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Zhang M, He S, Han X, Cui J, Wang H, Huo X, Yan F, Feng L, Wang C, Ma X. Discovery of Potential Antituberculosis Agents Targeted Methionine Aminopeptidase 1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Developed Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16210-16215. [PMID: 37899593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Methionine aminopeptidase 1 (MtMET-AP1) is a hydrolase that mediates the necessary post-translational N-terminal methionine excision (NME) of peptides during protein synthesis, which is necessary for bacterial proliferation and is a potential target for the treatment of tuberculosis. Based on the functional characteristics of MtMET-AP1, we developed an enzymatic activated near-infrared fluorescent probe DDAN-MT for rapid, highly selective, and real-time monitoring of endogenous MtMET-AP1 activity in M. tuberculosis. Using the probe DDAN-MT, a visually high-throughput screening technique was established, which obtained three potential inhibitors (GSK-J4 hydrochchloride, JX06, and lavendustin C) against MtMET-AP1 from a 2560 compounds library. More importantly, these inhibitors could inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Ra especially (MICs < 5 μM), with low toxicities on intestinal bacteria strains and human cells. Therefore, the visual sensing of MtMET-AP1 was successfully performed by DDAN-MT, and MtMET-AP1 inhibitors were discovered as potential antituberculosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shengui He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiuyan Han
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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2
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Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, González-Matos M, Varela AC, Méndez Y, Del Rivero MA, Rivera DG, González-Bacerio J. Parasite Metalo-aminopeptidases as Targets in Human Infectious Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:416-461. [PMID: 36825701 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230224140724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic human infectious diseases are a worldwide health problem due to the increased resistance to conventional drugs. For this reason, the identification of novel molecular targets and the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required. Metalo- aminopeptidases are promising targets in parasitic infections. They participate in crucial processes for parasite growth and pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE In this review, we describe the structural, functional and kinetic properties, and inhibitors, of several parasite metalo-aminopeptidases, for their use as targets in parasitic diseases. CONCLUSION Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 aminopeptidases are essential enzymes for parasite development, and M18 aminopeptidase could be involved in hemoglobin digestion and erythrocyte invasion and egression. Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania major acidic M17 aminopeptidases can play a nutritional role. T. brucei basic M17 aminopeptidase down-regulation delays the cytokinesis. The inhibition of Leishmania basic M17 aminopeptidase could affect parasite viability. L. donovani methionyl aminopeptidase inhibition prevents apoptosis but not the parasite death. Decrease in Acanthamoeba castellanii M17 aminopeptidase activity produces cell wall structural modifications and encystation inhibition. Inhibition of Babesia bovis growth is probably related to the inhibition of the parasite M17 aminopeptidase, probably involved in host hemoglobin degradation. Schistosoma mansoni M17 aminopeptidases inhibition may affect parasite development, since they could participate in hemoglobin degradation, surface membrane remodeling and eggs hatching. Toxoplasma gondii M17 aminopeptidase inhibition could attenuate parasite virulence, since it is apparently involved in the hydrolysis of cathepsin Cs- or proteasome-produced dipeptides and/or cell attachment/invasion processes. These data are relevant to validate these enzymes as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha E Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana C Varela
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanira Méndez
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maday A Del Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
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Metal utilization in genome-reduced bacteria: Do human mycoplasmas rely on iron? Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5752-5761. [PMID: 34765092 PMCID: PMC8566771 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are parasitic bacteria with streamlined genomes and complex nutritional requirements. Although iron is vital for almost all organisms, its utilization by mycoplasmas is controversial. Despite its minimalist nature, mycoplasmas can survive and persist within the host, where iron availability is rigorously restricted through nutritional immunity. In this review, we describe the putative iron-enzymes, transporters, and metalloregulators of four relevant human mycoplasmas. This work brings in light critical differences in the mycoplasma-iron interplay. Mycoplasma penetrans, the species with the largest genome (1.36 Mb), shows a more classic repertoire of iron-related proteins, including different enzymes using iron-sulfur clusters as well as iron storage and transport systems. In contrast, the iron requirement is less apparent in the three species with markedly reduced genomes, Mycoplasma genitalium (0.58 Mb), Mycoplasma hominis (0.67 Mb) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (0.82 Mb), as they exhibit only a few proteins possibly involved in iron homeostasis. The multiple facets of iron metabolism in mycoplasmas illustrate the remarkable evolutive potential of these minimal organisms when facing nutritional immunity and question the dependence of several human-infecting species for iron. Collectively, our data contribute to better understand the unique biology and infective strategies of these successful pathogens.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ECF transporter
