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Lubna S, Chinta S, Burra P, Vedantham K, Ray S, Bandyopadhyay D. New substitutions on NS1 protein from influenza A (H1N1) virus: Bioinformatics analyses of Indian strains isolated from 2009 to 2020. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e626. [PMID: 35509388 PMCID: PMC9059196 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Lubna
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Suma Chinta
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Prakruthi Burra
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Kiranmayi Vedantham
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad Telangana India
| | | | - Debashree Bandyopadhyay
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad Telangana India
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Wu J, Gu J, Shen L, Jia X, Yin Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Mao L. The role of host cell Rab GTPases in influenza A virus infections. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:445-452. [PMID: 33847136 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a crucial cause of respiratory infections in humans worldwide. Therefore, studies should clarify adaptation mechanisms of IAV and critical factors of the viral pathogenesis in human hosts. GTPases of the Rab family are the largest branch of the Ras-like small GTPase superfamily, and they regulate almost every step during vesicle-mediated trafficking. Evidence has shown that Rab proteins participate in the lifecycle of IAV. In this mini-review, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of different Rab proteins in the lifecycle of IAV. Understanding the role of Rab proteins in IAV infections is important to develop broad-spectrum host-targeted antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiqian Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Stepanova E, Krutikova E, Wong PF, Matyushenko V, Bazhenova E, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric A/B Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020259. [PMID: 33513862 PMCID: PMC7910998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines are composed of three or four strains: A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B (Victoria and Yamagata lineages). It is of great interest if immunization against both type A and B influenza viruses can be combined in a single vaccine strain, thus reducing the cost of vaccine production and the possibility of strain interference within the multicomponent vaccine. In the current study, we developed an experimental live cold-adapted influenza intertype reassortant (influenza A and B) vaccine on the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) A/Leningrad/134/17/57 backbone. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) functional domains were inherited from the influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain, whereas their packaging signals were substituted with appropriate fragments of influenza A virus genes. The recombinant A/B virus efficiently replicated in eggs and Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells under optimal conditions, temperature-sensitive phenotype was maintained, and its antigenic properties matched the influenza B parental virus. The chimeric vaccine was attenuated in mice: after intranasal immunization, viral replication was seen only in nasal turbinates but not in the lungs. Immunological studies demonstrated the induction of IgG antibody responses against the influenza A and B virus, whereas hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibodies were detected only against the influenza B virus, resulting in significant protection of immunized animals against influenza B virus challenge. IFNγ-secreting CD8 effector memory T cells (CD44+CD62L−) were detected in mouse splenocytes after stimulation with the specific influenza A peptide (NP366); however, the T-cell response was not sufficient to protect animals against infection with a high-dose mouse-adapted A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus, most probably due to the mismatch of key T-cell epitopes of the H1N1 virus and the LAIV backbone. Overall, generation of the chimeric A/B LAIV virus on a licensed LAIV backbone demonstrated prospects for the development of safe and efficacious vaccine candidates that afford combined protection against both type A and type B influenza viruses; however, further optimization of the T-cell epitope content within the LAIV backbone may be required.
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Jaiswal N, Agarwal N, Poluri KM, Kumar D. Effect of urea concentration on instant refolding of Nuclear Export Protein (NEP) from Influenza-A virus H1N1: A solution NMR based investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2508-2519. [PMID: 33470198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-export-protein (NEP) plays multiple-functions during influenza virus replication-cycle and shows unique pattern of conserved residues, which altogether make NEP a potential target for developing novel anti-influenza drugs. However, the mechanistic structural biology of NEP has not been fully characterized so far owing to its tendency to aggregate in solution. As structural information is important to guide rational drug-discovery process; therefore, procedural optimization efforts are going on to achieve properly folded NEP in sub-millimolar concentrations for solution-NMR investigations. As a first step in this direction, the refolding-cum-aggregation behavior of recombinant-NEP with N-terminal purification-tag (referred here as NEPN) at different urea-concentrations has been investigated here by NMR-based methods. Several attempts were made to refold denatured NEP-N through step-dialysis. However, owing to its strong tendency to aggregate, excessive precipitation was observed at sub-higher levels of urea concentration (5.0 ± 1.0 M). Finally, we used drip-dilution method with 10.5 M urea-denatured NEP-N and were able to refold NEP-N instantly. The amide 1H dispersion of 3.6 ppm (6.6-10.2 ppm) in the 15N-HSQC-spectra of instantly refolded NEP-N confirmed the folded state. This successful instant-refolding of NEP-N has been reported for the first-time and the underlying mechanism has been rationalized through establishing the complete backbone-resonance-assignments of NEP-N at 9.7 M urea-denatured state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Jaiswal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India; Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, IET Campus, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nipanshu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India.
