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Abraham HG, Ulintz PJ, Goo L, Yates JA, Little AC, Bao L, Wu Z, Merajver SD. RhoC Modulates Cell Junctions and Type I Interferon Response in Aggressive Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712041. [PMID: 34513691 PMCID: PMC8428533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the leading cause of death in cancer patients. RhoC, a member of the Rho GTPase family, has been shown to facilitate metastasis of aggressive breast cancer cells by influencing motility, invasion, and chemokine secretion, but as yet there is no integrated model of the precise mechanism of how RhoC promotes metastasis. A common phenotypic characteristic of metastatic cells influenced by these mechanisms is dysregulation of cell-cell junctions. Thus, we set out to study how RhoA- and RhoC-GTPase influence the cell-cell junctions in aggressive breast cancers. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of RhoC in SUM 149 and MDA 231 breast cancer cells results in increased normalization of junctional integrity denoted by junction protein expression/colocalization. In functional assessments of junction stability, RhoC knockout cells have increased barrier integrity and increased cell-cell adhesion compared to wild-type cells. Whole exome RNA sequencing and targeted gene expression profiling demonstrate decreased expression of Type I interferon-stimulated genes in RhoC knockout cells compared to wild-type, and subsequent treatment with interferon-alpha resulted in significant increases in adhesion and decreases in invasiveness of wild-type cells and a dampened response to interferon-alpha stimulation with respect to adhesion and invasiveness in RhoC knockout cells. We delineate a key role of RhoC-GTPase in modulation of junctions and response to interferon, which supports inhibition of RhoC as a potential anti-invasion therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sofia D. Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Britto AMA, Goes LR, Sivro A, Policarpo C, Meirelles ÂR, Furtado Y, Almeida G, Arthos J, Cicala C, Soares MA, Machado ES, Giannini ALM. HPV Induces Changes in Innate Immune and Adhesion Molecule Markers in Cervical Mucosa With Potential Impact on HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2078. [PMID: 33013878 PMCID: PMC7494736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While most HPV infections are asymptomatic and clear spontaneously, persistent infection with high-risk HPVs is associated with cervical cancer and with increased risk of HIV acquisition. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, none has been confirmed. Our aim was to investigate the expression of host factors involved in the susceptibility to HIV infection among HPV-infected women. Cervical samples were collected to characterize the expression levels of HIV susceptibility markers in the mucosa of HPV-infected compared with HPV-uninfected women. No differences in the frequency of CCR5+, integrin α4β7+, activated and memory CD4+ T-cell were detected between the groups. We additionally evaluated the expression levels of genes involved in innate immune responses and in cell adhesion. HPV infected patients expressed higher levels of TLR9 and lower levels of pattern recognition receptors that recognize RNA (TLR3, TLR7, and MDA5/IFIH1). We also detected an impaired IFN pathway, with an increased Type I IFN and a decreased IFNα2 receptor expression. HPV+ samples displayed reduced expression of genes for adherens and tight junctions. Taken together, these results suggest that although HPV infection does not result in the recruitment/activation of susceptible CD4+ T-cell in the female genital tract, it leads to changes in the innate antiviral immune responses and in cell adhesion that are likely to favor HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Messala A Britto
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Transdução de Sinal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia R Goes
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Cintia Policarpo
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Transdução de Sinal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ângela R Meirelles
- Instituto de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yara Furtado
- Instituto de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Almeida
- Instituto de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Machado
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Transdução de Sinal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia M Giannini
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Transdução de Sinal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tawar RG, Colpitts CC, Lupberger J, El-Saghire H, Zeisel MB, Baumert TF. Claudins and pathogenesis of viral infection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:39-46. [PMID: 25960372 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the roles of claudins in tight junction physiology. In addition, interactions between claudins and other cellular proteins have highlighted their novel roles in cell physiology. Moreover, the importance of claudins is becoming apparent in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including viral infections. Notable is the discovery of CLDN1 as an essential host factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry, which led to detailed characterization of CLDN1 and its association with tetraspanin CD81 for the initiation of HCV infection. CLDN1 has also been shown to facilitate dengue virus entry. Furthermore, owing to the roles of claudins in forming anatomical barriers, several viruses have been shown to alter claudin expression at the tight junction. This review summarizes the role of claudins in viral infection, with particular emphasis on HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv G Tawar
- Inserm, U1110, Institut des Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Che C Colpitts
- Inserm, U1110, Institut des Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Inserm, U1110, Institut des Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hussein El-Saghire
- Inserm, U1110, Institut des Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- Inserm, U1110, Institut des Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut des Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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