- ECF, energy-coupling factor
- Fur, ferric uptake regulator
- Hrl, histidine-rich lipoprotein
- Iron homeostasis
- Metal acquisition
- Metalloenzyme
- Mge, Mycoplasma genitalium
- Mho, Mycoplasma hominis
- Mollicutes
- Mpe, Mycoplasma penetrans
- Mpn, Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Mycoplasmas
- PDB, protein data bank
- RNR, ribonucleotide reductase
- XRF, X-ray fluorescence
- ZIP, zinc-iron permease
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Potteth US, Upadhyay T, Saini S, Saraogi I. Novel Antibacterial Targets in Protein Biogenesis Pathways. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100459. [PMID: 34643994 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat due to the ability of bacteria to quickly evolve in response to the selection pressure induced by anti-infective drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In this review, we discuss pathways involving bacterial protein biogenesis as attractive antibacterial targets since many of them are essential for bacterial survival and virulence. We discuss the structural understanding of various components associated with bacterial protein biogenesis, which in turn can be utilized for rational antibiotic design. We highlight efforts made towards developing inhibitors of these pathways with insights into future possibilities and challenges. We also briefly discuss other potential targets related to protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana S Potteth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Snehlata Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishu Saraogi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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5
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González-Bacerio J, Izquierdo M, Aguado ME, Varela AC, González-Matos M, Del Rivero MA. Using microbial metalo-aminopeptidases as targets in human infectious diseases. MICROBIAL CELL 2021; 8:239-246. [PMID: 34692819 PMCID: PMC8485470 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.10.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Several microbial metalo-aminopeptidases are emerging as novel targets for the treatment of human infectious diseases. Some of them are well validated as targets and some are not; some are essential enzymes and others are important for virulence and pathogenesis. For another group, it is not clear if their enzymatic activity is involved in the critical functions that they mediate. But one aspect has been established: they display relevant roles in bacteria and protozoa that could be targeted for therapeutic purposes. This work aims to describe these biological functions for several microbial metalo-aminopeptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Mirtha Elisa Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana C Varela
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maday Alonso Del Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
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6
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Development and Validation of a Sensitive, Specific and Reproducible UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of OJT007, A Novel Anti-Leishmanial Agent: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094624. [PMID: 33925369 PMCID: PMC8123827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OJT007 is a methionine aminopeptidase 1 (MetAP1) inhibitor with potent anti-proliferative effects against Leishmania Major. In order to study its pharmacokinetics as a part of the drug development process, a sensitive, specific, and reproducible ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated. Voriconazole was used as the internal standard to generate standard curves ranging from 5 to 1000 ng/mL. The separation was achieved using a UPLC system equipped with an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water as the mobile phase under gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The mass analysis was performed with a 4000 QTRAP® mass spectrometer using multiple-ion reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive mode, with the transition of m/z 325 → m/z 205 for OJT007 and m/z 350 → m/z 101 for voriconazole. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within ±15%. The mean extraction recovery and the matrix effect were 95.1% and 7.96%, respectively, suggesting no significant matrix interfering with the quantification of the drug in rat plasma. This study was successfully used for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of OJT007 using the rat as an animal model.
