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Souza-Silva IM, Steckelings UM, Assersen KB. The role of vasoactive peptides in skin homeostasis-focus on adiponectin and the kallikrein-kinin system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C741-C756. [PMID: 36745527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive peptides often serve a multitude of functions aside from their direct effects on vasodynamics. This article will review the existing literature on two vasoactive peptides and their involvement in skin homeostasis: adiponectin and-as the main representative of the kallikrein-kinin system-bradykinin. Adiponectin is the most abundantly expressed adipokine in the human organism, where it is mainly localized in fat depots including subcutaneous adipose tissue, from where adiponectin can exert paracrine effects. The involvement of adiponectin in skin homeostasis is supported by a number of studies reporting the effects of adiponectin in isolated human keratinocytes, sebocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and immune cells. Regarding skin pathology, the potential involvement of adiponectin in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, scleroderma, keloid, and melanogenesis is discussed in this article. The kallikrein-kinin system is composed of a variety of enzymes and peptides, most of which have been identified to be expressed in the skin. This also includes the expression of bradykinin receptors on most skin cells. Bradykinin is one of the very few hormones that is targeted by treatment in routine clinical use in dermatology-in this case for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. The potential involvement of bradykinin in wound healing, psoriasis, and melanoma is further discussed in this article. This review concludes with a call for additional preclinical and clinical studies to further explore the therapeutic potential of adiponectin supplementation (for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, wound healing, scleroderma, and keloid) or pharmacological interference with the kallikrein-kinin system (for wound healing, psoriasis, and melanoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Souza-Silva
- Department of Cardiovascular & Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - U Muscha Steckelings
- Department of Cardiovascular & Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Bostlund Assersen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Zhao R, Ma X, Bai L, Li X, Mamouni K, Yang Y, Liu H, Danaher A, Cook N, Kucuk O, Hodges RS, Gera L, Wu D. Overcoming prostate cancer drug resistance with a novel organosilicon small molecule. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1261-1274. [PMID: 34781084 PMCID: PMC8604682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is the development of resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy. It is imperative to discover effective therapies to overcome drug resistance and improve clinical outcomes. We have developed a novel class of silicon-containing compounds and evaluated the anticancer activities and mechanism of action using cellular and animal models of drug-resistant PCa. Five organosilicon compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activities in the NCI-60 panel and established drug-resistant PCa cell lines. GH1504 exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxicity in a broad spectrum of human cancer cells, including PCa cells refractory to ADT and chemotherapy. Molecular studies identified several potential targets of GH1504, most notably androgen receptor (AR), AR variant 7 (AR-v7) and survivin. Mechanistically, GH1504 may promote the protein turnover of AR, AR-v7 and survivin, thereby inducing apoptosis in ADT-resistant and chemoresistant PCa cells. Animal studies demonstrated that GH1504 effectively inhibited the in vivo growth of ADT-resistant CWR22Rv1 and chemoresistant C4-2B-TaxR xenografts in subcutaneous and intraosseous models. These preclinical results indicated that GH1504 is a promising lead that can be further developed as a novel therapy for drug-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Bai
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenza Mamouni
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - HongYan Liu
- Dotquant LLC, CoMotion Labs at University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alira Danaher
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas Cook
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert S Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; AMP Discovery LLC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lajos Gera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; AMP Discovery LLC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daqing Wu
