to controls. After metformin and nutritional intervention, some metabolic and clinical variables improved in PCOS patients. This intervention was associated with increased expression of HOXA10, ESR1, GAB1, and SLC2A4 genes and reduced DNA methylation levels of the HOXA10 promoter in the endometrium of PCOS women. Our preliminary findings suggest that metformin and a carbohydrate-controlled diet improve endometrial function in PCOS patients, partly by modulating DNA methylation of the HOXA10 gene promoter and the expression of genes implicated in endometrial receptivity and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth García-Gómez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Yadira Inés Gómez-Viais
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Martin Mizael Cruz-Aranda
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Martínez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | - Lizeth Ibarra-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Araceli Montoya-Estrada
- Coordinación de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Osorio-Caballero
- Departamento de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reyes-Muñoz
- Coordinación de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer)-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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Pandey S, Ahmad Bhat I, Kumar Bharti M, Shabir U, Ahmad Peer B, Baiju I, Sonwane A, Chandra V, Sai Kumar G, Taru Sharma G. Progesterone modulates adhesion molecules in uterine epithelial cells and in vitro embryo production in buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:833-843. [PMID: 32335951 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of progesterone (P4) in modulation of the expression profile of adhesion-related molecules in uterine epithelial cells (UECs) and in vitro blastocyst production in buffalo. UECs were isolated from slaughterhouse-derived uteri by enzymatic treatment, and cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and PCR assays. The well-characterized UECs were exposed to different concentrations of P4 (0, 0.314, 3.14 and 6.28 ng/ml) along with the basal level of oestradiol for 6 days. Thereafter, the relative mRNA expression of different biomolecules such as mucin 1 (MUC1), osteopontin, integrin alpha (α3, α6 and αV) and beta (β1 and β3) subunits, progesterone receptor (PR) and oestrogen receptor, was evaluated. Further, day 2 post-insemination embryos were cultured in mSOF supplemented with or without P4. UECs were found positive for cytokeratin expression and negative for vimentin expression. Progesterone treatment significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of most of the transcripts compared with the control group, and correspondingly, the immunofluorescence depicted higher protein expression of all these molecules. Further, the long-term exposure of UECs to P4 downregulated the expression of PR and, concomitantly, MUC1. Progesterone supplementation to embryo culture medium significantly (p < .05) improved the blastocyst rate. The study demonstrates the role of P4 hormone in modulation of the expression of early implantation-related biomolecules in uterine epithelial cells; hence, adequate level of steroids is crucial for normal embryo development and its implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Bharti
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, India
| | - Uffaq Shabir
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Peer
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Indu Baiju
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Arvind Sonwane
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gutulla Sai Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Dinice L, Cacciamani A, Esposito G, Taurone S, Carletti R, Ripandelli G, Artico M, Micera A. Osteopontin in vitreous and idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:1503-1513. [PMID: 32277255 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate osteopontin (OPN) expression in vitreous and in related idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs), with respect to VEGF-A, IL8, MIP1α, IL6, and IL33, and correlate OPN expression with disease staging. METHODS Fifteen (15) vitreous and allied ERMs were collected at the time of therapeutic vitreoretinal surgery. Additional 5 vitreous and 10 ERMs (historical collection) were used. Biochemical and molecular analysis of OPN was performed in clear vitreous, vitreal pelleted cells, and ERMs. Double-immunofluorescence analysis (OPN - GFAP and OPN - αSMA) was performed on paraffin and whole-mounted ERMs. Vitreal OPN levels were correlated to those of VEGF-A, IL8, MIP1α, IL6, and IL33. RESULTS High OPN levels were observed in vitreal samples, and OPN transcripts were amplified in vitreal cells and related ERMs. OPN immunoreactivity was found in ERMs, mainly in GFAP-bearing (Muller cells) and to a less extend in αSMA-expressing (myofibroblasts) cells. OPN levels were highest at early stages of ERM formation and positively correlated to VEGF-A and MIP1α. CONCLUSIONS High OPN levels in vitreous, OPN transcripts in vitreal cells/ERMs, OPN immunoreactivity in activated Müller cells and contractile myofibroblasts, as well as the correlation with VEGF-A and MIP1α fulfill the potential involvement of OPN in both inflammation and tissue remodeling that takes part in vitreoretinal interface disorders. The highest OPN levels at early stages of ERM formation would prospect OPN as a potential biomarker for disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Dinice
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Graziana Esposito
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6, 00184, Rome, Italy.
