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Tang C, Sun H, Kadoki M, Han W, Ye X, Makusheva Y, Deng J, Feng B, Qiu D, Tan Y, Wang X, Guo Z, Huang C, Peng S, Chen M, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Trombetta S, Iwakura Y. Blocking Dectin-1 prevents colorectal tumorigenesis by suppressing prostaglandin E2 production in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhancing IL-22 binding protein expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1493. [PMID: 36932082 PMCID: PMC10023663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 (gene Clec7a), a receptor for β-glucans, plays important roles in the host defense against fungi and immune homeostasis of the intestine. Although this molecule is also suggested to be involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, the role in intestinal tumor development remains to be elucidated. In this study, we find that azoxymethane-dextran-sodium-sulfate-induced and ApcMin-induced intestinal tumorigenesis are suppressed in Clec7a-/- mice independently from commensal microbiota. Dectin-1 is preferentially expressed on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In the Clec7a-/- mouse colon, the proportion of MDSCs and MDSC-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels are reduced, while the expression of IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP; gene Il22ra2) is upregulated. Dectin-1 signaling induces PGE2-synthesizing enzymes and PGE2 suppresses Il22ra2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Administration of short chain β-glucan laminarin, an antagonist of Dectin-1, suppresses the development of mouse colorectal tumors. Furthermore, in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the expression of CLEC7A is also observed in MDSCs and correlated with the death rate and tumor severity. Dectin-1 signaling upregulates PGE2-synthesizing enzyme expression and PGE2 suppresses IL22RA2 expression in human CRC-infiltrating cells. These observations indicate a role of the Dectin-1-PGE2-IL-22BP axis in regulating intestinal tumorigenesis, suggesting Dectin-1 as a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
| | - Haiyang Sun
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kadoki
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Wei Han
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Xiaoqi Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yulia Makusheva
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Jianping Deng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ding Qiu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zehao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chanyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Sergio Trombetta
- Boehringer Ingelheim USA, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
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Abstract
Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that show complex life cycles, including both anamorph and teleomorph stages. Beta-1,3-1,6-glucans (BGs) are major cell wall components in fungi. BGs are also found in a soluble form and are secreted by fungal cells. Studies of fungal BGs extensively expanded from 1960 to 1990 due to their applications in cancer immunotherapy. However, progress in this field slowed down due to the low efficacy of such therapies. In the early 21st century, the discovery of C-type lectin receptors significantly enhanced the molecular understanding of innate immunity. Moreover, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were also discovered. Soon, dectin-1 was identified as the PRR of BGs, whereas BGs were established as PAMPs. Then, studies on fungal BGs focused on their participation in the development of deep-seated mycoses and on their role as a source of functional foods. Fungal BGs may have numerous and complex linkages, making it difficult to systematize them even at the primary structure level. Moreover, elucidating the structure of BGs is largely hindered by the multiplicity of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including those for BGs, and by fungal diversity. The present review mainly focused on the characteristics of fungal BGs from the viewpoint of structure and immunological activities.
