1
|
El-Tanani M, Nsairat H, Matalka II, Lee YF, Rizzo M, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Tambuwala MM. The impact of the BCR-ABL oncogene in the pathology and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155161. [PMID: 38280275 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is characterized by chromosomal aberrations involving the fusion of the BCR and ABL genes on chromosome 22, resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This fusion gives rise to the oncogenic BCR-ABL, an aberrant tyrosine kinase identified as Abl protein. The Abl protein intricately regulates the cell cycle by phosphorylating protein tyrosine residues through diverse signaling pathways. In CML, the BCR-ABL fusion protein disrupts the first exon of Abl, leading to sustained activation of tyrosine kinase and resistance to deactivation mechanisms. Pharmacological interventions, such as imatinib, effectively target BCR-ABL's tyrosine kinase activity by binding near the active site, disrupting ATP binding, and inhibiting downstream protein phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the emergence of resistance, often attributed to cap structure mutations, poses a challenge to imatinib efficacy. Current research endeavours are directed towards overcoming resistance and investigating innovative therapeutic strategies. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the structural attributes of BCR-ABL, emphasizing its pivotal role as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CML. It underscores the imperative for ongoing research to refine treatment modalities and enhance overall outcomes in managing CML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Genes, abl
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Ismail I Matalka
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Yin Fai Lee
- Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ganguly S, Sasi A, Pushpam D, Bakhshi S. Philadelphia Chromosome Positive and Philadelphia-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children and Adolescents: Current Management, Controversies and Emerging Concepts. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:37-46. [PMID: 37632689 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL) is an uncommon subtype of ALL in children, seen in 2-5% cases. Diagnostic evaluation includes conventional karyotyping and detection of BCR-ABL1 translocation by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For children, the frontline management includes combination of intensive chemotherapy along with imatinib (300-340 mg/m2/d) or dasatinib (60-80 mg/m2/d). Imatinib/dasatinib should be introduced in induction as soon as results for BCR-ABL are available. Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is essential; multi-parametric flowcytometry and immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor rearrangement PCR are the preferred methods. Intrathecal therapy with at least 12 doses of methotrexate is adequate for central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, but cranial radiation is necessary for CNS3 involvement. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission may be considered in high-risk cases (persistent MRD positivity/induction failure). Maintenance therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in children is debatable, with potential concerns for long term adverse effects. At relapse, the choice of TKI is guided by the presence of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain resistance mutations, although the frequency of resistance mutations in children are lower. Allogeneic HSCT is essential for consolidation in second remission, if not done. Ph-like ALL is a newly recognized molecular entity, with gene expression profile similar to Ph+ALL and poor survival outcomes. In resource-constrained settings, a stepwise cost-effective diagnostic evaluation should be considered among high-risk patients without recurrent genetic abnormalities. Current treatment strategies remain similar to Ph-negative ALL. Enrolment in clinical trials is encouraged for such children to evaluate potential targeted agents in this subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Archana Sasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deepam Pushpam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar A, Bhagat KK, Singh AK, Singh H, Angre T, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Medicinal chemistry perspective of pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6872-6908. [PMID: 36865574 PMCID: PMC9972360 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of deaths across the globe due to chemoresistance and lack of selective chemotherapy. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine is an emerging scaffold in medicinal chemistry having a broad spectrum of activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, CNS depressive, anticonvulsant, and antipyretic activities. In this study, we have covered different cancer targets, including tyrosine kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases - ABL kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, BCR-ABL, dihydrofolate reductase, cyclin-dependent kinase, phosphodiesterase, KRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptors, their signaling pathways, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of the above-mentioned targets. This review will represent the complete medicinal and pharmacological profile of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents, and will help scientists to design new selective, effective and safe anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Kuber Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unayzah 51911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 4700 Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Core Labs Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chong SL, Asnawi AWA, Leong TS, Tan JT, Law KB, Hon SL, Fann RJ, Tan SM. Impact of timely BCR-ABL1 monitoring before allogeneic stem cell transplantation among patients with BCR-ABL1-positive B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Res 2021; 56:175-183. [PMID: 34462403 PMCID: PMC8478615 DOI: 10.5045/br.2021.2021045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the incorporation of stringent measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring, risk stratification for BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients has changed significantly. However, whether this monitoring can replace conventional risk factors in determining whether patients need allogeneic stem cell transplantation is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the impact of BCR-ABL1 monitoring on the outcome of patients with BCR-ABL1-positive ALL after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the survival outcome of patients with BCR-ABL1-positive ALL based on the quantification of BCR-ABL1 at 3 timepoints the end of induction (timepoint 1), post-consolidation week 16 (timepoint 2), and the end of treatment for patients who were either transplant-eligible or non-transplant eligible (timepoint 3). Results From 2006 to 2018, a total of 96 patients newly diagnosed with BCR-ABL1-positive ALL were treated with chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thirty-eight (41.3%) patients achieved complete remission, and 33 patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Our data showed that pre-transplant MRD monitoring by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction had the highest correlation with survival in patients with BCR-ABL1-positive ALL, especially for those who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Conclusion Patients without MRD pre-transplantation had superior survival compared with those who had MRD, and they had excellent long-term outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Lian Chong
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Asral Wirda Ahmad Asnawi
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Tze Shin Leong
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Jenq Tzong Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Taiping, Taiping, Malaysia
| | - Kian Boon Law
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Siong Leng Hon
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Rui Jeat Fann
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Sen Mui Tan
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gou X, Xu L, Yang S, Cheng X, Wu H, Zhang D, Shi W, Ding S, Zhang Y, Cheng W. One-Pot Identification of BCR/ABL p210 Transcript Isoforms Based on Nanocluster Beacon. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2928-2937. [PMID: 34324312 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The BCR/ABLp210 fusion gene is a classic biomarker of chronic myeloid leukemia, which can be divided into e13a2 and e14a2 isoforms according to different breakpoints. These two isoforms showed distinct differences in clinical manifestation, treatment effect, and prognosis risk. Herein, a strategy based on nanocluster beacon (NCB) fluorescence was developed to identify the e13a2 and e14a2 isoforms in one-pot. Because the fluorescence of AgNCs can be activated when they are placed in proximity to the corresponding enhancer sequences, thymine-rich (T-rich) or guanine-rich (G-rich). In this work, we explored an ideal DNA-AgNCs template as an excellent molecular reporter with a high signal-to-noise ratio. After recognition with the corresponding isoforms, the AgNCs can be pulled closer to the T-rich or G-rich sequences to form a three-way junction structure and generate fluorescence with corresponding wavelengths. Therefore, by distinguishing the corresponding wavelengths of AgNCs, we successfully identified two isoforms in one tube with the limitation of 16 pM for e13a2 and 9 pM for e14a2. Moreover, this strategy also realized isoform identification in leukemia cells and newly diagnosed CML patients within 40 min, which provides a powerful tool to distinguish fusion gene subtypes at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Gou
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Suqing Yang
- Chongqing Testing & Lnspection Center for Medical Devices, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Decai Zhang
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weicheng Shi
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taniue K, Akimitsu N. Fusion Genes and RNAs in Cancer Development. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33557176 PMCID: PMC7931065 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusion RNAs are a hallmark of some cancers. They result either from chromosomal rearrangements or from splicing mechanisms that are non-chromosomal rearrangements. Chromosomal rearrangements that result in gene fusions are particularly prevalent in sarcomas and hematopoietic malignancies; they are also common in solid tumors. The splicing process can also give rise to more complex RNA patterns in cells. Gene fusions frequently affect tyrosine kinases, chromatin regulators, or transcription factors, and can cause constitutive activation, enhancement of downstream signaling, and tumor development, as major drivers of oncogenesis. In addition, some fusion RNAs have been shown to function as noncoding RNAs and to affect cancer progression. Fusion genes and RNAs will therefore become increasingly important as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer development. Here, we discuss the function, biogenesis, detection, clinical relevance, and therapeutic implications of oncogenic fusion genes and RNAs in cancer development. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate how fusion RNAs form in cancers is critical to the development of therapeutic strategies against tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzui Taniue
