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Mostufa S, Rezaei B, Yari P, Xu K, Gómez-Pastora J, Sun J, Shi Z, Wu K. Giant Magnetoresistance Based Biosensors for Cancer Screening and Detection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4042-4059. [PMID: 37725557 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Early-stage screening of cancer is critical in preventing its development and therefore can improve the prognosis of the disease. One accurate and effective method of cancer screening is using high sensitivity biosensors to detect optically, chemically, or magnetically labeled cancer biomarkers. Among a wide range of biosensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based devices offer high sensitivity, low background noise, robustness, and low cost. With state-of-the-art micro- and nanofabrication techniques, tens to hundreds of independently working GMR biosensors can be integrated into fingernail-sized chips for the simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers (i.e., multiplexed assay). Meanwhile, the miniaturization of GMR chips makes them able to be integrated into point-of-care (POC) devices. In this review, we first introduce three types of GMR biosensors in terms of their structures and physics, followed by a discussion on fabrication techniques for those sensors. In order to achieve target cancer biomarker detection, the GMR biosensor surface needs to be subjected to biological decoration. Thus, commonly used methods for surface functionalization are also reviewed. The robustness of GMR-based biosensors in cancer detection has been demonstrated by multiple research groups worldwide and we review some representative examples. At the end of this review, the challenges and future development prospects of GMR biosensor platforms are commented on. With all their benefits and opportunities, it can be foreseen that GMR biosensor platforms will transition from a promising candidate to a robust product for cancer screening in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kanglin Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jiajia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Zongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Xia T, Liu Y, Bi Z, Guo L, Xie W, Xiang Y, Xu Z, Yu Z, Li Y, Bai L. Diagnostic value of tumor-associated autoantibodies panel in combination with traditional tumor markers for lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1022331. [PMID: 36874112 PMCID: PMC9975551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1022331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diagnostic value of 7 tumor-associated autoantibodies (AABs) including p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, MEGEA1, and CAGE for the detection of lung cancer has shown inconsistency in several studies. This study aimed to confirm the diagnostic value of 7AABs and to explore whether the diagnostic value would be improved by combining them with 7 traditional tumor-associated antigens (CEA, NSE, CA125, SCC, CA15-3, pro-GRP, and CYFRA21-1) in clinical settings. Methods The plasma levels of 7-AABs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 533 lung cancer cases and 454 controls. The 7 tumor antigens (7-TAs) were measured by Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Cobas 6000 (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Results The positive rate of 7-AABs in the lung cancer group (64.00%) was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (47.90%). The 7-AABs panel was able to discriminate lung cancer from controls with a specificity of 51.50%. After combining the 7-AABs with 7-TAs, the sensitivity showed a significantly enhancement compared with 7AABs panel alone (92.09% vs 63.21%). In patients with resectable lung cancer, the combination of 7-AABs and 7-TAs improved the sensitivity from 63.52% to 97.42. Discussion In conclusion, our study found that the diagnostic value of 7-AABs was enhanced when combined with 7-TAs. This combined panel could be used as promising biomarker to detect resectable lung cancer in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhoukui Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zubin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North-Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Assessment of background levels of autoantibodies as a prognostic marker for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Circ Biomark 2022; 11:24-27. [PMID: 35517714 PMCID: PMC9069225 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2022.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with more severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit activation of immunological cascades. Participants (current or ex-smokers with at least 20 years pack history) in a trial (Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer, Scotland [ECLS]) of autoantibody detection to predict lung cancer risk had seven autoantibodies measured 5 years before the pandemic. This study compared the response to Covid infection in study participants who tested positive and negative to antibodies to tumour-associated antigens: p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, HuD, MAGE A4 and SOX2. Methods: Autoantibody data from the ECLS study was deterministically linked to the EAVE II database, a national, real-time prospective cohort using Scotland’s health data infrastructure, to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, patterns of healthcare use and outcomes. The strength of associations was explored using a network algorithm for exact contingency table significance testing by permutation. Results: There were no significant differences discerned between SARS-CoV-2 test results and EarlyCDT-Lung test results (p = 0.734). An additional analysis of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions detected no significant differences between those who tested positive and negative. Subgroup analyses showed no difference in COVID-19 positivity or death rates amongst those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with positive and negative EarlyCDT results. Conclusions: This hypothesis-generating study demonstrated no clinically valuable or statistically significant associations between EarlyCDT positivity in 2013-15 and the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in 2020, ICU admission or death in all participants (current or ex-smokers with at least 20 years pack history) or in those with COPD or lung cancer.
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Chu LY, Peng YH, Weng XF, Xie JJ, Xu YW. Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1708-1725. [PMID: 32351288 PMCID: PMC7183865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide, especially in China. Due to the lack of effective early detection methods, ESCC patients often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. At present, early detection of ESCC mainly depends on invasive and expensive endoscopy and histopathological biopsy. Therefore, there is an unmet need for a non-invasive method to detect ESCC in the early stages. With the emergence of a large class of non-invasive diagnostic tools, serum tumor markers have attracted much attention because of their potential for detection of early tumors. Therefore, the identification of serum tumor markers for early detection of ESCC is undoubtedly one of the most effective ways to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC. This article reviews the recent advances in the discovery of blood-based ESCC biomarkers, and discusses the origins, clinical applications, and technical challenges of clinical validation of various types of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Fen Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Xu YW, Peng YH, Xu LY, Xie JJ, Li EM. Autoantibodies: Potential clinical applications in early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5049-5068. [PMID: 31558856 PMCID: PMC6747294 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i34.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) are the two main types of gastrointestinal cancers that pose a huge threat to human health. ESCC remains one of the most common malignant diseases around the world. In contrast to the decreasing prevalence of ESCC, the incidence of EGJA is rising rapidly. Early detection represents one of the most promising ways to improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality of these cancers. Current approaches for early diagnosis mainly depend on invasive and costly endoscopy. Non-invasive biomarkers are in great need to facilitate earlier detection for better clinical management of patients. Tumor-associated autoantibodies can be detected at an early stage before manifestations of clinical signs of tumorigenesis, making them promising biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of ESCC and EGJA. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the iden-tification and validation of tumor-associated autoantibodies for the early detection of ESCC and EGJA and discuss the challenges remaining for clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Barta I, Kullmann T, Csiszer E, Antus B. Analysis of Cytokine Pattern in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460081002500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a promising method for investigating airway pathology. In this study we compared the cytokine pattern of EBC of patients suffering from squamous cell lung carcinoma with that of healthy smokers. Breath condensates collected from 8 smoking lung cancer patients before receiving any anticancer treatment and 8 smokers without any clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary tumors were used for antibody microarray analysis testing 120 cytokines simultaneously. Ninety-eight cytokines on the array gave a detectable signal in both groups. Cytokine levels were similar across the samples, and none of the cytokines exhibited a significant increase or decrease in cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects with similar smoking status, lung function, and airway inflammation. The results of this pilot study suggest that patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma cannot be distinguished from smokers with no pulmonary tumors based on EBC cytokine signals only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Barta
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest
| | - Tamas Kullmann
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest
| | - Eszter Csiszer
- Department of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest - Hungary
| | - Balazs Antus
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest
- Department of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest - Hungary
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Li X, Li H, Hu Q, Lin J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li J, Chen T, Zhang Q, Qiu Y. Detection of epitopes in systemic lupus erythematosus using peptide microarray. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532871 PMCID: PMC5928640 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease, which features the secretion of antibodies directed against autoantigens in vivo. In the present study, a peptide microarray was developed to detect the epitopes recognized by autoantibodies in patients with SLE for an effective method of diagnosis. SLE-associated epitopes in 14 autoantigens were predicted using the antigenic epitope prediction software DNA star. Peptides were synthesized based on the predicted antigenic epitopes and immobilized on a slide surface and developed into a peptide microarray. Using this peptide microarray the autoantibodies in 120 patients with SLE and 110 healthy subjects were detected. A total of 73 potential antigenic epitopes in 14 autoantigens were predicted and screened. The peptide microarray based on the 73 epitopes was used to detect the autoantibodies in patients with SLE. A total of 14 epitopes with potential diagnostic values were screened out. The sensitivity and specificity of the 14 epitopes for the diagnosis of SLE were 71.6 and 85.8%, respectively. An optimal set of epitopes for SLE diagnosis was obtained. As individual patients had a specific autoantibody spectrum it was possible to detect autoantibodies in SLE and perform the diagnosis of SLE using the peptide microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Clinical Laboratory of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Li
