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Nevídalová H, Michalcová L, Glatz Z. Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay and aptamer assay: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:414-433. [PMID: 31975407 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the group of techniques called affinity probe CE has been widely used for the detection and the determination of several types of biomolecules with high sensitivity. These techniques combine the low sample consumption and high separation power of CE with the selectivity of the probe to the target molecule. The assays can be defined according to the type of probe used: CE immunoassays, with an antibody as the probe, or aptamer-based CE, with an aptamer as the probe. Immunoassays are generally divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, and homogeneous variant can be further performed in competitive or noncompetitive formats. Interacting partners are free in solution at homogeneous assay, as opposed to heterogeneous analyses, where one of them is immobilized onto a solid support. Highly sensitive fluorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical detections were typically used in this type of study. The use of the aptamers as probes has several advantages over antibodies such as shorter generation time, higher thermal stability, lower price, and lower variability. The aptamer-based CE technique was in practice utilized for the determination of proteins in biological fluids and environmentally or clinically important small molecules. Both techniques were also transferred to microchip. This review is focused on theoretical principles of these techniques and a summary of their applications in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nevídalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Michalcová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhang B, Ding H, Chen Q, Wang T, Zhang K. Prussian blue nanoparticle-labeled aptasensing platform on graphene oxide for voltammetric detection of α-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma with target recycling. Analyst 2019; 144:4858-4864. [PMID: 31294738 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-free electrochemical aptasensing platform based on a graphene oxide nanosheet-modified gold-disk electrode was developed for the voltammetric detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatocellular carcinoma by using a Prussian blue nanoparticle (PBNP)-labeled aptamer. The electroactive PBNP, a typical signal-generation tag, was utilized for the labeling of the aminated AFP aptamer by using covalent conjugation. The electrochemical sensing platform was prepared in a simple manner on the basis of a π-π stacking reaction between the immobilized graphene oxide and the PBNP-labeled AFP aptamer. Upon target AFP introduction, the analyte reacted with the aptamer, thus resulting in the dissociation of the PBNP from the nanosheets. In the presence of DNase I, the newly formed AFP/aptamer-PBNP complex was cleaved to release target AFP, which could react again with the aptamer on the nanosheets, thereby causing target recycling. During this process, the cleaved PBNP-aptamer was far away from the electrode to decrease the voltammetric signal. Under optimum conditions, the voltammetric peak current of the modified electrode decreased with the increment of the target AFP concentration within the linear range of 0.01-300 ng mL-1 at a low detection limit of 6.3 pg mL-1. The precision and reproducibility of the aptasensing protocol were acceptable (CV: <15% for intra-assay and inter-assay). Other possible nontarget biomarkers did not interfere significantly with the voltammetric signal of this system. Human serum samples containing target AFP were assayed with electrochemical aptasensing and a commercial human AFP ELISA kit, and gave well-matched results from these two methods. Importantly, our strategy provides a new horizon for the determination of disease-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Jiangxi People's Hospital, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Kunhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China.
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Heiat M, Negahdary M. Sensitive diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein by a label free nanoaptasensor designed by modified Au electrode with spindle-shaped gold nanostructure. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Liu C, Deng Q, Fang G, Dang M, Wang S. Capillary electrochromatography immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein based on poly(guanidinium ionic liquid) monolithic material. Anal Biochem 2017; 530:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu J, Zhao J, Li S, Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhao S. A novel microchip electrophoresis-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein in human serum. Talanta 2017; 165:107-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang J, Wang S, Liu K, Wei Y, Wang X, Duan Y. Novel Signal-Enhancing Immunoassay for Ultrasensitive Biomarker Detection Based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2959-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504515g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Kunping Liu
- Faculty
of Biotechnology Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
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Huang KJ, Li J, Wu YY, Liu YM. Amperometric immunobiosensor for α-fetoprotein using Au nanoparticles/chitosan/TiO2–graphene composite based platform. Bioelectrochemistry 2013; 90:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Ünlüer ÖB, Ersöz A, Say R, Tomsuk Ö, Sivas H. Novel nanoimaging approach: Antibodious polymeric nanolabel for intracellular alpha-fetoprotein targeted monitoring. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Biçen Ünlüer
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Anadolu University; Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Arzu Ersöz
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Anadolu University; Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Ridvan Say
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Anadolu University; Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Özlem Tomsuk
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences; Anadolu University; Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Hülya Sivas
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences; Anadolu University; Eskişehir Turkey
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Kurihara Y, Takama M, Sekiya T, Yoshihara Y, Ooya T, Takeuchi T. Fabrication of carboxylated silicon nitride sensor chips for detection of antigen-antibody reaction using microfluidic reflectometric interference spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13609-13615. [PMID: 22966896 DOI: 10.1021/la302221y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report label-free detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which has been used as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma, by a microfluidic reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) system adopting a simple halogen light source and an inexpensive silicon-based sensor chip. Introduction of carboxy groups on a silicon nitride sensor chip to immobilize anti-AFP monoclonal antibody (anti-AFP) was carried out simply by immersion in aqueous solution containing triethoxysilylpropylmaleamic acid bearing a carboxy group and a silanol group. The RIfS system with the anti-AFP-immobilized sensor chip was found to give a reversible response through 100 on/off cycles using a regeneration buffer with high reproducibility (coefficient of variation (CV) = 5.7%). The limit of detection (LOD) of AFP was 100 ng mL(-1), and the measurement range spanned 3 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the sensor chip showed no cross-reactivity with human serum albumin, Immunoglobulin G, transferrin, or fibrinogen at 100 μg mL(-1) without the use of blocking reagents such as bovine serum albumin. Consequently, the proposed RIfS system is a potentially effective tool for biomarker detection and in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kurihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Liu C, Fang G, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Feng J, Wang S. Determination of metolcarb in food by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with a laser-induced fluorescence detector. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1471-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Wang G, Zhang G, Huang H, Wang L. Electrochemical Immunosensor for α-Fetoprotein Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Graphene-Prussian Blue. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201280015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Microchip fluorescence-enhanced immunoaasay for simultaneous quantification of multiple tumor markers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2840-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Immunoaffinity chromatography: an introduction to applications and recent developments. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:769-90. [PMID: 20640220 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) combines the use of LC with the specific binding of antibodies or related agents. The resulting method can be used in assays for a particular target or for purification and concentration of analytes prior to further examination by another technique. This review discusses the history and principles of IAC and the various formats that can be used with this method. An overview is given of the general properties of antibodies and of antibody-production methods. The supports and immobilization methods used with antibodies in IAC and the selection of application and elution conditions for IAC are also discussed. Several applications of IAC are considered, including its use in purification, immunodepletion, direct sample analysis, chromatographic immunoassays and combined analysis methods. Recent developments include the use of IAC with CE or MS, ultrafast immunoextraction methods and the use of immunoaffinity columns in microanalytical systems.
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Li JJ, Chen Y, Wang AQ, Zhu J, Zhao JW. Effect of gold nanoparticles on the fluorescence excitation spectrum of α-fetoprotein: local environment dependent fluorescence quenching. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:243-247. [PMID: 21084218 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of colloid gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fluorescence excitation spectrum of α-fetoprotein (AFP) has been investigated experimentally. The excitation spectral peaks of AFP with low concentration from 0.01 ng ml(-1) to 12 ng ml(-1) increase monotonically with increasing of AFP concentration. When some gold colloids were added to the AFP solution, the excitation peak at 285 nm decreases distinctly. By comparing the excitation peak intensity of AFP solution with gold colloids and without gold colloids at different AFP concentrations, the quenching effect from gold nanoparticle was more effective at lower AFP concentration. So the range of concentration from 0.01 ng ml(-1) to 0.09 ng ml(-1) will be the potential range of applications because of the higher sensitivity. The physical origin based on local field effect was investigated to illuminate this local environment dependent fluorescence quenching. The changing extent of quenching with different AFP concentrations can be attributed to the nonlinear decreasing of the local field factor of gold nanoparticles as a function of environmental dielectric constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
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Lee HU, Shin HY, Lee JY, Song YS, Park C, Kim SW. Quantitative detection of glyphosate by simultaneous analysis of UV spectroscopy and fluorescence using DNA-labeled gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12096-100. [PMID: 21047070 DOI: 10.1021/jf102784t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich-type immunosensor composed of antigen-double target/probe DNA-coated gold nanoparticles (NPs) was developed for the measurement of fluorescence intensity and quantitative analysis of single-stranded DNA based on the concentration of free glyphosate. The reaction between the antigen-double DNA-gold NPs and immobilized antibody on the substrate was carried out for 2 h. The results of the antigen-antibody reaction were measured on the basis of the fluorescence intensity obtained from comparison with the free antigens at concentrations of 0.01-100 μg mL(-1) for the detection of immobilized antigen-double DNA-gold NPs. For the quantitative analysis based on the concentration of glyphosate(0.01-100 μg mL(-1)), the immunosensor response also revealed the same detection range of glyphosate using DNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Uk Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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16
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Yang Y, Chae J. Separation of α-Fetoprotein and IgG by a Miniaturized Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Column. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902954391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Ding C, Zhang Q, Zhang S. An electrochemical immunoassay for protein based on bio bar code method. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2434-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Yang Y, Zhong Z, Liu H, Zhu T, Wu J, Li M, Wang D. Double-Layer Nanogold and Double-Strand DNA-Modified Electrode for Electrochemical Immunoassay of Cancer Antigen 15-3. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Ou C, Chen S, Yuan R, Chai Y, Zhong X. Layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer films of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and platinum–Prussian blue hybrid nanoparticles for the fabrication of amperometric immunosensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Shen G, Liu M, Cai X, Lu J. A novel piezoelectric quartz crystal immnuosensor based on hyperbranched polymer films for the detection of α-Fetoprotein. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 630:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Channel-resolved multianalyte immunosensing system for flow-through chemiluminescent detection of α-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1063-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Liu YM, Mu HB, Zheng YL, Wang CQ, Chen YH, Li FR, Wang JH, Cheng JK. Capillary electrophoretic immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein with chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 855:280-5. [PMID: 17531550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection (CEIA-CL) using a non-competitive format for analyzing tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been developed. In this method, antigen (Ag) AFP reacts with an excess amount of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody (Ab*). The free Ab* and the bound Ab*-Ag complex produced in the solution are separated by CE in a separation capillary. Then they catalyze the reaction of enzyme substrate luminol and H(2)O(2) in a reaction capillary following the separation capillary. Parameters affecting the CE separation and CL detection were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the free Ab* and the Ab*-Ag complex were well separated within 4 min, the linear range and the detection limit (S/N=3) for AFP were 5-500 ng/ml and 0.85 ng/ml (1.2 x 10(-11)M), respectively. The proposed method has been applied satisfactorily in the analysis of human sera samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.