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Akimitsu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Findakly D, Arslan W. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Presenting With Isolated Thrombocytosis: A Systematic Review and a Case From Our Institution. Cureus 2020; 12:e8788. [PMID: 32596094 PMCID: PMC7314366 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents a common condition in the spectrum of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). It classically exhibits leukocytosis, but rarely presents with isolated thrombocytosis. This paper is designed to review the clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CML who present with isolated thrombocytosis. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE®, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for English-language articles about case series and case reports for the period 2000-2020 with the terms "chronic myeloid leukemia" and "thrombocytosis" and pooled them with a case from our institution. Cases were also incorporated from the reference list and screened for inclusion. A total of 20 cases were included in the final cohort. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.86. The mean age of the patients at the time of initial diagnosis was 40.5 years (range: 9-77 years). Out of 17 cases with available data, seven (41%) were asymptomatic and found to have thrombocytosis incidentally upon routine blood work. Five cases (29.4%) either had a history of thrombotic events or presented with severe thrombotic complications, including ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), myocardial infarction (MI), pulmonary embolism (PE), and/or miscarriages. Four cases (23.5%) had more than one symptom at presentation, including headache, syncope, and bruising. The average platelet count was 1,923 × 109/L (range: 584-8,688 × 109/L), and one case (5%) had anemia. The bone marrow (BM) examination showed normal cellularity and normal myeloid to erythroid (M/E) ratio in seven (50%) and 11 (84.6%) out of the 14 and 13 cases with reported data, respectively. Moreover, megakaryocytes in the BM were small in 10 cases (71.4%), pleomorphic in three cases (21.4%), and dysplastic in one case (7.1%). Accurate differentiation among MPD subtypes and the exclusion of CML is critical in reaching a proper diagnosis to decide on proper therapy and eventually modify outcomes. Prompt evaluation for the precise diagnosis of patients presenting with isolated marked thrombocytosis will help expedite their diagnosis and initiation of a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, thereby promptly inducing remission, preventing thrombotic complications, and avoiding adverse drug events, which would eventually improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Findakly
- Internal Medicine, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance/Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, USA
| | - Waqas Arslan
- Hematology and Oncology, Creighton University Arizona Health Education Alliance/Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, USA
- Hematology and Oncology, Creighton University Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
YİĞENOĞLU TN, BAHSİ T, ERDEM H, DUZKALE N, UNCU ULU B, İSKENDER D, KIZIL ÇAKIR M, DAL S, ALTUNTAŞ F. P210 breakpoint is associated with less minimal residual disease compared to p190 breakpoint in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with Philadelphia chromosome. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.735979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
9
|
Chen SH, Hsieh YY, Tzeng HE, Lin CY, Hsu KW, Chiang YS, Lin SM, Su MJ, Hsieh WS, Lee CH. ABL Genomic Editing Sufficiently Abolishes Oncogenesis of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1399. [PMID: 32485885 PMCID: PMC7352505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults, and more than 90% of CML patients harbor the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) that encodes the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. Although the ABL kinase inhibitor (imatinib) has proven to be very effective in achieving high remission rates and improving prognosis, up to 33% of CML patients still cannot achieve an optimal response. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to specifically target the BCR-ABL junction region in K562 cells, resulting in the inhibition of cancer cell growth and oncogenesis. Due to the variety of BCR-ABL junctions in CML patients, we utilized gene editing of the human ABL gene for clinical applications. Using the ABL gene-edited virus in K562 cells, we detected 41.2% indels in ABL sgRNA_2-infected cells. The ABL-edited cells reveled significant suppression of BCR-ABL protein expression and downstream signals, inhibiting cell growth and increasing cell apoptosis. Next, we introduced the ABL gene-edited virus into a systemic K562 leukemia xenograft mouse model, and bioluminescence imaging of the mice showed a significant reduction in the leukemia cell population in ABL-targeted mice, compared to the scramble sgRNA virus-injected mice. In CML cells from clinical samples, infection with the ABL gene-edited virus resulted in more than 30.9% indels and significant cancer cell death. Notably, no off-target effects or bone marrow cell suppression was found using the ABL gene-edited virus, ensuring both user safety and treatment efficacy. This study demonstrated the critical role of the ABL gene in maintaining CML cell survival and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. ABL gene editing-based therapy might provide a potential strategy for imatinib-insensitive or resistant CML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huey Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Huey-En Tzeng