- Clinical Laboratory of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiongdan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfei Lin
- South China Institute of Microbial Ecology and Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Clinical Laboratory of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- South China Institute of Microbial Ecology and Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Clinical Laboratory of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Du Q, Yu R, Wang H, Yan D, Yuan Q, Ma Y, Slamon D, Hou D, Wang H, Wang Q. Significance of tumor-associated autoantibodies in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2018; 12:2020-2028. [PMID: 29356386 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis or early detection of cancer due to their relatively high specificity and stability. The purpose of this study is to detect the level of tumor-associated autoantibodies in lung cancer and assess the diagnostic potential of autoantibodies in screening strategy for early stage lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Levels of tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAbs) were measured against a panel of seven TAAs (p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, CAGE and MAGEA1) in 397 patients with pulmonary lesions (305 with newly diagnosis of NSCLC, 47 with SCLC and 45 with benign nodule) and 74 control persons without any nodules in the lung after chest MDCT scan. The sensitivity, specificity for patients and control persons, positive rate of the panel in different pathology, stage, size of lesion, age and gender were compared and analyzed. RESULTS The AAbs panel could distinguish malignant lesions from benign lesions and control people, with sensitivity of 56.53% and specificity of 91.60%. The specificity could be further increased to 95.80%, when combined with CT. The AAbs also showed high diagnostic value of malignant nodule, and it would be a new method for judgment of malignant nodules that are less than 8 mm in diameter. No significant differences were seen based on pathology, NSCLC stages, tumor size, age or gender. CONCLUSION This assay confirms the value of AAbs panel as a diagnostic tool combined with CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The North Area of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruofei Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Liaoning Provincial, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dennis Slamon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical School of University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California
| | - Dongmei Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical School of University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wu WB, Yie SM, Ye SR, Xie K, Zhang JB, Cao M, Chen J, He X, Ma XL, Zhang J. An Autoantibody Against Human DNA-Topoisomerase I Is a Novel Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 105:1664-1670. [PMID: 29453962 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported a novel tumor-associated antigen with a molecular weight of approximately 48 kDa that was a fragment derived from human DNA-topoisomerase I. The aim of this study is to further investigate the clinical significance of the autoantibody in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We determined serum levels of the autoantibody in 127 NSCLC patients, 127 age-, sex-, and smoking history-matched healthy control subjects, and 38 patients with pulmonary benign tumors by using a specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the autoantibody. We then statistically evaluated its clinical application value. RESULTS Serum levels of the autoantibody in NSCLC patients were significantly higher than in healthy control subjects and patients with benign tumors (p = 0.001). The percentage of sera with a positive level of the autoantibody was 71.8%, 65.6%, 41.9%, and 48.0% in stages I, II, III, and IV of the cancer, respectively (p = 0.049). The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve was 0.971 (95% confidence interval: 0.953 to 0988) for healthy controls and patients with benign tumors versus early stage NSCLC patients. Moreover, the overall survival rate of the patients in stages I, II, and IV with negative levels of the autoantibody was significantly lower than that of patients with positive levels of the autoantibody (p = 0.013, 0.023, and 0.047 for stages I, II, and IV, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the autoantibody can be used as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Mian Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, P.R. China; Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospitals, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Shang-Rong Ye
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospitals, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospitals, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Mei Cao
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospitals, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospitals, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xu He
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospitals, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Lee JR, Chan CT, Ruderman D, Chuang HY, Gaster RS, Atallah M, Mallick P, Lowe SW, Gambhir SS, Wang SX. Longitudinal Monitoring of Antibody Responses against Tumor Cells Using Magneto-nanosensors with a Nanoliter of Blood. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6644-6652. [PMID: 28990786 PMCID: PMC5851288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Each immunoglobulin isotype has unique immune effector functions. The contribution of these functions in the elimination of pathogens and tumors can be determined by monitoring quantitative temporal changes in isotype levels. Here, we developed a novel technique using magneto-nanosensors based on the effect of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) for longitudinal monitoring of total and antigen-specific isotype levels with high precision, using as little as 1 nL of serum. Combining in vitro serologic measurements with in vivo imaging techniques, we investigated the role of the antibody response in the regression of firefly luciferase (FL)-labeled lymphoma cells in spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes in a syngeneic Burkitt's lymphoma mouse model. Regression status was determined by whole body bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The magneto-nanosensors revealed that anti-FL IgG2a and total IgG2a were elevated and sustained in regression mice compared to non-regression mice (p < 0.05). This platform shows promise for monitoring immunotherapy, vaccination, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Rok Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Carmel T. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Ruderman
- Ellison Institute of Transformative Medicine of USC, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90211, United States
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard S. Gaster
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Pliant Therapeutics, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Michelle Atallah
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Parag Mallick
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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11
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Wang L. Screening and Biosensor-Based Approaches for Lung Cancer Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2420. [PMID: 29065541 PMCID: PMC5677261 DOI: 10.3390/s17102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of lung cancer helps to reduce the cancer death rate significantly. Over the years, investigators worldwide have extensively investigated many screening modalities for lung cancer detection, including computerized tomography, chest X-ray, positron emission tomography, sputum cytology, magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. However, these techniques are not suitable for patients with other pathologies. Developing a rapid and sensitive technique for early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgently needed. Biosensor-based techniques have been recently recommended as a rapid and cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of lung tumor markers. This paper reviews the recent development in screening and biosensor-based techniques for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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12
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Wu M, Huang J, Ma S. Identifying gene-gene interactions using penalized tensor regression. Stat Med 2017; 37:598-610. [PMID: 29034516 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene-gene (G×G) interactions have been shown to be critical for the fundamental mechanisms and development of complex diseases beyond main genetic effects. The commonly adopted marginal analysis is limited by considering only a small number of G factors at a time. With the "main effects, interactions" hierarchical constraint, many of the existing joint analysis methods suffer from prohibitively high computational cost. In this study, we propose a new method for identifying important G×G interactions under joint modeling. The proposed method adopts tensor regression to accommodate high data dimensionality and the penalization technique for selection. It naturally accommodates the strong hierarchical structure without imposing additional constraints, making optimization much simpler and faster than in the existing studies. It outperforms multiple alternatives in simulation. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data on lung cancer and melanoma demonstrates that it can identify markers with important implications and better prediction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Wu
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 Guoding Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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13