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The Expression of ERK1/2 in Female Yak ( Bos grunniens) Reproductive Organs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020334. [PMID: 32093255 PMCID: PMC7070411 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reproductive organs undergo different histological appearances and physiological processes under different reproductive statuses. The variation of these organs depends on a delicate regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) super family. They have important roles in regulating various biological processes of different cells, tissues, and organ types. Activated ERK1/2 generally promotes cell survival, but under certain conditions, ERK1/2 also have the function of inducing apoptosis. It is widely believed that ERK1/2 play a significant role in regulating the reproductive processes of mammals. The goal of our research is to investigate the expression and distribution of ERK1/2 in the yak's main reproductive organs during different stages. In the present study, samples of the ovary, oviduct, and uterus of 15 adult female yak were collected and used in the experiment. The ERK1/2 proteins, localization, and quantitative expression of their mRNA were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results indicated that ERK1/2 proteins and their mRNA were highly expressed in the ovary of the luteal phase and gestation period, in the oviduct of the luteal phase, and in the uterus of the luteal phase and gestation period. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong distribution of ERK1/2 proteins in follicular granulosa cells, granular luteal cells, villous epithelial cells of the oviduct, endometrial glandular epithelium, and luminal epithelium. These results demonstrated that the expression of ERK1 and ERK2 proteins and their mRNA in the yak's ovary, oviduct, and uterus varies with the stage of the reproductive cycle. The variation character of ERK1 and ERK 2 expression in the yak's main reproductive organs during different stages implies that they play an important role in regulating the reproductive function under different physiological statuses.
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Elnaggar A, Farag AH, Gaber ME, Hafeez MA, Ali MS, Atef AM. AlphaVBeta3 Integrin expression within uterine endometrium in unexplained infertility: a prospective cohort study. BMC Womens Health 2017; 17:90. [PMID: 28950833 PMCID: PMC5615471 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation defect is one of these contributing factors for unexplained infertility. In the mid-luteal phase, when implantation is expected to happen, Integrins expression is remarkably increased. So, Integrins could potentially serve as markers for the frame of the window of implantation. αVβ3 integrin could have a role as a potential receptor for embryonic attachment. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether the women with unexplained infertility have a pattern of expression of endometrial αvβ3 integrin that could differ from those who have normal fertility or not. METHOD Two groups of women have been included in this study. The first group was the Unexplained Infertility Group. This group included women diagnosed with unexplained primary infertility. The second group was the fertile Group, which included fertile parous women presented to the family planning clinic seeking contraception. 2D transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) was performed six days after detecting urinary LH surge. (TVS) was used to measure endometrial thickness, and subendometrial blood flow color Doppler Resistance Index (RI). On the same day of transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial samples were taken using the Endocell® office suction sampler for Immunohistochemistry (IHC) study using monoclonal mouse IgG antibodies to detect endometrial αvβ3 integrin. RESULTS Thirty-five fertile women with a diagnosis of unexplained infertility were included as a group I [Unexplained infertility Group] along with an equal number of fertile women as group II [Fertile Group]. The group of women with a diagnosis of unexplained infertility had a significantly lower αvβ3 integrin score when compared to the fertile group (median score 0, range:0-2 and median score 1, range: 1-3 and for infertile and fertile groups respectively, P < 0.0001). In addition, the unexplained infertility group had significantly higher subendometrial flow RI and Significantly thinner endometrial thickness. CONCLUSION This study showed that Alpha v Beta 3 integrin is a significantly lower in endometrium in cases of unexplained infertility, which may suggest that underexpression of Alpha v Beta 3 integrin in human endometrium could be linked to defective uterine receptivity, and play a role as an unrecognized cause of infertility in this population of women. We need larger studies of adequate statistical power, ideally investigating more than one menstrual cycle in the same woman, to investigate the usefulness of using these molecular molecules in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elnaggar
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Jersey General Hospital, The Parade, Jersey, UK
| | - Amr H. Farag
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Gaber
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel Hafeez
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Ali
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Atef
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