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan;
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shan Chiang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Su-Mei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jang Su
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shyang Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
ABL Genomic Editing Sufficiently Abolishes Oncogenesis of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32485885 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061399.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults, and more than 90% of CML patients harbor the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) that encodes the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. Although the ABL kinase inhibitor (imatinib) has proven to be very effective in achieving high remission rates and improving prognosis, up to 33% of CML patients still cannot achieve an optimal response. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to specifically target the BCR-ABL junction region in K562 cells, resulting in the inhibition of cancer cell growth and oncogenesis. Due to the variety of BCR-ABL junctions in CML patients, we utilized gene editing of the human ABL gene for clinical applications. Using the ABL gene-edited virus in K562 cells, we detected 41.2% indels in ABL sgRNA_2-infected cells. The ABL-edited cells reveled significant suppression of BCR-ABL protein expression and downstream signals, inhibiting cell growth and increasing cell apoptosis. Next, we introduced the ABL gene-edited virus into a systemic K562 leukemia xenograft mouse model, and bioluminescence imaging of the mice showed a significant reduction in the leukemia cell population in ABL-targeted mice, compared to the scramble sgRNA virus-injected mice. In CML cells from clinical samples, infection with the ABL gene-edited virus resulted in more than 30.9% indels and significant cancer cell death. Notably, no off-target effects or bone marrow cell suppression was found using the ABL gene-edited virus, ensuring both user safety and treatment efficacy. This study demonstrated the critical role of the ABL gene in maintaining CML cell survival and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. ABL gene editing-based therapy might provide a potential strategy for imatinib-insensitive or resistant CML patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu H, Li X, Li H. Gene fusions and chimeric RNAs, and their implications in cancer. Genes Dis 2019; 6:385-390. [PMID: 31832518 PMCID: PMC6889028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions are appreciated as ideal cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Chimeric RNAs are traditionally thought to be products of gene fusions, and thus, also cancer-specific. Recent research has demonstrated that chimeric RNAs can be generated by intergenic splicing in the absence of gene fusion, and such chimeric RNAs are also found in normal physiology. These new findings challenge the traditional theory of chimeric RNAs exclusivity to cancer, and complicates use of chimeric RNAs in cancer detection. Here, we provide an overview of gene fusions and chimeric RNAs, and emphasize their differences. We note that gene fusions are able to generate chimeric RNAs in accordance with the central dogma of biology, and that chimeric RNAs may also be able to influence the generation of the gene fusions per the “horse before the cart” hypothesis. We further expand upon the “horse before the cart” hypothesis, summarizing current evidence in support of the theory and exploring its potential impact on the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. Fax: +1 434 2437244. http://lilab.medicine.virginia.edu
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
One-step discrimination of BCR/ABLp210 transcript isoforms directly from RNA extraction with fusion-triggered rolling circle amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1067:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
An Unsuspected Finding of t(9;22): A Rare Case of Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma. Case Rep Hematol 2017; 2017:2413587. [PMID: 29075538 PMCID: PMC5624137 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2413587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While rare, cases of isolated extramedullary disease of B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (B-LBL) without morphologic bone marrow involvement have been described. In this report, we illustrate the case of an elderly gentleman who presented with isolated testicular and vertebral LBL involvement but had no morphologic bone marrow involvement. The initial plan of treatment was to treat along the lines of Philadelphia negative B-ALL/LBL. During this time, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and PCR testing for BCR-ABL1 rearrangements were being performed on the