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; MetCure Therapeutics LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Urodilatin reverses the detrimental influence of bradykinin in acute ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zhang S, Gera L, Mamouni K, Li X, Chen Z, Kucuk O, Wu D. Inhibition of skeletal growth of human prostate cancer by the combination of docetaxel and BKM1644: an aminobisphosphonate derivative. Oncotarget 2016; 7:27489-98. [PMID: 27050371 PMCID: PMC5053666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a major cause of prostate cancer (PCa) morbidity and mortality. Despite some success in transiently controlling clinical symptoms with docetaxel-based therapy, PCa patients become docetaxel-resistant and inevitably progress with no cure. We synthesized an acyl-tyrosine bisphosphonate amide derivative, BKM1644, with the intent of targeting bone metastatic PCa and enhancing docetaxel's efficacy. BKM1644 exhibits potent anti-cancer activity in the NCI-60 panel and effectively inhibits the proliferation of metastatic, castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) cells, with IC50 ranging between 2.1 μM and 6.3 μM. Significantly, BKM1644 sensitizes mCRPC cells to docetaxel treatment. Mice with pre-established C4-2 tumors in the tibia show a marked decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (control: 173.72 ± 37.52 ng/ml, combined treatment: 64.45 ± 22.19 ng/ml; p < 0.0001) and much improved bone architecture after treatment with the combined regimen. Mechanistic studies found that docetaxel temporarily but significantly increases survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein whose overexpression has been correlated with PCa bone metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Intriguingly, BKM1644 effectively inhibits survivin expression, which may antagonize docetaxel-induced survivin in bone metastatic PCa cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) may be involved in the suppression of survivin transcription by BKM1644, as confirmed by a survivin reporter assay. Collectively, these data indicate that BKM1644 could be a promising small-molecule agent to improve docetaxel efficacy and retard the bone metastatic growth of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- 1 Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lajos Gera
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenza Mamouni
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia and GRU Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Li
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia and GRU Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- 4 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- 5 Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daqing Wu
- 1 Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia and GRU Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,6 MetCure Therapeutics LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lin KS, Pan J, Amouroux G, Turashvili G, Mesak F, Hundal-Jabal N, Pourghiasian M, Lau J, Jenni S, Aparicio S, Bénard F. In Vivo Radioimaging of Bradykinin Receptor B1, a Widely Overexpressed Molecule in Human Cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 75:387-93. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Bas¸ M. Clinical efficacy of icatibant in the treatment of acute hereditary angioedema during the FAST-3 trial. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 8:707-17. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Dobrivojević M, Sinđić A, Edemir B, Kalweit S, Forssmann WG, Hirsch JR. Interaction between bradykinin and natriuretic peptides via RGS protein activation in HEK-293 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C1260-8. [PMID: 23054060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction of natriuretic peptides (NP) and bradykinin (BK) signaling pathways was identified by measuring membrane potential (V(m)) and intracellular Ca(2+) using the patch-clamp technique and flow cytometry in HEK-293 cells. BK and NP receptor mRNA was identified using RT-PCR. BK (100 nM) depolarized cells activating bradykinin receptor type 2 (B(2)R) and Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels inhibitable by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB; 10 μM). The BK-induced Ca(2+) signal was blocked by the B(2)R inhibitor HOE 140. [Des-Arg(9)]-bradykinin, an activator of B(1)R, had no effect on intracellular Ca(2+). NP [atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and urodilatin] depolarized HEK-293 cells inhibiting K(+) channels. ANP, urodilatin, BNP [binding to natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A] and 8-bromo-(8-Br)-cGMP inhibited the BK-induced depolarization while CNP (binding to NPR-Bi) failed to do so. The inhibitory effect on BK-triggered depolarization could be reversed by blocking PKG using the specific inhibitor KT 5823. BK-stimulated depolarization as well as Ca(2+) signaling was completely blocked by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122 (10 nM). The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB; 50 μM) completely inhibited the BK-induced Ca(2+) signaling. UTP, another activator of the PLC-mediated Ca(2+) signaling pathway, was blocked by U-73122 as well but not by 8-Br-cGMP, indicating an intermediate regulatory step for NP via PKG in BK signaling such as regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins. When RGS proteins were inhibited by CCG-63802 in the presence of BK and 8-Br-cGMP, cells started to depolarize again. In conclusion, as natural antagonists of the B(2)R signaling pathway, NP may also positively interact in pathological conditions caused by BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dobrivojević