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Ren S, Zhang S, Jiang T, He Y, Ma Z, Cai H, Xu X, Li Y, Cai W, Zhou J, Liu X, Hu X, Zhang J, Yu H, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. Early detection of lung cancer by using an autoantibody panel in Chinese population. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1384108. [PMID: 29308305 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1384108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a panel of autoantibodies (AABs), including p53, GAGE7, PGP9.5, CAGE, MAGEA1, SOX2 and GBU4-5, that was helpful in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This large-scale, multicenter study was undertaken to validate the clinical value of this 7-AABs panel for early detection of lung cancer in a Chinese population. Two independent sets of plasma samples from 2308 participants were available for the assay of AABs (training set = 300; validation set = 2008). The concentrations of AABs were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the optimal cutoff value for each AAB was determined in the training set and then applied in the validation set. The value of the 7-AABs panel for the early detection of lung cancer was assessed in 540 patients who presented with ground-glass nodules (GGNs) and/or solid nodules. In the validation set, the sensitivity and specificity of the 7-AABs panel were 61% and 90%, respectively. For stage I and stage II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the sensitivity of the 7-AABs panel was 62% and 59%, respectively, and for limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) it was 59%; these sensitivity values were considerably higher than for traditional biomarkers (including CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1). Importantly, the combination of the 7-AABs panel and low-dose computed tomography (CT) scanning significantly improved the diagnostic yield in patients presenting with GGNs and/or solid nodules. In conclusion, our 7-AABs panel has clinical value for early detection of lung cancer, including early-stage lung cancer presenting as GGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory Department, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hangzhou Cancer Probe Biotechnology Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Hangzhou Cancer Probe Biotechnology Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Hangzhou Cancer Probe Biotechnology Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Blandin Knight S, Crosbie PA, Balata H, Chudziak J, Hussell T, Dive C. Progress and prospects of early detection in lung cancer. Open Biol 2017; 7:170070. [PMID: 28878044 PMCID: PMC5627048 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. It is broadly divided into small cell (SCLC, approx. 15% cases) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, approx. 85% cases). The main histological subtypes of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, with the presence of specific DNA mutations allowing further molecular stratification. If identified at an early stage, surgical resection of NSCLC offers a favourable prognosis, with published case series reporting 5-year survival rates of up to 70% for small, localized tumours (stage I). However, most patients (approx. 75%) have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis (stage III/IV) and despite significant developments in the oncological management of late stage lung cancer over recent years, survival remains poor. In 2014, the UK Office for National Statistics reported that patients diagnosed with distant metastatic disease (stage IV) had a 1-year survival rate of just 15-19% compared with 81-85% for stage I.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/surgery
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bronchoscopy/methods
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Circulating Tumor DNA/blood
- Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Humans
- Liquid Biopsy/methods
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Prognosis
- Radiography
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/mortality
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/surgery
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Blandin Knight
- North West Lung Centre, University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Phil A Crosbie
- North West Lung Centre, University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at Manchester and University College London, UK
| | - Haval Balata
- North West Lung Centre, University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jakub Chudziak
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at Manchester and University College London, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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Fortner RT, Damms-Machado A, Kaaks R. Systematic review: Tumor-associated antigen autoantibodies and ovarian cancer early detection. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:465-480. [PMID: 28800944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAbs), produced as an immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), are a novel pathway of early detection markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic review on AAbs and ovarian cancer to summarize the diagnostic performance of individual AAbs and AAb panels. A total of 29 studies including 85 AAbs were included; 27 of the studies were conducted in prevalent cases and cancer-free controls and 2 investigations included pre-diagnosis samples. The majority of studies were hypothesis-driven, evaluating AAbs to target TAAs; 10 studies used screening approaches such as serological expression cloning (SEREX) and nucleic acid-programmable protein arrays (NAPPA). RESULTS The highest sensitivities for individual AAbs were reported for RhoGDI-AAbs (89.5%) and TUBA1C-AAbs (89%); however, specificity levels were relatively low (80% and 75%, respectively). High sensitivities at high specificities were reported for HOXA7-AAbs for detection of moderately differentiated ovarian tumors (66.7% sensitivity at 100% specificity) and IL8-AAbs in stage I-II ovarian cancer (65.5% sensitivity at 98% specificity). A panel of 11 AAbs (ICAM3, CTAG2, p53, STYXL1, PVR, POMC, NUDT11, TRIM39, UHMK1, KSR1, and NXF3) provided 45% sensitivity at 98% specificity for serous ovarian cancer, when at least 2 AAbs were above a threshold of 95% specificity. Twelve of the AAbs identified in this review were investigated in more than one study. Data on diagnostic discrimination by tumor histology and stage at diagnosis are sparse. Limited data suggest select AAb markers improve diagnostic discrimination when combined with markers such as CA125 and HE4. CONCLUSIONS AAbs for ovarian cancer early detection is an emerging area, and large-scale, prospective investigations considering histology and stage are required for discovery and validation. However, data to date suggests panels of AAbs may eventually reach sufficient diagnostic discrimination to allow earlier detection of disease as a complement to existing markers and transvaginal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antje Damms-Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Pilyugin M, Descloux P, André PA, Laszlo V, Dome B, Hegedus B, Sardy S, Janes S, Bianco A, Laurent GJ, Irminger-Finger I. BARD1 serum autoantibodies for the detection of lung cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182356. [PMID: 28786985 PMCID: PMC5546601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently the screening for lung cancer for risk groups is based on Computed Tomography (CT) or low dose CT (LDCT); however, the lung cancer death rate has not decreased significantly with people undergoing LDCT. We aimed to develop a simple reliable blood test for early detection of all types of lung cancer based on the immunogenicity of aberrant forms of BARD1 that are specifically upregulated in lung cancer. METHODS ELISA assays were performed with a panel of BARD1 epitopes to detect serum levels of antibodies against BARD1 epitopes. We tested 194 blood samples from healthy donors and lung cancer patients with a panel of 40 BARD1 antigens. Using fitted Lasso logistic regression we determined the optimal combination of BARD1 antigens to be used in ELISA for discriminating lung cancer from healthy controls. Random selection of samples for training sets or validations sets was applied to validate the accuracy of our test. RESULTS Fitted Lasso logistic regression models predict high accuracy of the BARD1 autoimmune antibody test with an AUC = 0.96. Validation in independent samples provided and AUC = 0.86 and identical AUCs were obtained for combined stages 1-3 and late stage 4 lung cancers. The BARD1 antibody test is highly specific for lung cancer and not breast or ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION The BARD1 lung cancer test shows higher sensitivity and specificity than previously published blood tests for lung cancer detection and/or diagnosis or CT scans, and it could detect all types and all stages of lung cancer. This BARD1 lung cancer test could therefore be further developed as i) screening test for early detection of lung cancers in high-risk groups, and ii) diagnostic aid in complementing CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Pilyugin
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Genetics and Laboratories, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pierre-Alain André
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Genetics and Laboratories, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hunagary
| | - Sylvain Sardy
- Departement of Mathematics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Geoffrey J. Laurent
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
| | - Irmgard Irminger-Finger
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Genetics and Laboratories, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
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17
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Dulmage B, Geskin L, Guitart J, Akilov OE. The biomarker landscape in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:668-676. [PMID: 27897325 PMCID: PMC5489366 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The practice of pre-emptive individualized medicine is predicated on the discovery, development and application of biomarkers in specific clinical settings. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the two most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, yet diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring remain a challenge. In this review, we discuss the current state of biomarker discovery in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, highlighting the most promising molecules in different compartments. Further, we emphasize the need for continued multicentre efforts to validate available and new biomarkers and to develop prospective combinatorial panels of already discovered molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dulmage
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Larisa Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oleg E Akilov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Abstract
Background For fighting cancer, earlier detection is crucial. Circulating auto-antibodies produced by the patient’s own immune system after exposure to cancer proteins are promising bio-markers for the early detection of cancer. Since an antibody recognizes not the whole antigen but 4–7 critical amino acids within the antigenic determinant (epitope), the whole proteome can be represented by a random peptide phage display library. This opens the possibility to develop an early cancer detection test based on a set of peptide sequences identified by comparing cancer patients’ and healthy donors’ global peptide profiles of antibody specificities. Results Due to the enormously large number of peptide sequences contained in global peptide profiles generated by next generation sequencing, the large number of cancer and control sera is required to identify cancer-specific peptides with high degree of statistical significance. To decrease the number of peptides in profiles generated by nextgen sequencing without losing cancer-specific sequences we used for generation of profiles the phage library enriched by panning on the pool of cancer sera. To further decrease the complexity of profiles we used computational methods for transforming a list of peptides constituting the mimotope profiles to the list motifs formed by similar peptide sequences. Conclusion We have shown that the amino-acid order is meaningful in mimotope motifs since they contain significantly more peptides than motifs among peptides where amino-acids are randomly permuted. Also the single sample motifs significantly differ from motifs in peptides drawn from multiple samples. Finally, multiple cancer-specific motifs have been identified.