marrow specimens as a part of routine diagnostic workup. While the FISH returned negative, PCR testing unexpectedly detected BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts at a low level of 0.48%. Given their presence, we performed FISH for BCR/ABL1 rearrangement in both testicular and L5 vertebral specimens which were 80–90% positive. He subsequently received rituximab, hyper-CVAD, and dasatinib, along with prophylactic intrathecal prophylactic chemotherapy. The patient achieved a prolonged remission but eventually relapsed, 4 years later. Had it not been for this fortuitous discovery, the patient would not have been treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We emphasize that FISH and PCR testing for BCR-ABL1 rearrangement are integral to arriving at an accurate diagnosis and should be routinely tested on B-LBL biopsy specimens.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hussaini M. Biomarkers in Hematological Malignancies: A Review of Molecular Testing in Hematopathology. Cancer Control 2016; 22:158-66. [PMID: 26068760 DOI: 10.1177/107327481502200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular interrogation of genetic information has transformed our understanding of disease and is now routinely integrated into the workup and monitoring of hematological malignancies. In this article, a brief but comprehensive review is presented of state-of-the-art testing in hematological disease. METHODS The primary medical literature and standard textbooks in the field were queried and reviewed to assess current practices and trends for molecular testing in hematopathology by disease. RESULTS Pertinent materials were summarized under appropriate disease categories. CONCLUSION Molecular testing is well entrenched in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for hematological malignancies, with rapid growth and insights emerging following the integration of next-generation sequencing into the clinical workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hussaini
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lund HL, Hughesman CB, McNeil K, Clemens S, Hocken K, Pettersson R, Karsan A, Foster LJ, Haynes C. Initial diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia based on quantification of M-BCR status using droplet digital PCR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1079-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
16
|
Mainor CB, Duffy AP, Atkins KL, Kimball AS, Baer MR. Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pregnancy. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2015; 22:374-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155214568582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BCR-ABL inhibitors administered in conjunction with chemotherapy have significantly improved outcomes in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia but, for patients diagnosed during pregnancy, data on risks to the fetus are limited. We report a woman treated with chemotherapy and imatinib mesylate who delivered a healthy baby at 30 weeks, and we discuss available data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace B Mainor
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alison P Duffy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kristin L Atkins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Amy S Kimball
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Maria R Baer
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saneyoshi H, Shimada N, Maruyama A, Ito Y, Abe H. Polycation-assisted DNA detection by reduction triggered fluorescence amplification probe. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6851-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Evolution of High-Affinity Peptide Probes to Detect the SH3 Domain of Cancer Biomarker BCR–ABL. Int J Pept Res Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-013-9382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
19
|
Cetin Z, Yakut S, Karadogan I, Kupesiz A, Timuragaoglu A, Salim O, Tezcan G, Alanoglu G, Ozbalci D, Hazar V, Yesilipek MA, Undar L, Luleci G, Berker S. Aberrations of chromosomes 9 and 22 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases detected by ES-fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:318-23. [PMID: 22360868 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 creates oncogenic BCR/ABL fusion in the breakpoint region of the derivative chromosome 22. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of atypical fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signal patterns in pediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. We evaluated t(9;22) translocation in 208 cases with ALL (294 tests), including 139 childhood and 69 adult cases by FISH technique using BCR/ABL extra signal (ES) probe. FISH signal patterns observed in pediatric ALL cases were as follows; Major-BCR/ABL (M-BCR/ABL) (1.4%), minor-BCR/ABL (m-BCR/ABL) (3.6%), trisomy 9 (4.3%), trisomy 22 (4.3%), trisomy or tetrasomy of both chromosomes 9 and 22 (2.9%), monosomy 9 (1.4%), monosomy 22 (0.7%), ABL gene amplification (1.4%), derivative chromosome 9 deletion (1.4%), and extra copies of the Philadelphia chromosome (1.4%). FISH signal patterns observed in adult ALL cases were as follows; M-BCR/ABL (5.8%), m-BCR/ABL (11.6%), two different cell clones with major and minor BCR/ABL signal pattern (2.9%), extra copies of Philadelphia chromosome (4.3%), derivative chromosome 9 deletion (1.4%), trisomy 9 (2.9%), tetraploidy (1.4%), monosomy 9 (1.4%), trisomy 22 (1.4%), and coexistence of both trisomy 22 and monosomy 9 (1.4%). Trisomy 9, trisomy 22, and polyploidy of chromosomes 9 and 22 were specific atypical FISH signal patterns for childhood B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients. However, monosomy 9 and ABL gene amplification were highly specific for childhood T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. Our report presents the correlation between atypical FISH signal patterns and clinical findings of a large group of ALL cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Cetin