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Omara II, Pender CM, White MB, Dalloul RA. The Modulating Effect of Dietary Beta-Glucan Supplementation on Expression of Immune Response Genes of Broilers during a Coccidiosis Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010159. [PMID: 33445562 PMCID: PMC7827683 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian coccidiosis is the leading parasitic disease in the poultry industry and means to control its damages continue to be explored. This study evaluated the feeding effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan on expression of immune response genes in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of commercial broiler chickens during an Eimeria challenge. The study consisted of two dietary treatments (0% or 0.1% β-glucan) each with or without a coccidiosis challenge. There were significant effects from dietary β-glucan, Eimeria challenge, and their interaction for several gene targets in the spleen, thymus, and bursa on days 10 and 14 of age. Based on the current results, supplementation of dietary β-glucan in Eimeria-challenged birds enhanced and modulated the expression of immune response genes during coccidiosis. Abstract This study investigated the effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan (Auxoferm YGT) supplementation on mRNA expression of immune response genes in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of broiler chickens during a mixed Eimeria infection. Day (d)-old chicks (n = 1440) were fed diets containing 0% or 0.1% YGT. On d 8 post-hatch, half the replicate pens (n = 8) were challenged with a mixed inoculum of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. On d 10 and d 14 post-hatch, the spleen, thymus, and bursa were collected to evaluate mRNA abundance by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX model (2-way interaction) and differences were established by LS-MEANS with significance reported at p ≤ 0.05. In spleen tissues at d 10, expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in both 0.1% YGT-fed challenged and non-challenged birds. In thymus tissues at d 14, expression of IL-10, IL-17F, interferon (IFN)-γ, iNOS, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were elevated in challenged birds fed 0.1% YGT. In bursal tissues at d 10 and d 14, expression of IL-10, IFN-γ, iNOS (d 10 only), and MIF were elevated in 0.1% YGT-fed challenged and non-challenged birds. Dietary β-glucan supplementation to chicken diets modulated their immune response to the Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam I. Omara
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
- Animal and Poultry Division, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Chasity M. Pender
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Mallory B. White
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Rami A. Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence:
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Liu C, Cheung PCK. Structure and Immunomodulatory Activity of Microparticulate Mushroom Sclerotial β-Glucan Prepared from Polyporus rhinocerus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9070-9078. [PMID: 31343168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an immunologically active novel microparticulate mushroom β-glucan (PRA-1p) was prepared using an alkali-soluble glucan PRA-1 by an emulsification and cross-linking method. PRA-1 was a hyperbranched (1→3),(1→6)-β-d-glucan with a degree of branching of 0.89, isolated from the sclerotia of Polyporus rhinocerus. PRA-1 had a rod-like conformation, while PRA-1p exhibited a monodisperse and homogeneous spherical conformation with a diameter ranging from 0.3 to 2.0 μm in water. PRA-1p significantly induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production as well as morphological changes of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) and upregulated their phagocytic activity. Furthermore, PRA-1p treatment markedly enhanced the secretion of cytokines, including cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine 27, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Activation of RAW 264.7 cells triggered by PRA-1p was associated with activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and protein kinase B. This work suggests that novel PRA-1p derived from the mushroom sclerotia of P. rhinocerus has potential application as an immunostimulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , People's Republic of China
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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Maruyama K, Takayama Y, Kondo T, Ishibashi KI, Sahoo BR, Kanemaru H, Kumagai Y, Martino MM, Tanaka H, Ohno N, Iwakura Y, Takemura N, Tominaga M, Akira S. Nociceptors Boost the Resolution of Fungal Osteoinflammation via the TRP Channel-CGRP-Jdp2 Axis. Cell Rep 2017; 19:2730-2742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Inoue K, Takano H, Oda T, Yanagisawa R, Tamura H, Ohno N, Adachi Y, Ishibashi K, Yoshikawa T. Candida Soluble Cell Wall β-D-Glucan Induces Lung Inflammation in Mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:499-508. [PMID: 17880763 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity of cell wall component(s) of fungi has not been fully elucidated, especially in vivo. We isolated Candida soluble beta-D-glucan (CSBG) from Candida albicans (C. albicans). We investigated the effects of airway exposure to CSBG on the immune systems in the airways in mice. CSBG exposure induced neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation in the lung, which was concomitant with the increased local expression of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor - α, interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein -1 α, macrophage chemoattractant protein -1, RANTES (regulated on activation and normal T cells expressed and secreted), and eotaxin. The lung inflammation with enhanced expression of proinflammatory proteins caused by CSBG was directly related to its structure, since structurally degraded products of CSBG by formic acid induced negligible responses in the lung. CSBG enhanced nuclear localization of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 in the lung. These results suggest that airway exposure to CSBG induces lung inflammation, at least partly, via the enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of STAT-6 pathway, and can be a proper murine model for fungal lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yoshida K, Renard-Guillet C, Inoue K, Shirahige K, Okada-Hatakeyama M, Ishii S. Microarray expression analysis of genes involved in innate immune memory in peritoneal macrophages. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 7:90-1. [PMID: 26981372 PMCID: PMC4778626 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory has been believed to be a feature of the adaptive immune system for long period, but recent reports suggest that the innate immune system also exhibits memory-like reaction. Although evidence of innate immune memory is accumulating, no in vivo experimental data has clearly implicated a molecular mechanism, or even a cell-type, for this phenomenon. In this study of data deposited into Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under GSE71111, we analyzed the expression profile of peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice pre-administrated with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, mimicking pathogen infection. In these macrophages, increased expression of a group of innate immunity-related genes was sustained over a long period of time, and these genes overlapped with ATF7-regulated genes. We conclude that ATF7 plays an important role in innate immune memory in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), RIKEN Tsukuba institute, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Claire Renard-Guillet
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), RIKEN Tsukuba institute, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
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Suppression of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by soluble β-glucan due to a failure of PKC-βII translocation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 31:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yoshida K, Maekawa T, Zhu Y, Renard-Guillet C, Chatton B, Inoue K, Uchiyama T, Ishibashi KI, Yamada T, Ohno N, Shirahige K, Okada-Hatakeyama M, Ishii S. The transcription factor ATF7 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced epigenetic changes in macrophages involved in innate immunological memory. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:1034-43. [PMID: 26322480 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is thought to be mediated exclusively by lymphocytes. However, enhanced innate immune responses caused by a previous infection increase protection against reinfection, which suggests the presence of innate immunological memory. Here we identified an important role for the stress-response transcription factor ATF7 in innate immunological memory. ATF7 suppressed a group of genes encoding factors involved in innate immunity in macrophages by recruiting the histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase G9a. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide, which mimics bacterial infection, induced phosphorylation of ATF7 via the kinase p38, which led to the release of ATF7 from chromatin and a decrease in repressive histone H3K9me2 marks. A partially disrupted chromatin structure and increased basal expression of target genes were maintained for long periods, which enhanced resistance to pathogens. ATF7 might therefore be important in controlling memory in cells of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshio Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Claire Renard-Guillet
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeru Uchiyama
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy &Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy &Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CREST Research Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Du B, Lin C, Bian Z, Xu B. An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of fungal beta-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Hida S, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohno N. β-Glucan Derived from Zymosan Acts as an Adjuvant for Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 50:453-61. [PMID: 16785717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has helped researchers to analyze the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. In classical CIA, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), which contains heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is used as an adjuvant. In our previous study, we reported that particles of beta-glucan, OX-CA, derived from Candida albicans, acted as a proper adjuvant in the CIA model. In this study, to establish pure beta-glucan as an adjuvant for CIA, we tested a commercially available preparation of Zymosan A (ZYM) and modified its products. beta-Glucan fractions of ZYM were prepared by oxidation with various concentrations of NaClO. The oxidized ZYM (OX-ZYM) was mainly composed of beta-glucan. In this study, we examined its effect as an adjuvant for CIA. DBA/1 mice injected with CII and OX-CA developed arthritis 7-10 days after receiving booster injections; the OX-ZYM fractions induced arthritis with the same time course. 0.01% OX-ZYM (oxidized with a 0.01% NaClO solution) caused arthritis faster than 0.1% OX-ZYM or 0.5% OX-ZYM. In conclusion, beta-glucan derived from ZYM by brief oxidation with NaClO is a suitable adjuvant for a CIA model with anti-CII antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hida