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19
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Hoshino I, Nagata M, Takiguchi N, Nabeya Y, Ikeda A, Yokoi S, Kuwajima A, Tagawa M, Matsushita K, Satoshi Y, Hideaki S. Panel of autoantibodies against multiple tumor-associated antigens for detecting gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:308-315. [PMID: 28064445 PMCID: PMC5378227 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world, and effective diagnosis is extremely important for good outcome. We assessed the diagnostic potential of an autoantibody panel that may provide a novel tool for the early detection of gastric cancer. We analyzed data from patients with gastric cancer and normal controls in test and validation cohorts. Autoantibody levels were measured against a panel of six tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) by ELISA: p53, heat shock protein 70, HCC‐22‐5, peroxiredoxin VI, KM‐HN‐1, and p90 TAA. We assessed serum autoantibodies in 100 participants in the test cohort. The validation cohort comprised 248 participants. Autoantibodies to at least one of the six antigens showed a sensitivity/specificity of 49.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.2–58.8%)/92.4% (95% CI, 87.2–97.6%), and 52.0% (95% CI, 42.2–61.8%)/90.5% (95% CI, 84.8–96.3%) in the test and validation cohorts, respectively. In the validation cohort, no significant differences were seen when patients were subdivided based on age, sex, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, or TNM stage. Patients who were positive for more than two antibodies in the panel tended to have a worse prognosis than those who were positive for one or no antibody. Measurement of autoantibody response to multiple TAAs in an optimized panel assay to discriminate patients with early stage gastric cancer from normal controls may aid in the early detection of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Hoshino
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Matsuo Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takiguchi
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nabeya
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sana Yokoi
- Division of Chemotherapy and Cancer Diagnosis, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuwajima
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yajima Satoshi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimada Hideaki
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Macdonald IK, Parsy-Kowalska CB, Chapman CJ. Autoantibodies: Opportunities for Early Cancer Detection. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:198-213. [PMID: 28718432 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can induce an immunological response resulting in the production of tumor-associated (TA) autoantibodies. These serum immunobiomarkers have been detected for a range of cancers at an early stage before the development of clinical symptoms. Their measurement is minimally invasive and cost effective using established technologies. TA autoantibodies are present in a clinically significant number of individuals and could supplement current screening modalities to aid early diagnosis of high-risk populations and assist the clinical management of patients. Here we review their production, discovery, and validation as biomarkers for cancer and their current and future potential as clinical tools.
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21
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Tang ZM, Ling ZG, Wang CM, Wu YB, Kong JL. Serum tumor-associated autoantibodies as diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182117. [PMID: 28750095 PMCID: PMC5547718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic values of serum single and multiplex tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) in patients with lung cancer (LC). METHODS We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant studies investigating serum TAAbs for the diagnosis of LC. The primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the test. RESULTS The systematic review and meta-analysis included 31 articles with single autoantibody and 39 with multiplex autoantibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the most common detection method. For the diagnosis of patients with all stages and early-stage LC, different single or combinations of TAAbs demonstrated different diagnostic values. Although individual TAAbs showed low diagnostic sensitivity, the combination of multiplex autoantibodies offered relatively high sensitivity. For the meta-analysis of a same panel of autoantibodies in patients at all stages of LC, the pooled results of the panel of 6 TAAbs (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, Annexin 1 and SOX2) were: sensitivity 38% (95% CI 0.35-0.40), specificity 89% (95% CI 0.86-0.91), diagnostic accuracy 65.9% (range 62.5-81.8%), AUC 0.52 (0.48-0.57), while the summary estimates of 7 TAAbs (p53, CAGE, NY-ESO-1, GBU4-5, SOX2, MAGE A4 and Hu-D) were: sensitivity 47% (95% CI 0.34-0.60), specificity 90% (95% CI 0.89-0.92), diagnostic accuracy 78.4% (range 67.5-88.8%), AUC 0.90 (0.87-0.93). For the meta-analysis of the same panel of autoantibodies in patients at early-stage of LC, the sensitivities of both panels of 7 TAAbs and 6 TAAbs were 40% and 29.7%, while their specificities were 91% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum single or combinations of multiplex autoantibodies can be used as a tool for the diagnosis of LC patients at all stages or early-stage, but the combination of multiplex autoantibodies shows a higher detection capacity; the diagnostic value of the panel of 7 TAAbs is higher than the panel of 6 TAAbs, which may be used as potential biomarkers for the early detection of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ming Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Gui Ling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZGL); (JLK)
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Shenzhen Guangming New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Bin Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Liang Kong
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (ZGL); (JLK)
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22
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Ren B, Wei X, Zou G, He J, Xu G, Xu F, Huang Y, Zhu H, Li Y, Ma G, Yu P. Cancer testis antigen SPAG9 is a promising marker for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2599-605. [PMID: 26934841 PMCID: PMC4811394 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigen sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is highly expressed in many types of cancers. In the present study, to obtain a better understanding of the relevance of SPAG9 in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the expression of SPAG9 mRNA and protein in lung cancer specimens was evaluated by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ELISA was used to quantify the SPAG9 autoantibody in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. The results showed that the expression of SPAG9 mRNA and protein in the lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). The level of the SPAG9 autoantibody in the serum of lung cancer patients was significantly higher than the level in the healthy controls (P<0.001), and the level of the SPAG9 autoantibody in the serum of untreated patients was significantly higher than that in treated patients (P=0.002). SPAG9 IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in treated adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer patients than these levels in the untreated patients (P=0.006, P=0.026, respectively), while no statistical difference was found between treated and untreated squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our results suggest that the SPAG9 antibody in serum is a promising marker for the diagnosis of lung cancer, and the level of the humoral immune response to this antigen appears to be related to the type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Ren
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zou
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Laboratory of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Haowen Zhu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Veronesi G, Bianchi F, Infante M, Alloisio M. The challenge of small lung nodules identified in CT screening: can biomarkers assist diagnosis? Biomark Med 2016; 10:137-43. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various biomarkers have been developed as noninvasive tests to indicate the presence of lung cancer in asymptomatic persons, and in particular to provide evidence as to whether indeterminate lung nodules detected by screening are malignant. We performed an overview of the range of biomarkers reported in the literature and described those that can complement low-dose computed tomography screening. Several have promising sensitivity and specificity. However to our knowledge, only three techniques have reached the prospective screening phase (phase 4) of the five-phase biomarker development process. Two miRNA signatures (the miR-Test for serum and the miRNA signature classifier test for plasma) are being assessed in prospective screening trials, as is the EarlyCDT-Lung test based on autoantibodies. All will need to undergo prospective studies to determine their ability to improve outcomes before they can become an established adjunct to lung cancer control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Molecular Medicin Lab, European Institute of Oncology, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Infante
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano MI, Italy
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Tanvetyanon T, Creelan BC, Chiappori AA. Current clinical application of genomic and proteomic profiling in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Control 2014; 21:32-9. [PMID: 24357739 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic or proteomic profiling of cancer can be broadly defined as a systematic grouping of cancer based on its genetic or protein makeup. In the management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), genomic and proteomic profiling applications have become useful in early disease detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication. METHODS We reviewed the recent literature on the applications of genomic and proteomic profiling in NSCLC. Important applications were summarized into those already adopted as standard care and those still under investigation. RESULTS For genomic profiling, testing for EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement has become routine for adenocarcinoma. Multiplex assay and malignancy-risk gene signature are both important applications in development. A test to predict outcome after treatment with an epidermal growth factor rector/tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a screening blood test for lung cancer are being investigated for use in proteomic profiling. CONCLUSIONS Genomic profiling is routine in patients with NSCLC, and proteomic profiling shows promise. Additional genomic and proteomic profiling applications may also prove to be useful contributions in the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawee Tanvetyanon
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa FL 33612, USA.