- Department of Medical Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jobbagy Z, van Atta R, Murphy KM, Eshleman JR, Gocke CD. Evaluation of the Cepheid GeneXpert BCR-ABL assay. J Mol Diagn 2007; 9:220-7. [PMID: 17384214 PMCID: PMC1867453 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia harbor the chromosomal translocation t(9;22), which corresponds to fusion of the BCR and ABL genes at the DNA level. The translated fusion product is an oncogenic protein with increased ABL tyrosine kinase activity causing cell transformation. To date, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is considered the most sensitive method available for detecting low copy numbers of the BCR-ABL gene fusion. Recently, Cepheid introduced its GeneXpert-based assay for the identification of the BCR-ABL gene fusion in cells from blood samples. This system comprises a walk-away self-contained instrument that combines cartridge-based microfluidic sample preparation with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based fluorescent signal detection and BCR-ABL and ABL Ct (threshold cycle) determination. The difference between the BCR-ABL Ct and ABL Ct (DeltaCt) is expected to represent the ratio of the two populations of mRNAs and ultimately the percentage of neoplastic cells present. We tested whether this BCR-ABL fusion detection system could be used as a clinical diagnostic tool for monitoring patients with minimal residual disease of chronic myelogenous leukemia. We report similar performance characteristics, including limit of detection, specificity, sensitivity, and precision, of this automated BCR-ABL fusion detection system to those of a manual TaqMan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Jobbagy
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe St., Park SB 202, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chun SM, Kim YL, Choi HB, Oh YT, Kim YJ, Lee S, Kim TG, Yang EG, Park YK, Kim DW, Han BD. Identification of leukemia-specific fusion gene transcripts with a novel oligonucleotide array. Mol Diagn Ther 2007; 11:21-8. [PMID: 17286448 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of specific chromosomal translocations is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia. In this study, we employ DNA microarray technology to detect chromosomal aberrations in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as in leukemic cell lines. METHODS Reverse transcription using a random 9-mer primer was performed with total RNA from patients and leukemic cells lines. Multiplex PCR reactions using four groups of primer sets were then performed for amplification of cDNA from reverse-transcribed total RNA samples. Normal and fusion sequences were distinguished by hybridization of the amplified cDNA to a selective oligonucleotide array (SOA) containing 20-30mer synthetic probes. A total of 23 sets of oligomers were fabricated on glass slides for the detection of normal and fusion genes, as follows: BCR/ABL, AML/EAP, AML/ETO, AML/MDS, PML/RARA, NUMA1/RARA, PLZF/RARA, and CBFB/MYH. RESULTS Gene translocation in leukemia was effectively identified with the SOA containing various leukemia-specific fusion and normal control sequences. Leukemic fusion sequences from patients and cell lines hybridized specifically to their complementary probes. The probe sets differing by approximately 50% at their 5' or 3' ends could distinguish between normal and fusion sequences. The entire process of detection was completed within 8 hours using the SOA method. CONCLUSIONS Probe sets on SOA can effectively discriminate between leukemia-specific fusion and normal sequences with a chip hybridization procedure. The oligonucleotide array presents several advantages in identifying leukemic gene translocations, such as multiplex screening, relatively low cost, and speed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- DNA, Complementary
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics
- Gene Fusion
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Chun
- Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kalogianni DP, Bravou V, Christopoulos TK, Ioannou PC, Zoumbos NC. Dry-reagent disposable dipstick test for visual screening of seven leukemia-related chromosomal translocations. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:e23. [PMID: 17251199 PMCID: PMC1851627 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first dry-reagent, disposable, dipstick test for molecular screening of seven chromosomal translocations associated with acute and chronic leukemia. The dipstick assay offers about 10 times higher detectability than agarose gel electrophoresis and, contrary to electrophoresis, allows confirmation of the sequence of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product by hybridization within a few minutes without the need of instrumentation. Biotinylated amplified DNA is hybridized with a dA-tailed probe and applied to the strip, which contains oligo(dT)-conjugated gold nanoparticles in dry form. Upon immersion of the strip in the appropriate buffer, the solution migrates and the hybrids are captured by immobilized streptavidin at the test zone generating a characteristic red