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Fernandes PD, Gomes NDM, Sirois P. The bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist R-954 inhibits Ehrlich tumor growth in rodents. Peptides 2011; 32:1849-54. [PMID: 21835216 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of a new bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist, R-954, on the development of Ehrlich ascitic tumor (EAT) induced by the intraperitoneal inoculation of EAT cells in mice and the formation of a solid tumor by the subcutaneous injection of the cells in rat paw. The development of the tumor was associated with an increase in mouse total cell counts in bone marrow (10.8-fold), ascitic fluid (14.6-fold), and blood (12.6-fold). R-954 (2mg/kg, s.c.) significantly reduced the ascitic fluid volume (63.7%) and the mouse weight gain (30.5%) after 10 consecutive days of treatment. The B(1) antagonist as well as the anti-neoplasic drug vincristine also significantly inhibited the increase in total cell count in bone marrow, ascitic fluid, and blood. R-954 reduced significantly the total protein extravasation (57.3%), the production of nitric oxide (56%), PGE(2) production (82%), and TNFα release (85.7%) in mice peritoneal cavity whereas vincristine reduced the release of these inflammatory mediators by 84-94%. The increase in paw edema after intraplantar injection of EAT cells was reduced by approximately 52% by either R-954 or vincristine treatment. In conclusion, this study presents for the first time the antitumoral activity of a new bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist on ascitic and solid tumors induced by Ehrlich cell inoculation in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Óxido Nítrico, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Prédio do CCS, bloco J, sala 10, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Jutras S, Bachvarova M, Keita M, Bascands JL, Mes-Masson AM, Stewart JM, Gera L, Bachvarov D. Strong cytotoxic effect of the bradykinin antagonist BKM-570 in ovarian cancer cells--analysis of the molecular mechanisms of its antiproliferative action. FEBS J 2010; 277:5146-60. [PMID: 21078129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The standard chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients is currently a combination of taxane and platinum. However, most EOC patients still suffer relapses, and there is an immediate need for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic modalities against this deadly disease. Recently, the nonpeptide bradykinin (BK) antagonist 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorocinnamoyl-(o-2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-l-tyrosine-N-(4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidyl) amide (BKM-570) was shown to cause impressive growth inhibition of lung and prostate tumors, displaying superior in vivo inhibitory effects than convential chemotherapeutic drugs. Here, we investigated BKM-570 cytotoxic effects in two EOC cell lines, derived from different EOC histopathologies: a clear cell carcinoma (TOV-21), and an endometrioid carcinoma (TOV-112). We showed that BKM-570 effectively inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells, as its cytotoxic effects were comparable to those of cisplatin, and were independent of the functional status of BK receptors. Moreover, BKM-570 synergized with cisplatin in inhibiting EOC cell growth. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative action of this BK antagonist in EOC cells, we performed gene expression profiling in TOV-21 and TOV-112 cells following treatment with 10 μM BKM-570 for 24 h. BKM-570 displayed similar cytotoxic effects in the two cell lines analyzed, as genes with previously shown involvement in apoptosis/antiapoptosis and cell adhesion were proportionally upregulated and downregulated in both cell lines, whereas genes involved in basic cellular mechanisms, including cell growth and maintenance, metabolism, cell cycle control, inflammatory and immune response, signal transduction, protein biosynthesis, transcription regulation, and transport, were predominantly downregulated upon treatment. Our data are indicative of the therapeutic potential of BKM-570 and related compounds in EOC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jutras
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Clapp C, Thebault S, Jeziorski MC, Martínez De La Escalera G. Peptide hormone regulation of angiogenesis. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1177-215. [PMID: 19789380 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now apparent that regulation of blood vessel growth contributes to the classical actions of hormones on development, growth, and reproduction. Endothelial cells are ideally positioned to respond to hormones, which act in concert with locally produced chemical mediators to regulate their growth, motility, function, and survival. Hormones affect angiogenesis either directly through actions on endothelial cells or indirectly by regulating proangiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor. Importantly, the local microenvironment of endothelial cells can determine the outcome of hormone action on angiogenesis. Members of the growth hormone/prolactin/placental lactogen, the renin-angiotensin, and the kallikrein-kinin systems that exert stimulatory effects on angiogenesis can acquire antiangiogenic properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage. In view of the opposing effects of hormonal fragments and precursor molecules, the regulation of the proteases responsible for specific protein cleavage represents an efficient mechanism for balancing angiogenesis. This review presents an overview of the actions on angiogenesis of the above-mentioned peptide hormonal families and addresses how specific proteolysis alters the final outcome of these actions in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
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12
