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Qi W, Fu H, Luo X, Ren Y, Liu X, Dai H, Zheng Q, Liang F. Electroacupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan) Attenuates Angina Pectoris in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Alternative Splicing of the Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Receptor GABRG2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1176-1191. [PMID: 35377129 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Angina pectoris is the most common manifestation of coronary heart disease, causing suffering in patients. Electroacupuncture at PC6 can effectively alleviate angina by regulating the expression of genes, whether the alternative splicing (AS) of genes is affected by acupuncture is still unknown. We established a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by coronary artery ligation and confirmed electroacupuncture alleviated the abnormal discharge caused by angina pectoris measured in EMG electromyograms. Analysis of the GSE61840 dataset established that AS events were altered after I/R and regulated by electroacupuncture. I/R decreased the expression of splicing factor Nova1 while electroacupuncture rescued it. Further experiments in dorsal root ganglion cells showed Nova1 regulated the AS of the GABRG2, specifically on its exon 9 where an important phosphorylation site is present. In vivo, results also showed that electroacupuncture can restore AS of GABRG2. Our results proved that electroacupuncture alleviates angina results by regulating alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Qi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongjuan Fu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinye Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanrong Ren
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.,Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.,Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyuan Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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Wen X, Song DX, Li KX, Wang LN, Xiong X, Li HD, Cui CP, Lu XL, Li BY, Liu Y. Ah-type baroreceptor neurons expressing estrogen dependent mGluR7 mediate descending inhibition of cardiac nociception. Neuroscience 2022; 492:18-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wen X, Yu X, Huo R, Yan QX, Wu D, Feng Y, Li Y, Sun X, Li XY, Sun J, Li KX, Li QY, Han LM, Lu XL, Liu Y, Shou W, Li BY. Serotonin-Mediated Cardiac Analgesia via Ah-Type Baroreceptor Activation Contributes to Silent Angina and Asymptomatic Infarction. Neuroscience 2019; 411:150-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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韩 曼, 刘 晓, 杜 剑. [Spinal serotonergic receptor is involved in descending inhibition of cardiac nociception by the lateral reticular nucleus in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1190-1194. [PMID: 28951360 PMCID: PMC6765497 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) in descending inhibition of cardiac nociception in rats and the involvement of spinal serotonergic receptors in the descending inhibition. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely bradykinin (BK) group, BK + glutamate group, BK + methysergide group, BK + glutamate + methysergide group, and BK + glutamate + vehicle group. The rats received glutamate microinjection in the LRN combined with the intrathecal injection of serotonergic receptor antagonist methysergide, and the changes in the cardiacsomatic motor reflex induced by intrapericardial BK injection were monitored by observing electromyogram (EMG) responses of the dorsal spinotrapezius muscle; c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn was also tested. RESULTS Compared with BK group, intra-LRN glutamate administration produced a significant inhibitory effect on intrapericardial BK-induced EMG in a dose-dependent manner, and c-Fos expression was significantly decreased in the spinal dorsal horn (P<0.05). Compared with BK + glutamate group, intrathecal administration of methysergide significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of chemical stimulation of the LRN on intrapericardial BK-induced EMG and increased c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn (P<0.05). Intrathecal administration of the vehicle did not produce any effect on EMG or c-Fos expression (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The serotonergic receptors in the spinal cord are involved in LRN-mediated descending inhibition of cardiac nociception in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 曼 韩
- 陕西中医药大学生理学教研室,陕西 咸阳 712046Department of Physiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - 晓华 刘
- 陕西中医药大学生理学教研室,陕西 咸阳 712046Department of Physiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - 剑青 杜
- 通大学医学部生理学与病理生理学系,陕西 西安 710061Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
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Tang R, Martinez M, Goodman-Keiser M, Farber JP, Qin C, Foreman RD. Comparison of burst and tonic spinal cord stimulation on spinal neural processing in an animal model. Neuromodulation 2013; 17:143-51. [PMID: 24655042 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) using bursts of pulses suppressed neuropathic pain as well or better than tonic stimulation and limited the incidences of parasthesias. The present translational study explored possible differences in mechanisms of burst and tonic SCS on nociceptive spinal networks and/or the gracile nucleus supraspinal relay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Visceromotor reflexes (VMRs, a nociceptive response) or extracellular activity of either L6-S2 spinal neurons or gracile nucleus neurons were recorded during noxious somatic stimulation (pinching) and visceral stimulation (colorectal distension [CRD]) in anesthetized rats. A stimulating (unipolar, ball) electrode at L2-L3 delivered 40 Hz burst or tonic SCS at different intensities relative to motor threshold (MT). RESULTS Average MTs for burst SCS were significantly lower than for tonic SCS. Burst SCS reduced the VMR more than tonic SCS. After high-intensity SCS (90% MT), spinal neuronal responses to CRD and pinch were reduced similarly for burst and tonic SCS. At low-intensity SCS (60% MT), only burst SCS significantly decreased the nociceptive somatic response. Tonic but not burst SCS significantly increased spontaneous activity of neurons in the gracile nucleus. CONCLUSION Based on the clinically relevant burst versus tonic parameters used in this study, burst SCS is more efficacious than tonic SCS in attenuating visceral nociception. Burst and tonic SCS also suppress lumbosacral neuronal responses to noxious somatic and visceral stimuli; however, burst SCS has a greater inhibitory effect on the neuronal response to noxious somatic stimuli than to noxious visceral stimuli. Reduced or abolished paresthesia in patients may be due in part to burst SCS not increasing spontaneous activity of neurons in the gracile nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rurong Tang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Han M, Liu XH, Sun N, Du JQ, Zhu JX, Li Q, Tang JS. Lateral reticular nucleus modulates the cardiosomatic reflex evoked by intrapericardial capsaicin in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1511-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine; Yanta Road W. 76# Xi'an; Shaanxi; 710061; PR China
| | - Jian-Qing Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine; Yanta Road W. 76# Xi'an; Shaanxi; 710061; PR China
| | - Juan-Xia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine; Yanta Road W. 76# Xi'an; Shaanxi; 710061; PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine; Yanta Road W. 76# Xi'an; Shaanxi; 710061; PR China
| | - Jing-Shi Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine; Yanta Road W. 76# Xi'an; Shaanxi; 710061; PR China
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Liu XH, Han M, Zhu JX, Sun N, Tang JS, Huo FQ, Li J, Xu FY, Du JQ. Metabotropic glutamate subtype 7 and 8 receptors oppositely modulate cardiac nociception in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius. Neuroscience 2012; 220:322-9. [PMID: 22617702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent study from our laboratory has indicated that microinjection of glutamate into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) facilitates the cardiac-somatic reflex induced by pericardial capsaicin. Further, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) mediate this function. However, the roles of the individual receptor subtypes or subunits in modulating cardiac nociception are unknown. Among the three groups of mGluRs, group III mGluRs are the primary mGluR subtype expressed in visceral afferent neurons in the NTS. The present study examined the roles of group III mGluRs and their subtype 7 and 8 receptors (mGluR7 and mGluR8) in modulating the cardiac-somatic reflex induced by pericardial capsaicin, which was monitored by recording electromyogram (EMG) activity from the spinotrapezius muscle in anesthetized rats. Intra-NTS microinjection of a group III mGluR agonist, l-(+)-2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (l-AP4, at 1, 10, and 20 nmol) or a selective mGluR7 agonist, N,N'-diphenylmethyl-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride (AMN082, at 1, 2, and 4 nmol) both decreased the EMG response in a dose-dependent manner. This decrease was inhibited by the group III mGluR antagonist (RS)-α-Methylserine-O-phosphate (MSOP, at 20 nmol). In contrast, intra-NTS microinjection of a selective mGluR8 agonist, (S)-3, 4-dicarboxyphenylglycine (DCPG, at 6 and 8 nmol), significantly increased the EMG response above control levels. This effect was eliminated by intra-NTS MSOP and by vagal deafferentation. These data suggest that group III mGluRs and mGluR7 in the NTS display an inhibitory effect, while mGluR8 displays a facilitatory effect in modulating cardiac nociception, and this facilitatory effect is dependent on vagal afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Yanta Road W. 76#, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Liu XH, Sun N, Du JQ, Tang JS, Han M, Zhu JX, Huo FQ. Chemical lesioning and glutamate administration reveal a major role for the nucleus tractus solitarius in the cardiac-somatic reflex in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 207:326-32. [PMID: 22326452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many patients suffer from secondary muscle hyperalgesia after experiencing angina pectoris. In this study, we examined the role of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and glutamate receptors in modulating cardiac-evoked muscle hyperalgesia induced by pericardial capsaicin, which was monitored by recording electromyogram (EMG) activity from the spinotrapezius muscle in the anesthetized rat. Unilateral chemical lesioning of the commissural NTS with the neurotoxin ibotenic acid significantly depressed the cardiac-somatic reflex; the EMG responses decreased to 56.4 ± 6.9% of that of the controls (5 of 5). Microinjection of the excitatory amino acid glutamate, at 10, 20, and 50 nmol, into the commissural NTS increased the EMG response, in a dose-dependent manner, to 116.9 ± 4.9%, 143.9 ± 10.2%, and 214.2 ± 15.8% (n=8), respectively, of that of the controls. In contrast, microinjection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a, d]-cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) at 4 and 6 nmol, decreased the