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Nikolaos P, Vasilios L, Efstratios K, Panagiotis A, Christos P, Nikolaos B, Antonios H, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis P, Zarogoulidis K, Katsikogiannis N, Kougioumtzi I, Machairiotis N, Tsiouda T, Machairiotis N, Madesis A, Vretzakis G, Kolettas A, Dimitrios D. Therapeutic modalities for Pancoast tumors. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 Suppl 1:S180-93. [PMID: 24672693 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A Pancoast tumor, also called a pulmonary sulcus tumor or superior sulcus tumor, is a tumor of the pulmonary apex. It is a type of lung cancer defined primarily by its location situated at the top end of either the right or left lung. It typically spreads to nearby tissues such as the ribs and vertebrae. Most Pancoast tumors are non-small cell cancers. The growing tumor can cause compression of a brachiocephalic vein, subclavian artery, phrenic nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, vagus nerve, or, characteristically, compression of a sympathetic ganglion resulting in a range of symptoms known as Horner's syndrome. Pancoast tumors are named for Henry Pancoast, a US radiologist, who described them in 1924 and 1932.The treatment of a Pancoast lung cancer may differ from that of other types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its position and close proximity to vital structures may make surgery difficult. As a result, and depending on the stage of the cancer, treatment may involve radiation and chemotherapy given prior to surgery. Surgery may consist of the removal of the upper lobe of a lung together with its associated structures as well as mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Surgical access may be via thoracotomy from the back or the front of the chest and modification. Careful patient selection, improvements in imaging such as the role of PET-CT in restaging of tumors, radiotherapy and surgical advances, the management of previously inoperable lesions by a combined experienced thoracic-neurosurgical team and prompt recognition and therapy of postoperative complications has greatly increased local control and overall survival for patients with these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagopoulos Nikolaos
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Livaditis Vasilios
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Koletsis Efstratios
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Alexopoulos Panagiotis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Prokakis Christos
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Baltayiannis Nikolaos
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Hatzimichalis Antonios
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsikogiannis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kougioumtzi
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Athanasios Madesis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Georgios Vretzakis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kolettas
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Dougenis Dimitrios
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece ; 3 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 4 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 6 Internal Medicine Department, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 7 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 8 Anesthesiology Department, University of Larisa, Larisa, Greece ; 9 Anesthesiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
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