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Seo SI, Gera L, Zhau HE, Qian WP, Iqbal S, Johnson NA, Zhang S, Zayzafoon M, Stewart J, Wang R, Chung LWK, Wu D. BKM1740, an acyl-tyrosine bisphosphonate amide derivative, inhibits the bone metastatic growth of human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6198-206. [PMID: 18829499 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Survivin overexpression has been associated with an unfavorable outcome in human PCa; however, its role in metastasis remains elusive. We aim to (a) evaluate the clinical implications of survivin expression in PCa bone metastasis; (b) determine in vivo efficacy of BKM1740, a small-molecule compound, against PCa skeletal growth and survival; and (c) investigate molecular mechanism by which BKM1740 augments apoptosis in bone metastatic PCa cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Survivin expression was analyzed in PCa specimens and experimental models. Bone metastatic C4-2 and ARCaP(M) cell lines were used to evaluate the in vitro effects of BKM1740 and molecular mechanism for the induction of apoptosis. C4-2 cells were grown intratibially in athymic nude mice to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of BKM1740. Tumor growth in mouse bone was assessed by serum prostate-specific antigen and radiography and confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Survivin expression is positively associated with clinical PCa bone metastasis. BKM1740 induced apoptosis in PCa cells by repressing survivin. Mice with established C4-2 tumors in tibia showed a marked decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen and much improved bone architecture radiographically after treatment with BKM1740. Immunohistochemical assays of mouse tumor samples confirmed that the in vivo effects were mediated by inhibition of survivin and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Survivin expression is associated with PCa bone metastasis. BKM1740 treatment specifically inhibited survivin and induced apoptosis in vitro and was efficacious in retarding PCa skeletal growth in a mouse model. BKM1740 is a promising small-molecule compound that could be used to treat PCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Il Seo
- Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B C;ifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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13
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Wright JK, Botha JH, Naidoo S. Influence of the kallikrein-kinin system on prostate and breast tumour angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2008; 29:130-6. [PMID: 18577888 DOI: 10.1159/000141918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Angiogenesis is important for the growth and progression of cancer cells. There is some evidence that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is involved in cancer and angiogenesis. The present study investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of prostate and breast tumour cell metabolites on the proliferation of cultured endothelial cells, their tissue kallikrein (TK) secretion and KKS expression. METHODS Expression of TK and kinin receptors was investigated by immunochemistry, and secretion of TK by ELISA. Cell proliferation was measured by a chromogenic assay. KKS proteins were also immunolocalised in an endothelial tumour co-culture model. RESULTS KKS proteins were found in projections of all cell types as well as at points of heterogeneous contact. Tumour metabolites increased the secretion of TK from endothelial cells, with corresponding decreases in intracellular amounts, while also increasing proliferation of the endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the KKS may be one of the more important players in angiogenesis associated with prostate and breast tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn K Wright
- Department of Therapeutics and Medicines Management, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine Durban, South Africa
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Zelawski W, Machnik G, Nowaczyk G, Plewka D, Lorenc Z, Sosada K, Stadnicki A. Expression and localisation of kinin receptors in colorectal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:997-1002. [PMID: 16644486 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinins increase vascular permeability as well as mitogenesis and proliferation, hence they have a potential to promote neoplasmatic transformation. In the present study we investigated the expression profile and localization of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in colorectal polyps. The biopsy samples from various polyps were obtained during endoscopy in tubular (n=18), villous (n=15) and hyperplasic polyps (n=15). The expression of genes encoding B1 and B2 was estimated by QRT-PCR TaqMan analysis. In second series B1 and B2 receptors were visualized by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens from colonic polyps and adjacent normal tissue. We found the highest expression of gene encoding B1 in tubular adenomas (1891 number of copies mRNA/microg total RNA+/-312 SE) which is significantly higher as compared with controls (683+/-197 SE, p<0.013). In contrast, the expression of gene for B2 was significantly increased in hyperplastic polyps (3852+/-936 SE) as compared with controls (843+/-263 SE, p<0.0016). In normal colon a well as in hyperplasic polyps B1 and B2 receptors were immunohistochemically localized in enterocytes, however in hyperplastic polyps the intensity of staining was more prominent for B2 comparing to the control group. In contrast, in tubular adenomas staining reaction for B1 was more intense than in control samples. Increased level of B1 in adenoma suggests that kinins may play a role in abnormal cellular transformation; whereas higher B2 level in hyperplasic polyp suggests its protective role. Our data may indicate that the overall effect of kinins on cellular proliferation depends on the relative level of B1 and B2 receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zelawski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Leeb-Lundberg LMF, Marceau F, Müller-Esterl W, Pettibone DJ, Zuraw BL. International union of pharmacology. XLV. Classification of the kinin receptor family: from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiological consequences. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57:27-77. [PMID: 15734727 DOI: 10.1124/pr.57.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinins are proinflammatory peptides that mediate numerous vascular and pain responses to tissue injury. Two pharmacologically distinct kinin receptor subtypes have been identified and characterized for these peptides, which are named B1 and B2 and belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. The B2 receptor mediates the action of bradykinin (BK) and lysyl-bradykinin (Lys-BK), the first set of bioactive kinins formed in response to injury from kininogen precursors through the actions of plasma and tissue kallikreins, whereas the B(1) receptor mediates the action of des-Arg9-BK and Lys-des-Arg9-BK, the second set of bioactive kinins formed through the actions of carboxypeptidases on BK and Lys-BK, respectively. The B2 receptor is ubiquitous and constitutively expressed, whereas the B1 receptor is expressed at a very low level in healthy tissues but induced following injury by various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta. Both receptors act through G alpha(q) to stimulate phospholipase C beta followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization and through G alpha(i) to inhibit adenylate cyclase and stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. The use of mice lacking each receptor gene and various specific peptidic and nonpeptidic antagonists have implicated both B1 and B2 receptors as potential therapeutic targets in several pathophysiological events related to inflammation such as pain, sepsis, allergic asthma, rhinitis, and edema, as well as diabetes and cancer. This review is a comprehensive presentation of our current understanding of these receptors in terms of molecular and cell biology, physiology, pharmacology, and involvement in human disease and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Fredrik Leeb-Lundberg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, A12, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden.
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McCarty MF. Targeting multiple signaling pathways as a strategy for managing prostate cancer: multifocal signal modulation therapy. Integr Cancer Ther 2005; 3:349-80. [PMID: 15523106 DOI: 10.1177/1534735404270757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant behavior of cancer reflects upregulation of certain oncogenic signaling pathways that promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and enable the cancer to spread and evoke angiogenesis. Theoretically, it should be feasible to decrease the activity of these pathways-or increase the activity of pathways that oppose them-with noncytotoxic agents. Since multiple pathways are dysfunctional in most cancers, and cancers accumulate new oncogenic mutations as they progress, the greatest and most durable therapeutic benefit will likely be achieved with combination regimens that address several targets. Thus, a multifocal signal modulation therapy (MSMT) of cancer is proposed. This concept has already been documented by researchers who have shown that certain combinations of signal modulators-of limited utility when administered individually-can achieve dramatic suppression of tumor growth in rodent xenograft models. The present essay attempts to guide development of MSMTs for prostate cancer. Androgen ablation is a signal-modulating measure already in standard use in the management of delocalized prostate cancer. The additional molecular targets considered here include the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, NF-kappaB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, hsp90, cyclooxygenase-2, protein kinase A type I, vascular endothelial growth factor, 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, angiotensin II receptor type 1, bradykinin receptor type 1, c-Src, interleukin-6, ras, MDM2, bcl-2/bclxL, vitamin D receptor, estrogen receptor-beta, and PPAR-. Various nutrients and phytochemicals suspected to have potential utility in prostate cancer prevention and therapy, but whose key molecular targets are still unknown, might reasonably be incorporated into MSMTs for prostate cancer; these include lycopene, selenium, green tea polyphenols, genistein, and silibinin. MSMTs can be developed systematically by testing various combinations of signal-modulating agents, in concentrations that can feasibly be achieved and maintained clinically, on human prostate cancer cell lines; combinations that appear promising can then be tested in xenograft models and, ultimately, in the clinic. Some signal modulators can increase response to cytotoxic drugs by upregulating effectors of apoptosis. When MSMTs fail to raise the spontaneous apoptosis rate sufficiently to achieve tumor stasis or regression, incorporation of appropriate cytotoxic agents into the regimen may improve the clinical outcome.