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PENG YUHUI, XU YIWEI, QIU SIQI, HONG CHAOQUN, ZHAI TIANTIAN, LI ENMIN, XU LIYAN. Combination of autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 and viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin A for improved detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1096-1102. [PMID: 25120665 PMCID: PMC4114591 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in Southern China and Southeast Asia, and early detection remains a challenge. Autoantibodies have been found to precede the manifestations of symptomatic cancer by several months to years, making their identification of particular relevance for early detection. In the present study, the diagnostic value of serum autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 in NPC patients was evaluated. The study included 112 patients with NPC and 138 normal controls. Serum levels of autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 and classical Epstein-Barr virus marker, viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin A (VCA-IgA), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Measurement of autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 and VCA-IgA demonstrated a sensitivity/specificity of 42.9/94.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.7-52.6/89.4-97.8%] and 55.4/95.7% (95% CI, 45.7-64.7/90.4-98.2%), respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 (0.821; 95% CI, 0.771-0.871) was marginally lower than that for VCA-IgA (0.860; 95% CI, 0.810-0.910) in NPC. The combination of autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 and VCA-IgA yielded an enhanced sensitivity of 80.4% (95% CI, 71.6-87.0%) and a specificity of 90.6% (95% CI, 84.1-94.7%). Moreover, detection of autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 could differentiate early-stage NPC patients from normal controls. Our results suggest that autoantibodies against NY-ESO-1 may serve as a potential biomarker, as a supplement to VCA-IgA, for the screening and diagnosis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- YU-HUI PENG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - YI-WEI XU
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - SI-QI QIU
- The Breast Center, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - CHAO-QUN HONG
- Department of Oncological Research Lab, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - TIAN-TIAN ZHAI
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - EN-MIN LI
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Li-Yan Xu, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area or Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: . Dr En-Min Li, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area or Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - LI-YAN XU
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Li-Yan Xu, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area or Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: . Dr En-Min Li, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area or Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Middleton CH, Irving W, Robertson JFR, Murray A, Parsy-Kowalska CB, Macdonald IK, McElveen J, Allen J, Healey GF, Thomson BJ, Ryder SJ, Holdenrieder S, Chapman CJ. Serum autoantibody measurement for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103867. [PMID: 25093332 PMCID: PMC4122394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with liver disease, and especially those with Hepatitis B or C, are at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Inadequate screening tests largely account for presentation of advanced tumours and high mortality rates. Early detection of HCC amongst high-risk groups is paramount in improving prognosis. This research aimed to further characterise the previously described humoral immune response raised to tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) in the serum of patients with HCC. Methods Serum from 96 patients with confirmed HCC, 96 healthy controls matched for age and sex, 78 patients with confirmed liver cirrhosis and 91 patients with confirmed chronic liver disease were analysed for the presence of IgG autoantibodies raised to 41 recombinant TAAs/antigen fragments by ELISA. Results Varying autoantibody specificities (97–100%) and sensitivities (0–10%) were observed to individual TAAs. A 21-antigen panel achieved a specificity of 92% and sensitivity of 45% for the detection of HCC. This same panel identified 21% of 169 high-risk controls as having elevated autoantibody levels. A reproducible panel of 10 antigens achieved a specificity of 91% and sensitivity of 41% in HCC. 15% of 152 high-risk controls gave positive results with this panel. Conclusions This minimally invasive blood test has the potential to offer advantages over currently available tools for the identification of HCC amongst pre-disposed patients. Results are comparable to current gold standards in HCC (Ultrasonography) and to similar tests in other cancers (EarlyCDT-Lung).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin H. Middleton
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Irving
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John F. R. Robertson
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian J. Thomson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Ryder
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caroline J. Chapman
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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LIN KAILONG, HE SIYI, HE LUHANG, CHEN JUNYIN, CHENG XIAOMING, ZHANG GUOQIANG, ZHU BO. Complement component 3 is a prognostic factor of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:811-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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28
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de Costa D, Broodman I, Calame W, Stingl C, Dekker LJM, Vernhout RM, de Koning HJ, Hoogsteden HC, Smitt PAES, van Klaveren RJ, Luider TM, VanDuijn MM. Peptides from the variable region of specific antibodies are shared among lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96029. [PMID: 24787687 PMCID: PMC4006902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Late diagnosis of lung cancer is still the main reason for high mortality rates in lung cancer. Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease which induces an immune response to different tumor antigens. Several methods for searching autoantibodies have been described that are based on known purified antigen panels. The aim of our study is to find evidence that parts of the antigen-binding-domain of antibodies are shared among lung cancer patients. This was investigated by a novel approach based on sequencing antigen-binding-fragments (Fab) of immunoglobulins using proteomic techniques without the need of previously known antigen panels. From serum of 93 participants of the NELSON trial IgG was isolated and subsequently digested into Fab and Fc. Fab was purified from the digested mixture by SDS-PAGE. The Fab containing gel-bands were excised, tryptic digested and measured on a nano-LC-Orbitrap-Mass-spectrometry system. Multivariate analysis of the mass spectrometry data by linear canonical discriminant analysis combined with stepwise logistic regression resulted in a 12-antibody-peptide model which was able to distinguish lung cancer patients from controls in a high risk population with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 90%. With our Fab-purification combined Orbitrap-mass-spectrometry approach, we found peptides from the variable-parts of antibodies which are shared among lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Costa
- Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Broodman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Calame
- StatistiCal BV, Wassenaar, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Stingl
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René M. Vernhout
- Unit of Trials and Statistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J. de Koning
- Unit of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk C. Hoogsteden
- Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob J. van Klaveren
- Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Jia J, Wang W, Meng W, Ding M, Ma S, Wang X. Development of a multiplex autoantibody test for detection of lung cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95444. [PMID: 24755629 PMCID: PMC3995760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both men and women. Early diagnosis of lung cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 48.8%, however, nearly 35% of stage I patients relapses after surgical resection, thus portending a poor prognosis. Therefore, detecting lung cancer in early stage and further identifying the high-risk patients would allow the opportunity to provide adjuvant therapy and possibly increase survival. There is considerable evidence that the immune system produces an autoantibody response to neoplastic cells. The detection of such autoantibodies has been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic value. Here we took advantage of the high-throughput Luminex technique to multiplex a total of 14 tumor-associated autoantigens to detect the autoantibody from the patients sera. The 14 antigens were expressed by in vitro transcription/translation system with HaloTag at N-terminus. The fusion proteins were then covalently immobilized onto the Luminex microspheres conjugated by the halo-link ligand, thus eliminating the protein purification procedure. Sera samples from cancer patients and healthy controls were interacted with the microsphere-antigen complex to measure the autoantibodies. We have developed a quick multiplex detection system for measuring autoantibody signature from patient sera with minimal cross-reaction. A panel of seven autoantibody biomarkers has generated an AUC>80% in distinguishing the lung cancers from healthy controls. This study is the first report by combining Luminex platform and HaloTag technology to detect humoral immune response in cancer patients. Due to the flexibility of the Luminex technology, this approach can be applied to others conditions such as infectious, neurological, and metabolic diseases. One can envision that this multiplex Luminex system as well as the panel of seven biomarkers could be used to screen the high-risk population with subsequent CT test based on the blood test result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Meng
- Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Ding
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (SM)
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Institute of Lung Cancer, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (SM)
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Trudgen K, Khattar NH, Bensadoun E, Arnold S, Stromberg AJ, Hirschowitz EA. Autoantibody profiling for lung cancer screening longitudinal retrospective analysis of CT screening cohorts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87947. [PMID: 24498409 PMCID: PMC3912196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations for lung cancer screening present a tangible opportunity to integrate predictive blood-based assays with radiographic imaging. This study compares performance of autoantibody markers from prior discovery in sample cohorts from two CT screening trials. One-hundred eighty non-cancer and 6 prevalence and 44 incidence cancer cases detected in the Mayo Lung Screening Trial were tested using a panel of six autoantibody markers to define a normal range and assign cutoff values for class prediction. A cutoff for minimal specificity and best achievable sensitivity were applied to 256 samples drawn annually for three years from 95 participants in the Kentucky Lung Screening Trial. Data revealed a discrepancy in quantile distribution between the two apparently comparable sample sets, which skewed the assay’s dynamic range towards specificity. This cutoff offered 43% specificity (102/237) in the control group and accurately classified 11/19 lung cancer samples (58%), which included 4/5 cancers at time of radiographic detection (80%), and 50% of occult cancers up to five years prior to diagnosis. An apparent ceiling in assay sensitivity is likely to limit the utility of this assay in a conventional screening paradigm. Pre-analytical bias introduced by sample age, handling or storage remains a practical concern during development, validation and implementation of autoantibody assays. This report does not draw conclusions about other logical applications for autoantibody profiling in lung cancer diagnosis and management, nor its potential when combined with other biomarkers that might improve overall predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney Trudgen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nada H. Khattar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eric Bensadoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Arnold J. Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Hirschowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Lexington Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mascaux C, Peled N, Garg K, Kato Y, Wynes MW, Hirsch FR. Early detection and screening of lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:799-815. [PMID: 20843203 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Mascaux
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Weiss-Ottolenghi Y, Gershoni JM. Profiling the IgOme: meeting the challenge. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:318-25. [PMID: 24239539 PMCID: PMC7094557 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The entire repertoire of antibodies in our serum, the IgOme, is a historical record of our past experiences and a reflection of our immune status at any given moment. Understanding the dynamics of the IgOme and how the diversity and specificities of serum antibodies change in response to disease and maintenance of homeostasis can directly impact the ability to design and develop novel vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we review both direct and indirect methodologies that are being developed to map the complexity and specificities of the antibodies in polyclonal serum - the IgOme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jonathan M Gershoni
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Identification of novel autoantibodies for detection of malignant mesothelioma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72458. [PMID: 23977302 PMCID: PMC3747111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The malignant mesothelioma (MM) survival rate has been hampered by the lack of efficient and accurate early detection methods. The immune system may detect the early changes of tumor progression by responding with tumor-associated autoantibody production. Hence, in this study, we translated the humoral immune response to cancer proteins into a potential blood test for MM. Methodology/Principal Findings A T7 phage MM cDNA library was constructed using MM tumor tissues and biopanned for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) using pooled MM patient and normal serum samples. About 1008 individual phage TAA clones from the biopanned library were subjected to protein microarray construction and tested with 53 MM and 52 control serum samples as a training group. Nine candidate autoantibody markers were selected from the training group using Tclass system and logistic regression statistical analysis, which achieved 94.3% sensitivity and 90.4% specificity with an AUC value of 0.89 in receiver operating characteristic analysis. The classifier was further evaluated with 50 patient and 50 normal serum samples as an independent blind validation, and the sensitivity of 86.0% and the specificity of 86.0% were obtained with an AUC of 0.82. Sequencing and BLASTN analysis of the classifier revealed that five of these nine candidate markers were found to have strong homology to cancer related proteins (PDIA6, MEG3, SDCCAG3, IGHG3, IGHG1). Conclusions/Significance Our results indicated that using a panel of 9 autoantibody markers presented a promising accuracy for MM detection. Although the results need further validation in high-risk groups, they provided the potentials in developing a serum-based assay for MM diagnosis.
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Zhang Y, Yang D, Weng L, Wang L. Early lung cancer diagnosis by biosensors. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15479-509. [PMID: 23892596 PMCID: PMC3759869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes an extreme threat to human health, and the mortality rate due to lung cancer has not decreased during the last decade. Prognosis or early diagnosis could help reduce the mortality rate. If microRNA and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), as well as the corresponding autoantibodies, can be detected prior to clinical diagnosis, such high sensitivity of biosensors makes the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer realizable. This review provides an overview of tumor-associated biomarker identifying methods and the biosensor technology available today. Laboratorial researches utilizing biosensors for early lung cancer diagnosis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Lixing Weng
- College of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (D.Y.)