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He Z, Ma Y, Li L, Liu J, Yang H, Chen C, Lin N, Bai Y, Ma R, Li R, Wu Z, Qiao J. Osteopontin and Integrin αvβ3 Expression during the Implantation Window in IVF Patients with Elevated Serum Progesterone and Oestradiol Level. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016; 76:709-717. [PMID: 27365542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore whether endometrial receptivity is determined by osteopontin (OPN) and integrin αvβ3 expression in women with elevated serum progesterone (P) and/or oestradiol (E2) who are undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Methods: According to serum hormone levels on the day of HCG administration, 33 infertile women were divided into 3 groups: the high E2, high P, and high E2 and P groups. The control group included 11 fertile, healthy women. Endometrial biopsy was performed on ovulation day + 7 to + 8 for all study participants, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of OPN and integrin αvβ3 were analyzed. Result: No statistically significant differences regarding OPN and integrin αvβ3 expression were found between infertile patients in the high P, high E2, high E2 and P and control groups. There was no significant correlation between OPN and integrin αvβ3 staining intensity during the implantation window biopsy in any of the groups studied. Conclusion: Endometrial OPN and integrant αvβ3 expression/co-expression is not impaired during the window of implantation in patients with high P, high E2, or high E2 and P levels. The clinical value of assessing endometrial receptivity with OPN and integrin αvβ3 seems to be uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z He
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Chengong New District, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medical Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - N Lin
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Bai
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - R Ma
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - R Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medical Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Reproductive Medical Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - J Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medical Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Capote J, Kramerova I, Martinez L, Vetrone S, Barton ER, Sweeney HL, Miceli MC, Spencer MJ. Osteopontin ablation ameliorates muscular dystrophy by shifting macrophages to a pro-regenerative phenotype. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:275-88. [PMID: 27091452 PMCID: PMC5084275 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the degenerative disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammatory cells enter muscles in response to repetitive muscle damage. Immune factors are required for muscle regeneration, but chronic inflammation creates a profibrotic milieu that exacerbates disease progression. Osteopontin (OPN) is an immunomodulator highly expressed in dystrophic muscles. Ablation of OPN correlates with reduced fibrosis and improved muscle strength as well as reduced natural killer T (NKT) cell counts. Here, we demonstrate that the improved dystrophic phenotype observed with OPN ablation does not result from reductions in NKT cells. OPN ablation skews macrophage polarization toward a pro-regenerative phenotype by reducing M1 and M2a and increasing M2c subsets. These changes are associated with increased expression of pro-regenerative factors insulin-like growth factor 1, leukemia inhibitory factor, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Furthermore, altered macrophage polarization correlated with increases in muscle weight and muscle fiber diameter, resulting in long-term improvements in muscle strength and function in mdx mice. These findings suggest that OPN ablation promotes muscle repair via macrophage secretion of pro-myogenic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Capote
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Irina Kramerova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Leonel Martinez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sylvia Vetrone
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M Carrie Miceli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Melissa J Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Davidson LM, Coward K. Molecular mechanisms of membrane interaction at implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:19-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lien M. Davidson
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; Headington Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; Headington Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
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Ozbilgin K, Karaca F, Turan A, Köse C, Vatansever S, Ozcakir T. The higher heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) in missed abortion. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kang YJ, Forbes K, Carver J, Aplin JD. The role of the osteopontin–integrin αvβ3 interaction at implantation: functional analysis using three different in vitro models. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:739-49. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Xiao Y, Li T, Xia E, Yang X, Sun X, Zhou Y. Expression of integrin β3 and osteopontin in the eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis during the implantation window. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170:419-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Bhagwat SR, Chandrashekar DS, Kakar R, Davuluri S, Bajpai AK, Nayak S, Bhutada S, Acharya K, Sachdeva G. Endometrial receptivity: a revisit to functional genomics studies on human endometrium and creation of HGEx-ERdb. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58419. [PMID: 23555582 PMCID: PMC3608645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrium acquires structural and functional competence for embryo implantation only during the receptive phase of menstrual cycle in fertile women. Sizeable data are available to indicate that this ability is acquired by modulation in the expression of several genes/gene products. However, there exists little consensus on the identity, number of expressed/not-detected genes and their pattern of expression (up or down regulation). METHODS Literature search was carried out to retrieve the data on endometrial expression of genes/proteins in various conditions. Data were compiled to generate a comprehensive database, Human Gene Expression Endometrial Receptivity database (HGEx-ERdb). The database was used to identify the Receptivity Associated Genes (RAGs) which display the similar pattern of expression across different investigations. Transcript levels of select RAGs encoding cell adhesion proteins were compared between two human endometrial epithelial cell lines; RL95-2 and HEC-1-A by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). Further select RAGs were investigated for their expression in pre-receptive (n = 4) and receptive phase (n = 4) human endometrial tissues by immunohistochemical studies. JAr spheroid attachment assays were carried out to assess the functional significance of two RAGs. RESULTS HGEx-ERdb (http://resource.ibab.ac.in/HGEx-ERdb/) helped identification of 179 RAGs, of which 151 genes were consistently expressed and upregulated and 28 consistently not-detected and downregulated in receptive phase as compared to pre-receptive phase. q-RT-PCR confirmed significantly higher (p<0.005) expression of Thrombospondin1 (THBS1), CD36 and Mucin 16 transcripts, in RL95-2 as compared to HEC-1-A. Further, the pretreatment with antibodies against CD36 and COMP led to a reduction in the percentage of JAr spheroids attached to RL95-2. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated significantly higher (p<0.05) expression of endometrial THBS1, Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) and CD36 in the receptive phase as compared to pre-receptive phase human endometrial tissues. CONCLUSION HGEx-ERdb is a catalogue of 19,285 genes, reported for their expression in human endometrium. Further 179 genes were identified as the RAGs. Expression analysis of some RAGs validated the utility of approach employed in creation of HGEx-ERdb. Studies aimed towards defining the specific functions of RAGs and their potential networks may yield relevant information about the major 'nodes' which regulate endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R. Bhagwat
- Primate Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Ruchi Kakar
- Primate Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sravanthi Davuluri
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh K. Bajpai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- Primate Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Bhutada
- Primate Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kshitish Acharya
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Primate Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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Wei X, Liu S, Wang X, Yan Q. CD82 expression alters with human endometrial cycles and affects the uterine endometrial receptivity in vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:254-62. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a process that requires both temporal and spatial synchronization of the uterine endometrium and the embryo, and the endometrium becomes receptive to the embryo during the window of implantation. Although the expression patterns of many implantation-related molecules change dynamically during this process, the impact of CD82 on endometrial receptivity has not been elucidated. By immunohistochemical staining, we found that CD82 levels rose from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase in human endometrium. Specifically, the highest level appeared in mid- and late-secretory phases. Consistently, RL95-2 cells, representative of high-receptive endometrial epithelium, expressed higher levels of CD82 than did HEC-1A cells, which are representative of low-receptive endometrial epithelium, as detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, progesterone up-regulated the expression of CD82 in both epithelial cell lines. Down-regulation of CD82 in RL95-2 cells by either CD82 siRNA transfection or treatment with a CD82 antibody significantly decreased the adhesion of human embryonic JAR cells to RL95-2 cell monolayers ( P < 0.01) and inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In contrast, up-regulation of CD82 in HEC-1A cells by CD82 cDNA transfection promoted embryonic JAR cell adhesion to HEC-1A monolayers ( P < 0.05) and activated the phosphorylation of FAK. In conclusion, the expression of CD82 increases in endometrial tissues during the window of embryo implantation, CD82 expression affects endometrial receptivity of the uterine epithelial cells in vitro, and the FAK signaling pathway may be involved in this phenomenon. The correlation between CD82 and endometrial receptivity suggests that CD82 may serve as a potential marker of endometrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, China