EMG response to 45.2 ± 10.6% and 36.8 ± 14.3%, respectively, of that of the controls (n=8 for each dose). Similarly, the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist (RS)-a-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), at 2.5 and 5 nmol, decreased the EMG response to 65.2 ± 16.3% and 57.0 ± 4.2%, respectively, of that of the controls. When a combination of MK-801 and MCPG was administrated, the EMG response further decreased to 22.5 ± 13.2% (n=6) of that of the controls. However, administration of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6, 7-dinitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (DNQX), at 2 and 5 nmol, had no effect on the EMG response. These results suggest that the NTS is involved in the facilitation of the cardiac-somatic reflex, and that the NMDA receptor and mGluRs play an important role in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 76# Yanta Road W, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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Sun N, Liu XH, Du JQ, Zhu JX, Tang JS, Li Q. Rostroventral medulla-mediated biphasic modulation of the rat cardiosomatic motor reflex. Neuroscience 2011; 185:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu XH, Qin C, Du JQ, Xu Y, Sun N, Tang JS, Li Q, Foreman RD. Diabetic rats show reduced cardiac–somatic reflex evoked by intrapericardial capsaicin. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 651:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dai RP, Xu JM, Tao LJ, Li L, Li ZP, Zhang JY. Induction of tumor necrosis-alpha, p38 and JNK in the spinal cord following acute heart injury in the rat model. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:365-71. [PMID: 17257180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still not known whether the spinal cytokine signaling pathways are involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of the acute phase of heart disease. This study examines the expression pattern of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its two related mitogenic-activated protein kinases, p38 and Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), in the spinal cord in response to acute cardiac injury (ACI). METHODS The ACI rat model was established by intra-myocardial injection of formalin. At the indicated times after the establishment of ACI, the thoracic segments of the spinal cord were harvested and Western blot was performed to determine the expression of TNF-alpha, p38 and JNK. The localization of the cytokine and the kinases was determined by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. RESULTS In response to ACI, TNF-alpha protein was up-regulated and reached a peak level at 6 h after ACI. The up-regulated TNF-alpha was distributed in all the laminae in the spinal cord and mainly localized in the neurons, as determined by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. In response to ACI, p38 and JNK were also up-regulated in the spinal cord. The expression profiles of p38 and JNK were similar to that of activated TNF-alpha following ACI. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that cardiac injury can induce the activation of spinal TNF-alpha, p38 and JNK. The activated spinal cytokine signaling may contribute to disease progression in the acute phase of cardiac injury in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-P Dai
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Jou CJ, Farber JP, Qin C, Foreman RD. Convergent pathways for cardiac- and esophageal-somatic motor reflexes in rats. Auton Neurosci 2003; 99:70-7. [PMID: 12241090 DOI: 10.1016/s1566-0702(02)00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chest pain of esophageal and cardiac origin is often difficult to distinguish due to similar sensations and localization. We have shown that spasm-like contractions of the spinotrapezius muscles evoked by noxious cardiac stimulation could potentially sensitize muscle afferent fibers and produce angina-like referred pain. In this study, we proposed that a similar type of spinotrapezius contraction evoked by esophageal stimulation could produce nociceptive responses with similar quality and localization as evoked by cardiac stimulation. An objective of this study was to show convergence of pathways to the spinotrapezius muscles by measuring electromyographic (EMG) activity between the cardiac- and esophageal-motor reflexes. We also investigated afferent pathways of esophageal-motor reflexes by disrupting or activating the left sympathetic chain and vagus nerves; these pathways form the afferent limbs of the cardiac-motor reflexes. Results showed that more than 95% of animals responding to noxious cardiac stimulation also responded to esophageal distension. Transection of the left sympathetic chain to reduce upper thoracic visceral afferent innervation significantly decreased cardiac-evoked EMG activity or total motor unit potentials (t-MUP). In contrast, however, the transection did not significantly decrease t-MUP evoked by esophageal distension. Bilateral vagotomy and vagal afferent stimulation increased and decreased the cardiac-evoked t-MUP, respectively. However, the same vagal manipulations did not influence t-MUP evoked by esophageal distension. This study demonstrated that the spinotrapezius muscle could be activated by noxious stimulation of two different visceral organs. The spinotrapezius muscle contractions evoked by esophageal distension are produced in part by activation of esophageal afferent fibers found in upper thoracic sympathetic nerves, but not by activation of the vagus nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jerry Jou
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK 73190, USA
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