line. The excess nanoparticles are captured by oligo(dA) strands immobilized at the control zone of the strip producing a second red line. We studied the: t(9;22)(q34;q11), t(15;17)(q22;q21), t(11;17)(q23;q21), t(5;17)(q32;q21), t(11;17)(q13;q21), t(8,21)(q22;q22) and inv(16)(p13;q22) that generate the BCR-ABL, PML-RARa, PLZF-RARa, NPM-RARa, NuMA-RARa, AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MYH11 fusion genes, respectively. A single K562 cell was detectable amidst 106 normal leukocytes. A dipstick test was developed for actin, as a reference gene. The dipstick assay with appropriate probes can be used for identification of the fusion transcripts involved in the translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despina P. Kalogianni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece, Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece 26500, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26504, Greece and Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece, Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece 26500, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26504, Greece and Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Theodore K. Christopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece, Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece 26500, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26504, Greece and Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +30 2610 996022; Fax: +30 2610 997118; E-mail:
| | - Penelope C. Ioannou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece, Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece 26500, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26504, Greece and Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Nicholas C. Zoumbos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece, Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece 26500, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26504, Greece and Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rissanen M, Helo P, Väänänen RM, Wahlroos V, Lilja H, Nurmi M, Pettersson K, Nurmi J. Novel homogenous time-resolved fluorometric RT-PCR assays for quantification of PSA and hK2 mRNAs in blood. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:111-8. [PMID: 17126312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to design, validate, and optimize internally standardized real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays and to identify and avoid problems with assay reliability and examine the impact of an exogenous internal standard. DESIGN AND METHODS The model system consisted of internally standardized quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays specific for PSA and hK2 mRNA based on time-resolved fluorometric detection of lanthanide chelates. RESULTS Reproducibility was best when large copy numbers (>5000 per milliliter blood) were analyzed. Addition of an exogenous target-mimicking internal standard had no significant effect on the reproducibility of the method, but increased the calculated copy numbers by an average of 2-fold. CONCLUSIONS We developed an internally standardized, specific and reproducible real-time RT-PCR analysis method for PSA and hK2 mRNA in circulating cells in the bloodstream. Both PSA and hK2 assays are sufficiently sensitive to detect two LNCaP cells per milliliter whole blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rissanen
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bustin SA, Mueller R. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and its potential use in clinical diagnosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2005; 109:365-79. [PMID: 16171460 DOI: 10.1042/cs20050086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
qRT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription-PCR) has become the benchmark for the detection and quantification of RNA targets and is being utilized increasingly in novel clinical diagnostic assays. Quantitative results obtained by this technology are not only more informative than qualitative data, but simplify assay standardization and quality management. qRT-PCR assays are most established for the detection of viral load and therapy monitoring, and the development of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-associated coronavirus qRT-PCR assays provide a textbook example of the value of this technology for clinical diagnostics. The widespread use of qRT-PCR assays for diagnosis and the detection of disease-specific prognostic markers in leukaemia patients provide further examples of their usefulness. Their value for the detection of disease-associated mRNA expressed by circulating tumour cells in patients with solid malignancies is far less apparent, and the clinical significance of results obtained from such tests remains unclear. This is because of conceptual reservations as well as technical limitations that can interfere with the diagnostic specificity of qRT-PCR assays. Therefore, although it is evident that qRT-PCR assay has become a useful and important technology in the clinical diagnostic laboratory, it must be used appropriately and it is essential to be aware of its limitations if it is to fulfil its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Bustin