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7
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Martinez-Quinones P, Komic A, McCarthy CG, Webb RC, Wenceslau CF. Targeting Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction Caused by Circulating Bacterial and Mitochondrial N-Formyl Peptides With Deformylase. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1270. [PMID: 31244835 PMCID: PMC6563851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, the current therapeutic approach to these critically ill patients is centered around supportive care including fluid resuscitation, vasopressors and source control. The incidence of SIRS and sepsis continues to increase in the United States and patients die due to failure to respond to the traditional therapies of nitric oxide blockade, adrenergic agonists, etc. Bacterial and mitochondrial N-formyl peptides (NFPs) act as damage-associated molecular patterns and activate the innate immune system through formyl peptide receptors (FPR) located in immune and non-immune cells, including the vascular endothelium. The resulting inflammatory response manifests as capillary leak, tissue hypoperfusion and vasoplegia, partially due to endothelium barrier breakdown. Potential strategies to prevent this response include decreasing NFP release, breakdown of NFPs, and blocking NFPs from binding FPR. We propose the use of deformylase, the degrading enzyme for NFPs, as potential therapeutic approach to prevent the deleterious effects of NFPs in SIRS and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martinez-Quinones
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Amel Komic
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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8
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Cai Y, Chandrangsu P, Gaballa A, Helmann JD. Lack of formylated methionyl-tRNA has pleiotropic effects on Bacillus subtilis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:185-196. [PMID: 27983482 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria initiate translation using a modified amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), adapted specifically for this function. Most proteins are processed co-translationally by peptide deformylase (PDF) to remove this modification. Although PDF activity is essential in WT cells and is the target of the antibiotic actinonin, bypass mutations in the fmt gene that eliminate the formylation of Met-tRNAMet render PDF dispensable. The extent to which the emergence of fmt bypass mutations might compromise the therapeutic utility of actinonin is determined, in part, by the effects of these bypass mutations on fitness. Here, we characterize the phenotypic consequences of an fmt null mutation in the model organism Bacillus subtilis. An fmt null mutant is defective for several post-exponential phase adaptive programmes including antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, swarming and swimming motility and sporulation. In addition, a survey of well-characterized stress responses reveals an increased sensitivity to metal ion excess and oxidative stress. These diverse phenotypes presumably reflect altered synthesis or stability of key proteins involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cai
- Department of Soil Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pete Chandrangsu
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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9
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John SF, Aniemeke E, Ha NP, Chong CR, Gu P, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Graviss EA, Liu JO, Olaleye OA. Characterization of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone as a novel inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101S:S73-S77. [PMID: 27856197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pose a major public health threat. The 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) report estimates that one in three HIV deaths is due to Mtb, the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB). The lethal synergy between these two pathogens leads to a decline in the immune function of infected individuals as well as a rise in morbidity and mortality rates. The deadly interaction between TB and HIV, along with the heightened emergence of drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, reduced drug efficacy and increased drug toxicity, has made the therapeutic management of co-infected individuals a major challenge. Hence, the development of new drug targets and/or new drug leads are imperative for the effective therapeutic management of co-infected patients. Here, we report the characterization of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (311), a known inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and transcription as a new inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c. MetAP is a metalloprotease that removes the N-terminal methionine during protein synthesis. The essential role of MetAP in microbes makes it a promising chemotherapeutic target. We demonstrated that 311 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c. Furthermore, we found that 311 is active against replicating and aged non-growing Mtb at low micromolar concentrations. These results suggest that 311 is a promising lead for the development of novel class of therapeutic agents with dual inhibition of TB and HIV for the treatment of TB-HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F John
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Emmanuel Aniemeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Ngan P Ha
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Curtis R Chong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peihua Gu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Omonike A Olaleye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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10
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Giglione C, Fieulaine S, Meinnel T. N-terminal protein modifications: Bringing back into play the ribosome. Biochimie 2015; 114:134-46. [PMID: 25450248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal protein modifications correspond to the first modifications which in principle any protein may undergo, before translation is completed by the ribosome. This class of essential modifications can have different nature or function and be catalyzed by a variety of dedicated enzymes. Here, we review the current state of the major N-terminal co-translational modifications, with a particular emphasis to their catalysts, which belong to metalloprotease and acyltransferase clans. The earliest of these modifications corresponds to the N-terminal methionine excision, an ubiquitous and essential process leading to the removal of the first methionine. N-alpha acetylation occurs also in all Kingdoms although its extent appears to be significantly increased in higher eukaryotes. Finally, N-myristoylation is a crucial pathway existing only in eukaryotes. Recent studies dealing on how some of these co-translational modifiers might work in close vicinity of the ribosome is starting to provide new information on when these modifications exactly take place on the elongating nascent chain and the interplay with other ribosome biogenesis factors taking in charge the nascent chains. Here a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the field of N-terminal protein modifications is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Giglione