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Samuelsen ABC, Schrezenmeir J, Knutsen SH. Effects of orally administered yeast-derived beta-glucans: a review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:183-93. [PMID: 24019098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Yeast-derived beta-glucans (Y-BG) are considered immunomodulatory compounds suggested to enhance the defense against infections and exert anticarcinogenic effects. Specific preparations have received Generally Recognized as Safe status and acceptance as novel food ingredients by European Food Safety Authority. In human trials, orally administered Y-BG significantly reduced the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in individuals susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections, whereas significant differences were not seen in healthy individuals. Increased salivary IgA in healthy individuals, increased IL-10 levels in obese subjects, beneficial changes in immunological parameters in allergic patients, and activated monocytes in cancer patients have been reported following Y-BG intake. The studies were conducted with different doses (7.5-1500 mg/day), using different preparations that vary in their primary structure, molecular weight, and solubility. In animal models, oral Y-BG have reduced the incidence of bacterial infections and levels of stress-induced cytokines and enhanced antineoplastic effects of cytotoxic agents. Protective effects toward drug intoxication and ischemia/reperfusion injury have also been reported. In conclusion, additional studies following good clinical practice principles are needed in which well-defined Y-BG preparations are used and immune markers and disease endpoints are assessed. Since optimal dosing may depend on preparation characteristics, dose-response curves might be assessed to find the optimal dose for a specific preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Berit C Samuelsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jawhara S, Habib K, Maggiotto F, Pignede G, Vandekerckove P, Maes E, Dubuquoy L, Fontaine T, Guerardel Y, Poulain D. Modulation of intestinal inflammation by yeasts and cell wall extracts: strain dependence and unexpected anti-inflammatory role of glucan fractions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40648. [PMID: 22848391 PMCID: PMC3407157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts and their glycan components can have a beneficial or adverse effect on intestinal inflammation. Previous research has shown that the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Sb) reduces intestinal inflammation and colonization by Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to identify dietary yeasts, which have comparable effects to the anti-C. albicans and anti-inflammatory properties of Sb and to assess the capabilities of yeast cell wall components to modulate intestinal inflammation. Mice received a single oral challenge of C. albicans and were then given 1.5% dextran-sulphate-sodium (DSS) for 2 weeks followed by a 3-day restitution period. S. cerevisiae strains (Sb, Sc1 to Sc4), as well as mannoprotein (MP) and β-glucan crude fractions prepared from Sc2 and highly purified β-glucans prepared from C. albicans were used in this curative model, starting 3 days after C. albicans challenge. Mice were assessed for the clinical, histological and inflammatory responses related to DSS administration. Strain Sc1-1 gave the same level of protection against C. albicans as Sb when assessed by mortality, clinical scores, colonization levels, reduction of TNFα and increase in IL-10 transcription. When Sc1-1 was compared with the other S. cerevisiae strains, the preparation process had a strong influence on biological activity. Interestingly, some S. cerevisiae strains dramatically increased mortality and clinical scores. Strain Sc4 and MP fraction favoured C. albicans colonization and inflammation, whereas β-glucan fraction was protective against both. Surprisingly, purified β-glucans from C. albicans had the same protective effect. Thus, some yeasts appear to be strong modulators of intestinal inflammation. These effects are dependent on the strain, species, preparation process and cell wall fraction. It was striking that β-glucan fractions or pure β-glucans from C. albicans displayed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect in the DSS model.
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Inoue KI, Takano H, Koike E, Yanagisawa R, Oda T, Tamura H, Adachi Y, Ishibashi KI, Ohno N. Candida soluble cell wall beta-glucan facilitates ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice: Possible role of antigen-presenting cells. Respir Res 2009; 10:68. [PMID: 19619338 PMCID: PMC2731726 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although fungi have been implicated as initiating/deteriorating factors for allergic asthma, their contributing components have not been fully elucidated. We previously isolated soluble beta-glucan from Candida albicans (CSBG) (Ohno et al., 2007). In the present study, the effects of CSBG exposure on airway immunopathology in the presence or absence of other immunogenic allergen was investigated in vivo, and their cellular mechanisms were analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In vivo, ICR mice were divided into 4 experimental groups: vehicle, CSBG (25 microg/animal), ovalbumin (OVA: 2 microg/animal), and CSBG + OVA were repeatedly administered intratracheally. The bronchoalveolar lavage cellular profile, lung histology, levels of cytokines and chemokines in the lung homogenates, the expression pattern of antigen-presenting cell (APC)-related molecules in the lung digests, and serum immunoglobulin values were studied. In vitro, the impacts of CSBG (0-12.5 microg/ml) on the phenotype and function of immune cells such as splenocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were evaluated in terms of cell proliferation, the surface expression of APC-related molecules, and OVA-mediated T-cell proliferating activity. RESULTS In vivo, repeated pulmonary exposure to CSBG induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in the absence of OVA, and markedly exacerbated OVA-related eosinophilic airway inflammation with mucus metaplasia in mice, which was concomitant with the amplified lung expression of Th2 cytokines and IL-17A and chemokines related to allergic response. Exposure to CSBG plus OVA increased the number of cells bearing MHC class II with or without CD80 in the lung compared to that of others. In vitro, CSBG significantly augmented splenocyte proliferation in the presence or absence of OVA. Further, CSBG increased the expression of APC-related molecules such as CD80, CD86, and DEC205 on BMDCs and amplified OVA-mediated T-cell proliferation through BMDCs. CONCLUSION CSBG potentiates allergic airway inflammation with maladaptive Th immunity, and this potentiation was associated with the enhanced activation of APCs including DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Inoue
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Eiko Koike
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagisawa
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Toshio Oda
- Seikagaku Biobusiness Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan
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15
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Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Beta-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates. Crit Rev Microbiol 2009; 35:109-38. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410902753746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen J. Comment on: Dietary supplementation with laminarin, a fermentable marine β (1–3) glucan, protects against hepatotoxicity induced by LPS in rat by modulating immune response in the hepatic tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:514-5; discussion 516-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Ikeda Y, Adachi Y, Ishii T, Miura N, Tamura H, Ohno N. Dissociation of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated innate immune response to Zymosan by organic solvent-treatment without loss of Dectin-1 reactivity. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:13-8. [PMID: 18175935 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zymosan activates phagocytes through the innate immune system and causes inflammatory responses in animals. Because of the complexity of the active substances included in Zymosan preparations, simplifying the active moiety actually responsible for innate immune recognition is needed. One way to remove possible active substances from commercially available Zymosan preparations is to wash then with pyrogen-free water to obtain a ZWIS (Zymosan water insoluble fraction), ethanol insoluble (EtIS), or chloroform/methanol insoluble (CMIS) preparation. The effects of various washed Zymosan preparations on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and binding to beta-glucan recognition protein were examined. Significant NF-kappaB activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-expressing HEK293 cells and enhanced NF-kappaB activity via the co-expression of TLR2 and Dectin-1, a functional beta-glucan receptor, was only observed in response to ZWIS. However, the ability of Zymosan preparations to bind Dectin-1 protein was not altered even after treatment with the organic solvents by which the TLR2-mediated NF-kappaB activity was abolished. Another NF-kappaB activation pathway involving CARD9/Bcl10 was triggered by these Zymosan preparations in the presence of Dectin-1. The results suggest that the beta-glucan-dependent characteristics of Zymosan were not affected by the washing with chloroform/methanol or ethanol, and that TLR2-mediated activity was easily eliminated with these organic solvents. This treatment might be useful for distinguishing natural ligands for TLR2 and beta-glucan receptors when studying the innate immune response to fungal macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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18
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Hida S, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N. Cell Wall .BETA.-Glucan Derived from Candida albicans Acts as a Trigger for Autoimmune Arthritis in SKG Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1589-92. [PMID: 17666828 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SKG mice are a recently established experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although they spontaneously develop chronic autoimmune arthritis under conventional conditions, SKG mice failed to develop chronic arthritis in a strictly controlled specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment. Beta-glucan (BG) from Laminaria digitata, laminarin (LAM), induced arthritis under SPF conditions, thus BG would be a pathogenic factor for arthritis in SKG mice. Therefore, we prepared BG from Candida albicans, a pathogenic fungus and investigated whether BG from C. albicans induced arthritis in SKG mice under SPF conditions. SKG mice were injected intraperitoneally with particulate BG (oxidative-Candida albicans (OX-CA)), soluble BG (Candida soluble beta-glucan (CSBG)) from C. albicans and LAM as a positive control. In addition, schizophyllan (SPG) from Schizophyllum commune or Mycobacterium whole cells were injected into SKG mice to induce arthritis. Mice injected with OX-CA, CSBG and SPG had more severe arthritis than with LAM, and whole Mycobacterium cells. IL-6 concentration in sera from SKG mice injected with OX-CA or CSBG was high, whereas not detected in sera from mice treated with LAM. In histological analysis, infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in SKG mice injected with BG. These results suggest that fungal infection may be a factor to induce and exacerbate autoimmune diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hida