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Bironaite D, Gera L, Stewart JM. Characterization of the B2 receptor and activity of bradykinin analogs in SHP-77 cell line by Cytosensor microphysiometer. Chem Biol Interact 2004; 150:283-93. [PMID: 15560894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Cytosensor microphysiometer device (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) is capable of measuring the rate at which cells acidify their environment in response to ligand-receptor binding. By measuring the extracellular acidification response (ECAR) we characterized some aspects of ligand-B2 receptor interaction in SHP-77 cell line. SHP-77 cells maximally acidified their environment within 30 s after the exposure to bradykinin (BK) or the BK agonist, B9972, with the maximum effect seen at a ligands concentration of 1 microM. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) modulated the binding of BK or B9972, showing that B9972 is a partial agonist. In addition, the binding of BK agonist or antagonist to the B2 receptor showed different ECAR and different interaction with other intracellular and plasma membrane proteins. Our microphysiometrical results showed that two parameters, antagonist binding affinity (pD2) and antagonist potency (pIC50) are required to characterize BK antagonist activity for the B2 receptor in the SHP-77 cell line. The previously used parameter of B2 antagonist activity, pA2, had high variation and poor correlation with the inhibition of SHP-77 cell growth in vitro and suppression of tumor growth when SHP-77 cells were injected to mice. Our results permit us to conclude that BK agonists and antagonists differ in their interactions with the B2 receptor and consequently elicit different cell responses. Based on our results, we have developed a new microphysiometrical assay for analyzing the activity of BK agonists and antagonist in SHP-77 cells, which may facilitate the discovery of new potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Srinivasan D, Kosaka AH, Daniels DV, Ford APDW, Bhattacharya A. Pharmacological and functional characterization of bradykinin B2 receptor in human prostate. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 504:155-67. [PMID: 15541417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to pharmacologically characterize bradykinin receptors, a component of the kallikrein-kinin system, in normal human prostate cells. In primary cultured human prostate stromal cells, bradykinin, but not [des-Arg9]bradykinin or [des-Arg10]kallidin, produced calcium mobilization or inositol phosphates accumulation with potencies (pEC50) of 8.8+/-0.2 and 8.2+/-0.2, respectively. This was consistent with abundance of bradykinin B2 mRNA over bradykinin B1 mRNA in prostate stromal cells. Although the prostate epithelial cells (prostate epithelium, BPH-1, and PC-3) expressed mRNA for bradykinin B2 receptors (albeit in lesser amounts than stromal cells), bradykinin was not functionally efficacious in the epithelial cells. Increasing concentrations of D-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolylglycyl-3-(2-thienyl)-L-alanyl-L-seryl-D-1,2,3,4-tetrahhydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-L-(2alpha,3beta,7alphabeta)-octahydro-1H-indole-2-carbonyl-L-arginine (HOE-140), a bradykinin B2-selective peptide antagonist, attenuated bradykinin concentration-response curves in human prostate stromal cells with apparent estimate of affinity similar to that for the human bradykinin B2 receptor. Bradykinin (10 nM) caused proliferation of prostate stromal cells and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK-1 and ERK-2) that were blocked by HOE-140 (1 microM). This study demonstrated that, in primary cultures of normal human prostate stromal cells, bradykinin activates bradykinin B2 receptors that may play a significant role in proliferation via activation of ERK-1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Srinivasan
- Roche Pharmaceuticals, 3431 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Abstract
Practical bradykinin antagonists were discovered in 1984 by Vavrek and Stewart and reported in "Peptides." At that time there was already much evidence for involvement of bradykinin in inflammation and pain, so the specific, competitive antagonists were widely accepted and applied. The key to conversion of bradykinin into an antagonist was replacement of the proline residue at position 7 with a D-aromatic amino acid. Other modifications converted the initial weak antagonists into modern peptides which are totally resistant to all degrading enzymes, are orally available, and have been used in clinical trials. Non-peptide bradykinin antagonists have also been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Medical School, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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