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Sonia Fieulaine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Thierry Meinnel
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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11
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Krátký M, Vinšová J, Novotná E, Mandíková J, Wsól V, Trejtnar F, Ulmann V, Stolaříková J, Fernandes S, Bhat S, Liu JO. Salicylanilide derivatives block Mycobacterium tuberculosis through inhibition of isocitrate lyase and methionine aminopeptidase. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012; 92:434-9. [PMID: 22765970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of tuberculosis, its health and socio-economic impacts, the presence of drug-resistant forms and a potential threat of latent tuberculosis should serve as a strong impetus for the development of novel antituberculosis agents. We reported the in vitro activity of salicylanilide benzoates and pyrazine-2-carboxylates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.5 μmol/L). Nineteen salicylanilide derivatives with mostly good antimycobacterial activity were evaluated for the inhibition of two essential mycobacterial enzymes, methionine aminopeptidase and isocitrate lyase, which are necessary for the maintenance of the latent tuberculosis infection. Salicylanilide derivatives act as moderate inhibitors of both mycobacterial and human methionine aminopeptidase and they also affect the function of mycobacterial isocitrate lyase. 4-Bromo-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl]phenyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate was the most potent inhibitor of mycobacterial methionine aminopeptidase (41% inhibition at 10 μmol/L) and exhibited the highest selectivity. 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide and 4-chloro-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl]phenyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate caused 59% inhibition of isocitrate lyase at 100 μmol/L concentration and (S)-4-bromo-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl]phenyl 2-acetamido-3-phenylpropanoate produced 22% inhibition at 10 μmol/L; this rate is approximately comparable to 3-nitropropionic acid. Inhibition of those enzymes contributes at least in part to the antimicrobial activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krátký
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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12
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Biochemical characterization of recombinant methionine aminopeptidases (MAPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:191-202. [PMID: 22466806 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MAP) performs the essential post-translational N-terminal methionine excision (NME) of nascent polypeptides during protein synthesis. To characterize MAP from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, two homolgues, mapA (Rv0734) and mapB (Rv2861c), were over expressed and purified as recombinant proteins in E. coli. In vitro activity assay of apo-MtbMAPs using L-Met-p-nitro anilide as substrate revealed MtbMAP A to be catalytically more efficient compared to MtbMAP B. Ni(2+) was the best activator of apo-MtbMAP A, whereas Ni(2+) and Co(2+) activated apo-MtbMAP B equally. MtbMAP B showed higher thermo-stability, but was feedback inhibited by higher concentrations of L-methionine. Aminopeptidase inhibitors like actinonin and bestatin inhibited both MtbMAPs, more prominently MtbMAP B. Among the site-directed mutants of MtbMAP B, substitution of metal-binding residue D142 completely abolished enzyme activity, whereas substitution of residues forming S1' pocket, C105S and T94C, had only moderate effects on substrate hydrolysis. Present study identified a specific insertion region in MtbMAP A sequence which differentiates it from other bacterial and eukaryotic MAPs. A deletion mutant lacking amino acids from this insertion region (MtbMAP A-∆164-176) was constructed to probe into their structural and functional role in activity and stability of MtbMAP A. The limited success in soluble expression of this deletion mutant suggests further optimizations of expression conditions or alternative bioinformatics approaches for further characterization of this deletion mutant of MtbMAP A.
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Olaleye O, Raghunand TR, Bhat S, Chong C, Gu P, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Bishai WR, Liu JO. Characterization of clioquinol and analogues as novel inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 91 Suppl 1:S61-5. [PMID: 22115541 PMCID: PMC11059541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis claims about five thousand lives daily world-wide, while one-third of the world is infected with dormant tuberculosis. The increased emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) has heightened the need for novel antimycobacterial agents. Here, we report the discovery of 7-bromo-5-chloroquinolin-8-ol (CLBQ14)-a congener of clioquinol (CQ) as a potent and selective inhibitor of two methionine aminopeptidases (MetAP) from M. tuberculosis: MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c. MetAP is a metalloprotease that removes the N-terminal methionine during protein synthesis. N-terminal methionine excision (NME) is a universally conserved process required for the post-translational modification of a significant part of the proteome. The essential role of MetAP in microbes makes it a promising target for the development of new therapeutics. Using a target-based approach in a high-throughput screen, we identified CLBQ14 as a novel MtMetAP inhibitor with higher specificity for both MtMetAP1s relative to their human counterparts. We also found that CLBQ14 is potent against replicating and aged non-growing Mtb at low micro molar concentrations. Furthermore, we observed that the antimycobacterial activity of this pharmacophore correlates well with in vitro enzymatic inhibitory activity. Together, these results revealed a new mode of action of clioquinol and its congeners and validated the therapeutic potential of this pharmacophore for TB chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omonike Olaleye
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Present address: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004
| | - Tirumalai R. Raghunand
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Present address: Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shridhar Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Curtis Chong
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Present address: Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Peihua Gu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Actor JK. A summary of the Texas Tuberculosis Research Symposium 2009: Emerging directions in TB research and clinical affairs. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2009; 89 Suppl 1:S1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-9792(09)00119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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