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Yuan Y, Yuan R, Chai Y, Zhuo Y, Shi Y, He X, Miao X. A Reagentless Amperometric Immunosensor for Alpha-Fetoprotein Based on Gold Nanoparticles/TiO2 Colloids/Prussian Blue Modified Platinum Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhou J, Xu X, Wang Y. Competitive immunoassay for clenbuterol using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 848:226-31. [PMID: 17097930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A competitive immunoassay for detecting clenbuterol in urine was established by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The clenbuterol was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and then the derivative was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and competes for antibody with free clenbuterol in the sample. Under the optimal conditions, Free and bound FITC labeled clenbuterol was separated within 8 min with the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) 0.72% for migration time and 2.8% for peak area. The detection limit reached 0.7 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 283, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Abstract
This paper reviews immunoaffinity CE procedures developed since 1998 for drug, hormone, and disease marker analyses of body fluids and tissues. Immunoaffinity CE and related techniques are described. Examples of clinical applications are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta K Amundsen
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
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Abstract
This paper reviews recent methodological and instrumental advances in MEKC. Improvements in sensitivity arising from the use of on-line sample concentration (sweeping, stacking, and combination of both protocols) and derivatization (in-capillary reactions and coupling with flow-injection systems) and improvements in resolution obtained by changing the composition of the BGE (e.g., with organic modifiers, ionic liquids, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants, mixed micelles, and vesicles) or using coated capillaries are discussed in detail. In addition, MS and LIF spectroscopy are examined in relation to their advantages and restrictions as applied to MEKC analysis. Some thoughts on potential future directions are also expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Fu Z, Hao C, Fei X, Ju H. Flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein based on epoxysilane modified glass microbeads. J Immunol Methods 2006; 312:61-7. [PMID: 16647079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassay system based on a novel transparent immunoaffinity reactor is proposed for the quantitation of alpha-fetoprotein. The reactor prepared with alpha-fetoprotein immobilized epoxysilane modified glass microbeads was used as an immunosensor for chemiluminescent detection. With a non-competitive immunoassay format, the proposed immunosensor system is a low cost, flexible and rapid assay for alpha-fetoprotein. After an off-line incubation of the analyte alpha-fetoprotein with horseradish peroxidase-labeled alpha-fetoprotein antibody as enzyme tracer, the mixture was injected into the reactor, which led to trapping of the free enzyme tracer by the reactor. The trapped enzyme tracer was detected by the p-iodophenol-luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system. Under optimal conditions, the decrease in chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the alpha-fetoprotein concentration in the range of 5.0-100 ng/ml with a detection limit of 2.7 ng/ml at a signal/noise ratio of 3. The immunosensor system showed an acceptable reproducibility and stability. Clinical serum samples were assayed with this method and the results were in acceptable agreement with those obtained from immunoradiometric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Xu YY, Bian C, Chen S, Xia S. A microelectronic technology based amperometric immunosensor for α-fetoprotein using mixed self-assembled monolayers and gold nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Lin J, Ju H. Electrochemical and chemiluminescent immunosensors for tumor markers. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1461-70. [PMID: 15626599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determination of serum tumor markers plays an important role in clinical diagnoses for the patients with certain tumor-associated disease. Although many commercial kits have been applied in clinical immunoassays, conventional methods always have some disadvantages, resulting in the need of other new, efficient, and easily automated methods. Immunosensors, considered as a major development in immunochemical field, have attracted considerable attention. With the aim of rapid screening, many immunosensors that are small, semi-automated and portable are being developed. This brief review focuses on the current research of immunosensors for tumor markers based on the electrochemical and chemiluminescent detection with emphasis on recent advances, challenges, and trends. The works on series of novel immunosensors developed for the determination of tumor markers in our group in the last few years are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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