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Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Carmona F, Casamitjana R, Balasch J. Expression pattern of osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin during the implantation window in infertile patients with early stages of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:805-13. [PMID: 22215628 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study endometrial receptivity in terms of osteopontin (OPN) and αvβ3 integrin expression and co-expression in infertile women with early stages of endometriosis. METHODS We investigated the immunohistochemical expression and co-expression of OPN and αvβ3 integrin in the endometrium of 20 infertile patients with Stage I or II endometriosis as the only detectable cause of infertility, 20 infertile patients with unexplained infertility and 20 fertile women undergoing tubal sterilization. Two endometrial biopsies were performed during a single menstrual cycle (postovulatory Day +7 to +8 and 4 days later) in each subject. RESULTS No statistically significant differences regarding OPN and αvβ3 integrin expression were found between infertile patients with endometriosis and the two control groups. There was no significant correlation between OPN and αvβ3 integrin staining intensity in the mid-luteal phase biopsies in any of the groups studied. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial OPN and αvβ3 integrin expression or co-expression is not impaired during the window of implantation in patients with Stage I-II endometriosis. Further studies are needed to determine whether these results imply normal endometrial receptivity in such patients or add to the increasing uncertainty about the clinical value of assessing the endometrium with these markers of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casals
- Institut Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, c/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Altmäe S, Reimand J, Hovatta O, Zhang P, Kere J, Laisk T, Saare M, Peters M, Vilo J, Stavreus-Evers A, Salumets A. Research resource: interactome of human embryo implantation: identification of gene expression pathways, regulation, and integrated regulatory networks. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 26:203-17. [PMID: 22074951 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for successful embryo implantation is adequate preparation of receptive endometrium and the establishment and maintenance of a viable embryo. The success of implantation further relies upon a two-way dialogue between the embryo and uterus. However, molecular bases of these preimplantation and implantation processes in humans are not well known. We performed genome expression analyses of human embryos (n = 128) and human endometria (n = 8). We integrated these data with protein-protein interactions in order to identify molecular networks within the endometrium and the embryo, and potential embryo-endometrium interactions at the time of implantation. For that, we applied a novel network profiling algorithm HyperModules, which combines topological module identification and functional enrichment analysis. We found a major wave of transcriptional down-regulation in preimplantation embryos. In receptive-stage endometrium, several genes and signaling pathways were identified, including JAK-STAT signaling and inflammatory pathways. The main curated embryo-endometrium interaction network highlighted the importance of cell adhesion molecules in the implantation process. We also identified cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions involved in implantation, where osteopontin (SPP1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and leptin (LEP) pathways were intertwining. Further, we identified a number of novel players in human embryo-endometrium interactions, such as apolipoprotein D (APOD), endothelin 1 (END1), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), gastrin (GAST), kringle containing trnasmembrane protein 1 (KREMEN1), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), versican (VCAN), and others. Our findings provide a fundamental resource for better understanding of the genetic network that leads to successful embryo implantation. We demonstrate the first systems biology approach into the complex molecular network of the implantation process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention, and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wan PC, Bao ZJ, Wu Y, Yang L, Hao ZD, Yang YL, Shi GQ, Liu Y, Zeng SM. αv β3 Integrin may participate in conceptus attachment by regulating morphologic changes in the endometrium during peri-implantation in ovine. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:840-7. [PMID: 21605197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine expression and potential functions of α(v) and β(3) integrin subunits in ovine endometrium during the peri-implantation period (days 8-17 after fertilization). The morphologic changes in the endometrium were observed histochemically following haematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining, whereas the expressions of α(v) and β(3) integrin subunits were analysed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The filamentous conceptus attached to the luminal epithelium (LE) on day 17 of pregnancy, with no differences in endometrial morphology between days 8-12 of pregnancy. However, endometrial glands in the endometrial stroma (S) underwent extensive hyperplasia from day 14 to day 17, increased reductus of the LE with an obvious proliferation of caruncles, and an increased number and diameter of blood vessels (V) in the endometrium. The relative expression levels of α(v) and β(3) integrin subunits mRNA gradually increased until day 16, but sharply declined on day 17. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression pattern of α(v) and β(3) integrin subunit proteins paralleled that of the corresponding mRNA. In addition, immunohistochemical localization of α(v) and β(3) integrin subunits confirmed their presence in the glandular epithelium (GE), LE and endometrial stroma. Immunostaining on LE and stroma varied with the increasing days of pregnancy, with the strongest immunostaining on days 16 and 17. In conclusion, expression of α(V) and β(3) integrin subunits was closely related to the early progression of pregnancy and conceptus attachment; therefore, we inferred that α(v) β(3) integrin may participate in conceptus attachment by the regulation of endometrial morphology during peri-implantation in ovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-C Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Liu XY, Li L, Yao JQ, Chen X, Liu QH. Osteopontin expression in vitreous and proliferative retinal membranes of patients with proliferative vitreous retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2011; 4:406-9. [PMID: 22553691 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.04.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze osteopontin (OPN) expression in vitreous and proliferative retinal membranes of patients with proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR). METHODS A total of 54 vitreous fluid samples were obtained between 2009 and 2010, which contained 45 with PVR (group A) and 9 without PVR (group B). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to quantify the OPN concentrations in vitreous fluid. Four samples of proliferative retinal membrane were also obtained at the time of vitrectomy, and their contents of OPN were measured by Real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The OPN levels in the vitreous fluid were 778.48±62.06ng/mL in group A and 452.99±32.52ng/mL in group B. The vitreous OPN levels in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and to rise by time in the early stages of PVR. The average OPN levels in the proliferative retinal membranes (F=0.14) were also higher than those in the retinal pigment cells (F=0) using Real-time RT-PCR. CONCLUSION The high vitreous and proliferative retinal membrane OPN levels in PVR suggest that OPN might promote the development of PVR. The vitreous OPN concentrations are rising by the time in the early phases of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin as markers of endometrial receptivity: the effect of different hormone therapies. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:349-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effect of ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone on the expression of integrins alpha(3), beta(1) in the rat endometrium during the implantation period. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 150:57-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Correlation of the Expression of Integrin αvβ3 in Endometrium and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Infertile Patients. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:487-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110362269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21:296-300. [PMID: 19458522 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32832c972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This bibliography is compiled by clinicians from the journals listed at the end of this publication. It is based on literature entered into our database between 1 February 2008 and 31 January 2009 (articles are generally added to the database about two and a half months after publication). In addition, the bibliography contains every paper annotated by reviewers; these references were obtained from a variety of bibliographic databases and published between the beginning of the review period and the time of going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this issue.
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Radi ZA, Marusak RA, Morris DL. Species Comparison of the Role of p38 MAP Kinase in the Female Reproductive System. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:109-24. [PMID: 22271984 PMCID: PMC3246056 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are members of discrete signal
transduction pathways that have significant regulatory roles in a variety of biological
processes, depending on the cell, tissue and organ type. p38 MAPKs are involved in
inflammation, cell growth and differentiation and cell cycle. In the female reproductive
system, p38 MAPKs are known to regulate various aspects of the reproductive process such
as mammalian estrous and menstrual cycles as well as early pregnancy and parturition. p38
MAPKs have also been implicated in alterations and pathologies observed in the female
reproductive system. Therefore, pharmacologic modulation of p38 MAPKs, and inter-connected
signaling pathways (e.g., estrogen receptor signaling, c-fos, c-jun), may influence
reproductive physiology and function. This article provides a critical, comparative review
of available data on the roles of p38 MAPKs in the mammalian female reproductive system
and in reproductive pathophysiology in humans and preclinical species. We first introduce
fundamental differences and similarities of the mammalian female reproductive system that
should be considered by toxicologists and toxicologic pathologists when assessing the
effects of new pharmacologic agents on the female reproductive system. We then explore in
detail the known roles for p38 MAPKs and related molecules in female reproduction. This
foundation is then extended to pathological conditions in which p38 MAPKs are thought to
play an integral role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A. Radi
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Global
R&D, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | | | - Dale L. Morris
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Global
R&D, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
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