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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19
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Saijo S, Fujikado N, Furuta T, Chung SH, Kotaki H, Seki K, Sudo K, Akira S, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Kinjo T, Nakamura K, Kawakami K, Iwakura Y. Dectin-1 is required for host defense against Pneumocystis carinii but not against Candida albicans. Nat Immunol 2006; 8:39-46. [PMID: 17159982 DOI: 10.1038/ni1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dectin-1 is a C-type lectin involved in the recognition of beta-glucans found in the cell walls of fungi. We generated dectin-1-deficient mice to determine the importance of dectin-1 in the defense against pathogenic fungi. In vitro, beta-glucan-induced cytokine production from wild-type dendritic cells and macrophages was abolished in cells homozygous for dectin-1 deficiency ('dectin-1-knockout' cells). In vivo, dectin-1-knockout mice were more susceptible than wild-type mice to pneumocystis infection, even though their cytokine production was normal. However, pneumocystis-infected dectin-1-knockout macrophages did show defective production of reactive oxygen species. In contrast to those results, wild-type and dectin-1-knockout mice were equally susceptible to candida infection. Thus, dectin-1 is required for immune responses to some fungal infections, as protective immunity to pneumocystis, but not to candida, required dectin-1 for the production of antifungal reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Saijo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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20
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Olsson S, Sundler R. The macrophage beta-glucan receptor mediates arachidonate release induced by zymosan: essential role for Src family kinases. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:1509-15. [PMID: 17084455 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yeast-derived zymosan beads are among the classical agents used to induce sterile inflammatory responses in experimental animals and macrophage activation in cell culture. In macrophages the cytosolic phospholipase A2 becomes activated, leading to mobilization of arachidonate and the generation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Although zymosan can interact with several receptors it has not been unequivocally demonstrated which interaction is required for induction of the eicosanoid response. We have compared arachidonate release induced in primary mouse macrophages by zymosan and particulate beta-glucan and found striking similarities. The similarities include the effects of dectin-1 antagonists (soluble beta-glucan and laminarin) and of inhibitors of Src family kinases, the Tec kinase Btk, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the Map kinases ERK and p38. Furthermore, particulate beta-glucan was equally effective as zymosan in causing phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma2, arguing that both agents act via the beta-glucan receptor dectin-1 and that the above signal components are engaged down-stream of that receptor. Suggestive evidence for a role of the scaffold adaptor Gab2 is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Olsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, B12, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Zeković DB, Kwiatkowski S, Vrvić MM, Jakovljević D, Moran CA. Natural and modified (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in health promotion and disease alleviation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2006; 25:205-30. [PMID: 16419618 DOI: 10.1080/07388550500376166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of polysaccharides with beta-glycosidic linkage are widespread in nature in a variety of sources. All have a common structure and the (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan backbone is essential. They have attracted attention over the years because of their bioactive and medicinal properties. In many cases their functional role is a mystery, in others it is well established. Because of their insoluble chemical nature, particulate (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans are not suitable for many medical applications. Various methods of changing or modifying the beta-D-glucan chemical structure and transforming it to a soluble form have been published. The beta-D-glucan bioactive properties can be affected positively or negatively by such modifications. This review examines beta-glucan sources in nature, health effects and structure-activity relationships. It presents the current state of beta-D-glucan solubilization methods and discusses their effectiveness and application possibilities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje B Zeković
- Alltech's North American Bioscience Center, 3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
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22
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Beijer L, Rylander R. (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan does not induce acute inflammation after nasal deposition. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005:50-2. [PMID: 15770066 PMCID: PMC1150332 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess if (1→3)-β-D-glucan, a microbial
cell wall agent normally present in pollen, has the ability to
produce pollenlike response, sensitive persons received a nasal
deposition of two doses of (1→3)-β-D-glucan.