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Pedchenko T, Mernaugh R, Parekh D, Li M, Massion PP. Early detection of NSCLC with scFv selected against IgM autoantibody. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60934. [PMID: 23585862 PMCID: PMC3621672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of patients with lung cancer could be significantly prolonged should the disease be diagnosed early. Growing evidence indicates that the immune response in the form of autoantibodies to developing cancer is present before clinical presentation. We used a phage-displayed antibody library to select for recombinant scFvs that specifically bind to lung cancer-associated IgM autoantibodies. We selected for scFv recombinant antibodies reactive with circulating IgM autoantibodies found in the serum of patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma but not matched controls. Discriminatory performance of 6 selected scFvs was validated in an independent set of serum from stage 1 adenocarcinoma and matching control groups using two independent novel methods developed for this application. The panel of 6 selected scFvs predicted cancer based on seroreactivity value with sensitivity of 0.8 and specificity of 0.87. Receiver Operative Characteristic curve (ROC) for combined 6 scFv has an AUC of 0.88 (95%CI, 0.76–1.0) as determined by fluorometric microvolume assay technology (FMAT) The ROC curve generated using a homogeneous bridging Mesa Scale Discovery (MSD) assay had an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.59–0.85). The panel of all 6 antibodies demonstrated better discriminative power than any single scFv alone. The scFv panel also demonstrated the association between a high score - based on seroreactivity - with poor survival. Selected scFvs were able to recognize lung cancer associated IgM autoantibodies in patient serum as early as 21 months before the clinical presentation of disease. The panel of antibodies discovered represents a potential unique non-invasive molecular tool to detect an immune response specific to lung adenocarcinoma at an early stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Yao Y, Fan Y, Wu J, Wan H, Wang J, Lam S, Lam WL, Girard L, Gazdar AF, Wu Z, Zhou Q. Potential application of non-small cell lung cancer-associated autoantibodies to early cancer diagnosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:613-9. [PMID: 22713465 PMCID: PMC4512951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To identify a panel of tumor associated autoantibodies which can potentially be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirty-five unique and in-frame expressed phage proteins were isolated. Based on the gene expression profiling, four proteins were selected for further study. Both receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and leave-one-out method revealed that combined measurements of four antibodies produced have better predictive accuracies than any single marker alone. Leave-one-out validation also showed significant relevance with all stages of NSCLC patients. The panel of autoantibodies has a high potential for detecting early stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Yao
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Fan
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Haisu Wan
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Wan L. Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adi F. Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Gao X, Kernstine KH, Zhong L. Serological antibodies against LY6K as a diagnostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarkers 2012; 17:372-8. [PMID: 22515502 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.680609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic values of autoantibodies against lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K (LY6K) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS After cloning, expressing, and purifying LY6K as fusion proteins, LY6K autoantibodies were measured in 62 patient and 58 control serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the LY6K mRNA levels in ESCC and adjacent tissues. RESULTS LY6K autoantibodies were found significantly higher in patients than controls. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.85, and the optimal sensitivity and specificity for ESCC detection were 80.6 and 78.7%, respectively. LY6K mRNA expressions in patients were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies against LY6K may be a good diagnostic biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei University College of Life Sciences, Baoding, China
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EarlyCDT®-Lung test: improved clinical utility through additional autoantibody assays. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1319-26. [PMID: 22492236 PMCID: PMC3460172 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated autoantibodies (AAbs) have been described in patients with lung cancer, and the EarlyCDT®-Lung test that measures such AAbs is available as an aid for the early detection of lung cancer in high-risk populations. Improvements in specificity would improve its cost-effectiveness, as well as reduce anxiety associated with false positive tests. Samples from 235 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and matched controls were measured for the presence of AAbs to a panel of six (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, Annexin I, and SOX2) or seven (p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4-5, SOX2, HuD, and MAGE A4) antigens. Data were assessed in relation to cancer type and stage. The sensitivity and specificity of these two panels were also compared in two prospective consecutive series of 776 and 836 individuals at an increased risk of developing lung cancer. The six-AAb panel gave a sensitivity of 39 % with a specificity of 89 %, while the seven-AAb panel gave a sensitivity of 41 % with a specificity of 91 % which, once adjusted for occult cancers in the population, resulted in a specificity of 93 %. Analysis of these AAb assays in the at-risk population confirmed that the seven-AAb panel resulted in a significant increase in the specificity of the test from 82 to 90 %, with no significant change in sensitivity. The change from a six- to a seven-AAb assay can improve the specificity of the test and would result in a PPV of 1 in 8 and an overall accuracy of 92 %.
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Yao Y, Wu Z, Zhou Q. [Autoantibodies as the early diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:903-7. [PMID: 20840821 PMCID: PMC6000346 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Rom WN, Goldberg JD, Addrizzo-Harris D, Watson HN, Khilkin M, Greenberg AK, Naidich DP, Crawford B, Eylers E, Liu D, Tan EM. Identification of an autoantibody panel to separate lung cancer from smokers and nonsmokers. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:234. [PMID: 20504322 PMCID: PMC2885364 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sera from lung cancer patients contain autoantibodies that react with tumor associated antigens (TAAs) that reflect genetic over-expression, mutation, or other anomalies of cell cycle, growth, signaling, and metabolism pathways. Methods We performed immunoassays to detect autoantibodies to ten tumor associated antigens (TAAs) selected on the basis of previous studies showing that they had preferential specificity for certain cancers. Sera examined were from lung cancer patients (22); smokers with ground-glass opacities (GGOs) (46), benign solid nodules (55), or normal CTs (35); and normal non-smokers (36). Logistic regression models based on the antibody biomarker levels among the high risk and lung cancer groups were developed to identify the combinations of biomarkers that predict lung cancer in these cohorts. Results Statistically significant differences in the distributions of each of the biomarkers were identified among all five groups. Using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves based on age, c-myc, Cyclin A, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, CDK2, and survivin, we obtained a sensitivity = 81% and specificity = 97% for the classification of cancer vs smokers(no nodules, solid nodules, or GGO) and correctly predicted 31/36 healthy controls as noncancer. Conclusion A pattern of autoantibody reactivity to TAAs may distinguish patients with lung cancer versus smokers with normal CTs, stable solid nodules, ground glass opacities, or normal healthy never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Rom
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Radiology, Thoracic Surgery, and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Improving seroreactivity-based detection of glioma. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1383-9. [PMID: 20019846 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seroreactivity profiling emerges as valuable technique for minimal invasive cancer detection. Recently, we provided first evidence for the applicability of serum profiling of glioma using a limited number of immunogenic antigens. Here, we screened 57 glioma and 60 healthy sera for autoantibodies against 1827 Escherichia coli expressed clones, including 509 in-frame peptide sequences. By a linear support vector machine approach, we calculated mean specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of 100 repetitive classifications. We were able to differentiate glioma sera from sera of the healthy controls with a specificity of 90.28%, a sensitivity of 87.31% and an accuracy of 88.84%. We were also able to differentiate World Health Organization grade IV glioma sera from healthy sera with a specificity of 98.45%, a sensitivity of 80.93%, and an accuracy of 92.88%. To rank the antigens according to their information content, we computed the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve value for each clone. Altogether, we found 46 immunogenic clones including 16 in-frame clones that were informative for the classification of glioma sera versus healthy sera. For the separation of glioblastoma versus healthy sera, we found 91 informative clones including 26 in-frame clones. The best-suited in-frame clone for the classification glioma sera versus healthy sera corresponded to the vimentin gene (VIM) that was previously associated with glioma. In the future, autoantibody signatures in glioma not only may prove useful for diagnosis but also offer the prospect for a personalized immune-based therapy.
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Leidinger P, Keller A, Heisel S, Ludwig N, Rheinheimer S, Klein V, Andres C, Staratschek-Jox A, Wolf J, Stoelben E, Stephan B, Stehle I, Hamacher J, Huwer H, Lenhof HP, Meese E. Identification of lung cancer with high sensitivity and specificity by blood testing. Respir Res 2010; 11:18. [PMID: 20146812 PMCID: PMC2832627 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a very frequent and lethal tumor with an identifiable risk population. Cytological analysis and chest X-ray failed to reduce mortality, and CT screenings are still controversially discussed. Recent studies provided first evidence for the potential usefulness of autoantigens as markers for lung cancer. Methods We used extended panels of arrayed antigens and determined autoantibody signatures of sera from patients with different kinds of lung cancer, different common non-tumor lung pathologies, and controls without any lung disease by a newly developed computer aided image analysis procedure. The resulting signatures were classified using linear kernel Support Vector Machines and 10-fold cross-validation. Results The novel approach allowed for discriminating lung cancer patients from controls without any lung disease with a specificity of 97.0%, a sensitivity of 97.9%, and an accuracy of 97.6%. The classification of stage IA/IB tumors and controls yielded a specificity of 97.6%, a sensitivity of 75.9%, and an accuracy of 92.9%. The discrimination of lung cancer patients from patients with non-tumor lung pathologies reached an accuracy of 88.5%. Conclusion We were able to separate lung cancer patients from subjects without any lung disease with high accuracy. Furthermore, lung cancer patients could be seprated from patients with other non-tumor lung diseases. These results provide clear evidence that blood-based tests open new avenues for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Leidinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Abstract
Cancer has currently overtaken heart disease as the major cause of mortality in the United States. The Human Genome Project, advances in informatics, miniaturization of sample collection, and increased knowledge of cell signaling pathways has revolutionized the study of disease. Genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are currently being used to develop molecular signatures for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. Tumor-associated antigens discovered by these methods are being used to develop passive (humoral) as well as active immunotherapy strategies to stimulate the immune system. Development and validation of biomarkers on a parallel track with therapeutics can speed development times by accurate screening of patient populations and substituting surrogate markers that correlate well with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel M Malyankar
- Biomarkers, Division of Translational Medicine, MannKind Corporation, Valencia, California 91355, USA.
