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Wada FW, Desta AF, Gebre M, Mihret W, Seyoum T, Melaku K, Alemu A, Howe R, Mulu A, Mihret A. Pneumococcal colonization and coinfecting respiratory viruses in children under 5 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4174. [PMID: 38378681 PMCID: PMC10879120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in conjunction with respiratory virus infections is essential for enhancing our knowledge of the pathogenesis and advancing the development of effective preventive strategies. Therefore, a case-control study was carried out in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to investigate the colonization rate of S. pneumoniae and its coinfection dynamics with respiratory viruses among children under the age of 5 years. Samples from the nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal, along with socio-demographic and clinical information, were collected from 420 children under 5 years old (210 cases with lower respiratory tract infections and 210 controls with conditions other than respiratory infections.). A one-step Multiplex real-time PCR using the Allplex Respiratory Panel Assays 1-4 was performed to identify respiratory viruses and bacteria. Data analysis was conducted using STATA software version 17. The overall colonization rate of S. pneumoniae in children aged less than 5 years was 51.2% (215/420). The colonization rates in cases and controls were 54.8% (115/210) and 47.6% (100/210), respectively (p = 0.14). Colonization rates were observed to commence at an early age in children, with a colonization rate of 48.9% and 52.7% among infants younger than 6 months controls and cases, respectively. The prevalence of AdV (OR, 3.11; 95% CI [1.31-8.19]), RSV B (OR, 2.53; 95% CI [1.01-6.78]) and HRV (OR, 1.7; 95% CI [1.04-2.78]) tends to be higher in children who tested positive for S. pneumoniae compared to those who tested negative for S. pneumoniae. Further longitudinal research is needed to understand and determine interaction mechanisms between pneumococci and viral pathogens and the clinical implications of this coinfection dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiseha Wadilo Wada
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia.
| | - Adey Feleke Desta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Gebre
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wude Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrayehu Seyoum
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Melaku
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Carter MJ, Shrestha S, O’Reilly P, Gurung P, Gurung M, Thorson S, Kandasamy R, Voysey M, O’Mahony E, Kelly S, Ansari I, Shah G, Amatya P, Tcherniaeva I, Berbers G, Murdoch DR, Pollard AJ, Shrestha S, Kelly DF. Evaluation of Acute and Convalescent Antibody Concentration Against Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides for the Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Infection in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:e67-e70. [PMID: 38758207 PMCID: PMC10789377 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the quantification of IgG to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides is an accurate diagnostic test for pneumococcal infection in children with pneumonia in Nepal. Children with pneumococcal pneumonia did not have higher convalescent, or higher fold change, IgG to pneumococcal polysaccharides than children with other causes of pneumonia. Caution is needed in interpreting antibody responses in pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Carter
- Paediatric Intensive Care, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonu Shrestha
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter O’Reilly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Meeru Gurung
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Stephen Thorson
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rama Kandasamy
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth O’Mahony
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Ansari
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ganesh Shah
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Puja Amatya
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Irina Tcherniaeva
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Guy Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - David R. Murdoch
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shrijana Shrestha
- Pediatric Research Group, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dominic F. Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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