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London E1 1BB, U.K.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Garcia EP, Dowding LA, Stanton LW, Slepnev VI. Scalable transcriptional analysis routine--multiplexed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction platform for gene expression analysis and molecular diagnostics. J Mol Diagn 2005; 7:444-54. [PMID: 16237214 PMCID: PMC1888488 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of a new technology for simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple targets in a single sample. Scalable transcriptional analysis routine (STAR) represents a novel integration of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis that allows detection of dozens of gene transcripts in a multiplexed format using amplicon size as an identifier for each target. STAR demonstrated similar or better sensitivity and precision compared to two commonly used methods, SYBR Green-based and TaqMan probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. STAR can be used as a flexible platform for building a variety of applications to monitor gene expression, from single gene assays to assays analyzing the expression level of multiple genes. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus as a model system, STAR technology detected single copies of the viral genome in a two-gene multiplex. Blinded studies using RNA extracted from various tissues of a SARS-infected individual showed that STAR correctly identified all samples containing SARS virus and yielded negative results for non-SARS control samples. Using alternate priming strategies, STAR technology can be adapted to transcriptional profiling studies without requiring a priori sequence information. Thus, STAR technology offers a flexible platform for development of highly multiplexed assays in gene expression analysis and molecular diagnostics.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gutiérrez MI, Timson G, Siraj AK, Bu R, Barbhaya S, Banavali S, Bhatia K. Single monochrome real-time RT-PCR assay for identification, quantification, and breakpoint cluster region determination of t(9;22) transcripts. J Mol Diagn 2005; 7:40-7. [PMID: 15681473 PMCID: PMC1867499 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
t(9;22) generates the BCR-ABL fusion gene, the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but also found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Multiple chimeric transcripts translate to proteins of 190 or 210 kd and, rarely, 230 kd. CML typically carries p210 BCR-ABL while ALL is most often associated with p190. Detection and quantification of these fusion transcripts is useful in clinical management. We have exploited the unique melting profiles of these transcripts to design a new, simple, and cost-effective assay based on monochrome multiplex real-time RT-PCR for identification and quantification of each of these transcripts (b3-a2, b2-a2, and e1-a2) without further manipulation. The sensitivity of this assay was 10(-4) for e1-a2 and 10(-5) for b3-a2/b2-a2, which is appropriate for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Inter- and intra-assay variation was minimal. We applied this assay to assess the distribution of p190 and p210 in 260 childhood ALL samples from India. BCR-ABL was detected in 19 (7.3%), including one T-ALL. Eight patients (3.1%) demonstrated mBCR-ABL (p190) and 11 (4.2%) had MBCR-ABL (p210). Transcript levels varied markedly (up to 3000-fold) but e1-a2 were generally expressed at higher levels than b3/b2-a2 (P = 0.05). This simple real-time multiplex assay can thus be easily applied to monitor patients with ALL as well as CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina I Gutiérrez
- King Fahad National Centre for Children's Cancer and Research, PO Box 3354, MBC # 98-16, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wagner K, Kautz A, Röder M, Schwalbe M, Pachmann K, Clement JH, Schnabelrauch M. Synthesis of oligonucleotide-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and study on theirin vitrocell uptake. Appl Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Chou YK, Burrows GG, LaTocha D, Wang C, Subramanian S, Bourdette DN, Vandenbark AA. CD4 T-cell epitopes of human alpha B-crystallin. J Neurosci Res 2004; 75:516-23. [PMID: 14743435 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Of potential importance to multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendroglial alpha B-crystallin is expressed and associated with the myelin sheath at the earliest stage of MS lesion development. We selected T-cell lines specific for human alpha B-crystallin from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HLA-DR2 homozygous MS patients and found that the alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cells were CD4+ and restricted by DRB1*1501, and expressed Th1 cytokines. The CD4 T-cell epitopes of human alpha B-crystallin were determined by proliferation of alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cell lines to 17 20-mer synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the entire molecule of human alpha B-crystallin. It was found that the HLA-DR2 donor-derived alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cell lines proliferated to alpha B-crystallin peptides 21-40, 41-60, and to a lesser extent, 131-150. These T-cell proliferation responses were associated with intracellular expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The amino acid sequences of these peptides were compatible with predicted HLA-DR2-restricted binding motifs. PBMC of an early active MS patient proliferated to the epitope-containing peptides significantly better than did those of later stage MS patients or healthy controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that autoreactive alpha B-crystallin-specific Th1 cells may have the potential to contribute to MS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan K Chou
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|