The percentage of eosinophils and amount of eotaxin were measured
in nasal lavage 30 minutes and 24 hours after challenge. No
effect could be demonstrated. The absence of an inflammatory
response after (1→3)-β-D-glucan application
confirms earlier findings in inhalation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Beijer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - R. Rylander
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- * R. Rylander;
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23
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Hida S, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N. Effect of Candida albicans cell wall glucan as adjuvant for induction of autoimmune arthritis in mice. J Autoimmun 2005; 25:93-101. [PMID: 16242302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has aided research into the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. Typically, Type II collagen (CII) emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) is injected into DBA/1 mice. After a booster injection, the mice develop inflammation of the paws. But the fact that the immunization of CII alone does not induce arthritis suggests that activation of the immune system by an adjuvant is necessary for induction of the arthritis. In the present study, we investigated the ability of beta-glucans derived from Candida albicans to act as an adjuvant to induce autoimmune arthritis. DBA/1 mice were injected with CII emulsified with FCA or particulate beta-glucan, OX-CA, on day 0 and given a booster at day 21. Mice immunized with CII plus OX-CA developed arthritis at around 7-10 days after the booster injection. Similarly, mice administered CII emulsified with FCA developed arthritis with the same time course. The mice immunized with CII and OX-CA had a more severe arthritis than those immunized with CII and FCA. Histological changes and production of anti-CII antibody were observed regardless of the type of injection. In addition, components of C. albicans were also tested for their ability to induce arthritis as an adjuvant. The results showed that CSBG, which is a soluble beta-glucan, acted as an adjuvant for CIA but CAWS, which is a mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex, did not. In conclusion, beta-glucan derived from C. albicans acted as an adjuvant and the injection with CII resulted in arthritis with the production of anti-CII autoantibody. The results strongly suggested that fungal metabolites such as beta-glucans have the capacity to induce and exacerbate autoimmune diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hida
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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24
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Matsumoto Y, Dogru M, Goto E, Fujishima H, Tsubota K. Successful Topical Application of a New Antifungal Agent, Micafungin, in the Treatment of Refractory Fungal Corneal Ulcers. Cornea 2005; 24:748-53. [PMID: 16015098 DOI: 10.1097/01.ico.0000154390.28254.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the efficacy of topical application of a new antifungal agent, micafungin (MCFG), in the treatment of yeast-related corneal ulcers. DESIGN Noncomparative interventional case reports. PARTICIPANTS Three patients with yeast-related corneal ulcer after keratoplasty recalcitrant to conventional antifungal treatment for 4 weeks were recruited in this study. METHODS Topical 0.1% antifungal MCFG eye drops were applied in 3 patients with yeast-related corneal ulcer every hour while awake until epithelialization. After epithelialization, the frequency of eye drops was reduced to 5 times a day. MCFG eye drops were discontinued 1 month after the disappearance of stromal infiltration in each case. The patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements, slit-lamp examination, fluorescein-dye staining, and anterior segment photography. Corneal scrapings and cultures of surgical materials were also performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in ulcer size, stromal infiltration, fluorescein dye staining, and BCVA were looked for. RESULTS All corneal ulcers epithelialized within 14 days after commencement of application of 0.1% MCFG eye drops. Yeasts were detected from corneal smears in all eyes. Two cases revealed positive culture isolates for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. No recurrence of fungal keratitis was observed in any of the cases throughout the follow-up periods. CONCLUSION Topical 0.1% MCFG eye drops seem to be an effective and a promising option in the treatment of refractory yeast-related corneal ulcers.
