|
1
|
Menéndez-Valladares P, Acevedo Aguilera R, Núñez-Jurado D, López Azcárate C, Domínguez Mayoral AM, Fernández-Vega A, Pérez-Sánchez S, Lamana Vallverdú M, García-Sánchez MI, Morales Bravo M, Busquier T, Montaner J. A Search for New Biological Pathways in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy by Proteomic Research. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3138. [PMID: 38892848 PMCID: PMC11172732 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary small vessel disease leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in genetic diagnosis, the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Proteomic studies offer insights into disease mechanisms by identifying altered protein expression patterns. Here, we conducted a proteomic analysis to elucidate molecular pathways associated with CADASIL. Methods: We enrolled genetically diagnosed CADASIL patients and healthy, genetically related controls. Plasma samples were subjected to proteomic analysis using the Olink platform, measuring 552 proteins across six panels. The data were analyzed from several approaches by using three different statistical methods: Exploratory Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), differential expression with moderated t-test, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In addition, bioinformatics analysis, including volcano plot, heatmap, and Variable Importance on Projection (VIP) scores from the PLS-DA model were drawn. Results: Significant differences in protein expression were observed between CADASIL patients and controls. RSPO1 and FGF-19 exhibited elevated levels (p < 0.05), while PPY showed downregulation (p < 0.05) in CADASIL patients, suggesting their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, MIC-A/B expression varied significantly between patients with mutations in exon 4 versus exon 11 of the NOTCH3 gene (p < 0.05), highlighting potential immunological mechanisms underlying CADASIL. We identified altered pathways using GSEA, applied after ranking the study data. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the proteomic profile of CADASIL, identifying dysregulated proteins associated with vascular pathology, metabolic dysregulation, and immune activation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of CADASIL pathophysiology and may inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to validate these biomarkers and elucidate their functional roles in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Menéndez-Valladares
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Commission of Neurochemistry and Neurological Diseases, Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Acevedo Aguilera
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - David Núñez-Jurado
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina López Azcárate
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana María Domínguez Mayoral
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Vega
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Marcel Lamana Vallverdú
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - María Morales Bravo
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Busquier
- Department of Radiology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Joan Montaner
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (P.M.-V.); (R.A.A.); (D.N.-J.); (C.L.A.); (S.P.-S.); (M.L.V.); (M.M.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Yuan L, Chen X, Jankovic J, Deng H. CADASIL: A NOTCH3-associated cerebral small vessel disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00001-8. [PMID: 38176524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), pathologically characterized by a non-atherosclerotic and non-amyloid diffuse angiopathy primarily involving small to medium-sized penetrating arteries and leptomeningeal arteries. In 1996, mutation in the notch receptor 3 gene (NOTCH3) was identified as the cause of CADASIL. However, since that time other genetic CSVDs have been described, including the HtrA serine peptidase 1 gene-associated CSVD and the cathepsin A gene-associated CSVD, that clinically mimic the original phenotype. Though NOTCH3-associated CSVD is now a well-recognized hereditary disorder and the number of studies investigating this disease is increasing, the role of NOTCH3 in the pathogenesis of CADASIL remains elusive. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to provide insights into the pathogenesis and the diagnosis of hereditary CSVDs, as well as personalized therapy, predictive approach, and targeted prevention. In this review, we summarize the current progress in CADASIL, including the clinical, neuroimaging, pathological, genetic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, as well as differential diagnosis, in which the role of NOTCH3 mutations is highlighted. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, CADASIL is revisited as a NOTCH3-associated CSVD along with other hereditary CSVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pathology, Changsha Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|