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Ran Y, Hu H, Zhou Z, Yu L, Sun L, Pan J, Liu J, Yang Z. Profiling tumor-associated autoantibodies for the detection of colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2696-700. [PMID: 18451234 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to screen the autoantibody signature of colon cancers to develop serum markers for colon cancer detection. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A phage cDNA expression library of colon cancer was built. The library was sequentially screened by a pool of 10 colon cancer sera, goat antihuman IgG, and a pool of two healthy sera to identify phage-expressed antigens recognized by tumor-associated antibodies. The clones picked out by these screening were subjected to a training set with 24 colon cancer sera and 24 healthy sera. The antigen combination, which got the most satisfactory classification, was tested by an independent set of 24 colon cancer sera with equal number of sera from normal donors. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level of these sera was detected for the additional classification analysis with or without the antigen combination. RESULTS A cDNA expression library consisting of 2 x 10(6) primary clones was prepared. After three turns of screening, 24 antigens recognized by tumor-associated antibodies were picked out for serum marker identification. The training set showed that a six-marker combination got the most satisfactory classification in a logistic regression model; leave-one-out validation achieved 91.7% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. In a testing set with this marker panel, we correctly predicted 85% of the samples. Although according to CEA level alone, we correctly predicted 75% of the samples with 42% of cancer patients misclassified. When CEA was combined with the six markers, the sensitivity and specificity increased to 91.7% and 95.8%, respectively. The six antigen sequences in the phage display system are relatively short peptides. Only two of them showed homology to known protein sequences. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies against phage-expressed antigens derived from colon cancer tissues could be used as serum markers for the detection of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Ran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhong L, Ge K, Zu JC, Zhao LH, Shen WK, Wang JF, Zhang XG, Gao X, Hu W, Yen Y, Kernstine KH. Autoantibodies as potential biomarkers for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:R40. [PMID: 18460216 PMCID: PMC2481487 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only a limited number of tumor markers for breast cancer are currently available. Antibodies to tumor-associated proteins may expand the number of available tumor markers for breast cancer and may be used together in a serum profile to enhance sensitivity and specificity. METHODS In the present study, we interrogated a breast cancer cDNA T7 phage library for tumor-associated proteins using biopan enrichment techniques with sera from normal individuals and from breast cancer patients. The enrichment of tumor-associated proteins after biopanning was tested using a plaque-lift assay and immunochemical detection. The putative tumor-associated phage clones were collected for PCR and sequencing analysis. Unique and open reading frame phage-expressed proteins were then used to develop phage protein ELISAs to measure corresponding autoantibodies using 87 breast cancer patients and 87 normal serum samples. A logistic regression model and leave-one-out validation were used to evaluate predictive accuracies with a single marker as well as with combined markers. Identities of those selected proteins were revealed through the sequence BLAST program. RESULTS We harvested 100 putative tumor-associated phage clones after biopan enrichment. Sequencing analysis revealed that six phage proteins were inframe and unique. Antibodies to these six phage-expressed proteins were measured by ELISAs, and the results showed that three of the phage clones had statistical significance in discriminating patients from normal individuals. BLAST results of the three proteins showed great matches to ASB-9, SERAC1, and RELT. Measurements of the three predictive phage proteins were combined in a logistic regression model that achieved 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity in prediction of sample status, whereas leave-one-out validation achieved 77.0% sensitivity and 82.8% specificity among 87 patient samples and 87 control samples. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the leave-one-out method both showed that combined measurements of the three antibodies were more predictive of disease than any of the single antibodies studied, underscoring the importance of identifying multiple potential markers. CONCLUSION Serum autoantibody profiling is a promising approach for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Rather than one autoantibody, a panel of autoantibodies appears preferable to achieve superior accuracy. Further refinements will need to be made to further improve the accuracy. Once refined, the assay must be applied to a prospective patient population to demonstrate applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei University College of Life Sciences, 180 Wusi Road, Baoding 071002, China.
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Patz EF, Campa MJ, Gottlin EB, Kusmartseva I, Guan XR, Herndon JE. Panel of Serum Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:5578-83. [PMID: 18065730 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.13.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeCurrently, a blood test for lung cancer does not exist. Serum biomarkers that could aid clinicians in making case management decisions would be enormously valuable. We used two proteomic platforms and a literature search to select candidate serum markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer.MethodsWe initially assayed six serum proteins, four discovered by proteomics and two previously known to be cancer associated, on a training set of sera from 100 patients (50 with a new diagnosis of lung cancer and 50 age- and sex-matched controls). Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis selected a panel of four markers that most efficiently predicted which patients had lung cancer. An independent, blinded validation set of sera from 97 patients (49 lung cancer patients and 48 matched controls) determined the accuracy of the four markers to predict which patients had lung cancer.ResultsFour serum proteins—carcinoembryonic antigen, retinol binding protein, α1-antitrypsin, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen—were collectively found to correctly classify the majority of lung cancer and control patients in the training set (sensitivity, 89.3%; specificity, 84.7%). These markers also accurately classified patients in the independent validation set (sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 75.4%). Remarkably, 90% of patients who fell into any one of three groupings in the CART analysis had lung cancer.ConclusionThis panel of four serum proteins is valuable in suggesting the diagnosis of lung cancer. These data may be useful for treating patients with an indeterminate pulmonary lesion, and potentially in predicting individuals at high risk for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Patz
- From the Departments of Radiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael J. Campa
- From the Departments of Radiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Elizabeth B. Gottlin
- From the Departments of Radiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Irina Kusmartseva
- From the Departments of Radiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Xiang Rong Guan
- From the Departments of Radiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - James E. Herndon
- From the Departments of Radiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Caiazzo RJ, Tassinari OW, Ehrlich JR, Liu BCS. Autoantibody microarrays for biomarker discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2007; 4:261-72. [PMID: 17425461 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Identification of autoantigens and the detection of autoantibody reactivity are useful in biomarker discovery and for explaining the role of important biochemical pathways in disease. Despite all of their potential advantages, the main challenge to working with autoantibodies is their sensitivity. Nevertheless, proteomics may hold the key to overcoming this limitation by providing the means to multiplex. Clearly, the ability to detect multiple autoantigens using a platform such as a high-density antigen microarray would improve sensitivity and specificity of detection for autoantibody profiling. The aims of this review are to: briefly describe the current status of antigen-autoantibody microarrays; provide examples of their use in biomarker discoveries; address current limitations; and provide examples and strategies to facilitate their implementation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Caiazzo
- Harvard Medical School, Molecular Urology Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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