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25
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Ishibashi KI, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Ohno N. The solubilization and biological activities ofAspergillusβ-(1â3)-d-glucan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 42:155-66. [PMID: 15364099 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Revised: 04/03/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the cell wall beta-glucan of Candida albicans could be solubilized by sodium hypochlorite, followed by dimethylsulfoxide-extraction (NaClO-DMSO method). In this study, applying this method to Aspergillus spp., we prepared mycelial cell wall beta-glucan and examined its physical properties and immunotoxicological activity. The acetone-dried mycelia of Aspergillus spp. were oxidized by the NaClO-DMSO method. An analysis of (13)C NMR spectra revealed the preparations to be composed of alpha-(1 --> 3) and beta-(1 --> 3)-D-glucan. Also, the proportion of alpha-(1 --> 3) and beta-(1 --> 3)-D-glucan varied. Furthermore, a solubilized Aspergillus beta-glucan (ASBG) was prepared from OX-Asp by urea-autoclave treatment. ASBG showed limulus activity similar to Candida solubilized beta-glucan (CSBG), and there was little difference in the activity of ASBG between various Aspergillus spp. ASBG affected the production of IL-8 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). ASBG should be useful for analyzing the clinical role of beta-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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26
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Pelizon AC, Kaneno R, Soares AM, Meira DA, Sartori A. Down-modulation of lymphoproliferation and interferon-gamma production by beta-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 98:1083-7. [PMID: 15049094 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-glucan, one of the major cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been found to enhance immune functions. This study investigated in vivo and in vitro effects of beta-glucan on lymphoproliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by splenic cells from C57BL/6 female mice. All experiments were performed with particulate beta-glucan derived from S. cerevisiae. Data demonstrated that both, i.p. administration of particulate beta-glucan (20 or 100 micrograms/animal) and in vitro stimulation of splenic cells (20 or 100 micrograms/ml of culture) decreased lymphoproliferation and IFN-gamma production induced by concanavalin A. These results suggest that beta-glucan can trigger a down-modulatory effect regulating a deleterious immune system hyperactivity in the presence of a strong stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pelizon
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências da Unesp, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
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27
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Masuoka J. Surface glycans of Candida albicans and other pathogenic fungi: physiological roles, clinical uses, and experimental challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17:281-310. [PMID: 15084502 PMCID: PMC387410 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.17.2.281-310.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fungi have always been with us as commensals and pathogens, fungal infections have been increasing in frequency over the past few decades. There is a growing body of literature describing the involvement of carbohydrate groups in various aspects of fungal disease. Carbohydrates comprising the cell wall or capsule, or as a component of glycoproteins, are the fungal cell surface entities most likely to be exposed to the surrounding environment. Thus, the fungus-host interaction is likely to involve carbohydrates before DNA, RNA, or even protein. The interaction between fungal and host cells is also complex, and early studies using whole cells or crude cell fractions often produced seemingly conflicting results. What was needed, and what has been developing, is the ability to identify specific glycan structures and determine how they interact with immune system components. Carbohydrate analysis is complicated by the complexity of glycan structures and by the challenges of separating and detecting carbohydrates experimentally. Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have enabled us to move from the foundation of composition analysis to more rapid characterization of specific structures. This, in turn, will lead to a greater understanding of how fungi coexist with their hosts as commensals or exist in conflict as pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Masuoka
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0904, USA.
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28
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Ishibashi KI, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ogura N, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Ohno N. DNA array analysis of altered gene expression in human leukocytes stimulated with soluble and particulate forms of Candida cell wall β-glucan. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:387-401. [PMID: 15037216 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2003] [Revised: 06/10/2003] [Accepted: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 1,3-beta-d-glucan derived from Candida albicans, a pathogenic fungus was obtained by oxidation of the cell wall with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). It could be solubilized by treatment with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). We found that OX-CA and CSBG showed significantly different levels of activity toward leukocytes. Here, we have used cDNA microarrays to analyze the mRNA expression of 1176 genes in PBMCs stimulated with Candida cell wall glucan and considered the difference in the activation mechanism of OX-CA and CSBG. Total mRNA showed a significant change for 147 out of 1176 arrayed genes on stimulation with OX-CA and CSBG for 4 h. Among those genes, 62 were common, 26 were OX-CA-specific and 59 were CSBG-specific. Many of these up-regulated genes encode effectors with well-characterized proinflammatory properties. The expression of genes related with signal transduction differed in the particulate and soluble glucans derived from C. albicans having exactly the same primary structure. This fact suggested that each glucan induced specific biological activity through a different activation mechanism. This study using cDNA microarrays to analyze a broad spectrum of mRNA expression provides information on the biological activity of Candida cell wall glucan as a potential pathogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2003; 20:273-80. [PMID: 12622058 DOI: 10.1002/yea.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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