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Golovko AO, Koroleva ON, Drutsa VL. Heterologous Expression and Isolation of Influenza A Virus Nuclear Export Protein NEP. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 82:1529-1537. [PMID: 29486703 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus nuclear export protein NEP (NS2, 14.4 kDa) plays a key role in various steps of the virus life cycle. Highly purified protein preparations are required for structural and functional studies. In this study, we designed a series of Escherichia coli plasmid constructs for highly efficient expression of the NEP gene under control of the constitutive trp promoter. An efficient method for extraction of NEP from inclusion bodies based on dodecyl sulfate treatment was developed. Preparations of purified NEP with either N- or C-terminal (His)6-tag were obtained using Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography with yield of more than 20 mg per liter of culture. According to CD data, the secondary structure of the proteins matched that of natural NEP. A high propensity of NEP to aggregate over a wide range of conditions was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Golovko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Kaewborisuth C, Zanin M, Häcker H, Webby RJ, Lekcharoensuk P. G45R mutation in the nonstructural protein 1 of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) enhances viral replication independent of dsRNA-binding activity and type I interferon biology. Virol J 2016; 13:127. [PMID: 27405392 PMCID: PMC4942902 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A viruses can act as a viral replication enhancer by antagonizing type I interferon (IFN) induction and response in infected cells. We previously reported that A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) containing the NS1 gene derived from A/swine/IA/15/1930 (H1N1) (IA30) replicated more efficiently than the wild type virus. Here, we identified amino acids in NS1 critical for enhancing viral replication. Methods To identify a key amino acid in NS1 which can increase the virus replication, growth kinetics of PR8 viruses encoding single mutation in NS1 were compared in A549 cells. NS1 mutant functions were studied using dsRNA-protein pull down, RIG-I mediated IFNβ-promoter activity assays and growth curve analysis in murine lung epithelial type I (Let1) cells. Results The G45R mutation in the NS1 of PR8 (G45R/NS1) virus is critical for the enhanced viral replication in A549 cells. G45R/NS1 slightly decreased NS1 binding to dsRNA but did not interfere with its suppression of RIG-I-mediated type I IFN production. Likewise, replication of G45R/NS1 virus was increased in comparison to wild type virus in both wild type and type I interferon receptor null Let1 cells. Conclusions The non-conserved amino acid, R45, enhances viral replication which is apparently independent of dsRNA binding and suppression of type I IFN, suggesting a non-characterized function of NS1 for the enhanced viral replication. As G45R/NS1 virus induced the type I IFN induction and response in infected A549 cells, it is also interesting to investigate virus virulence for further studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0585-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Challika Kaewborisuth
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105-2794, TN, USA
| | - Mark Zanin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105-2794, TN, USA
| | - Hans Häcker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105-2794, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105-2794, TN, USA
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50th Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Center for Advances Studies in Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Boukharta M, Azlmat S, Elharrak M, Ennaji MM. Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:471. [PMID: 26404167 PMCID: PMC4581100 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three equine influenza viruses, A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8), A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8), and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8), were isolated from different Equidae during local respiratory disease outbreaks in Morocco in 1997 and 2004. Their non-structural (NS) genes were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS The results show high homology of NS nucleotide sequences of A/equine/Nador/1/1997 with European strains (i.e., A/equine/newmarket/2/93 and A/equine/Grobois/1/1998) and clustered into the European lineage. However, NS gene of A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8) strains indicated high homology with equine influenza strains that had circulated before 1990 (A/equine/Fontainbleu/1/1979(H3N8), which belonged to a pre-divergent phase Amino acid sequence comparison of the NS1 protein with reference strain A/equine/Miami/1963(H3N8) shows that the A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8) strain has 12 substitutions at the residues D/24/N, R/44/K, S/48/I, R/67/Q, A/86/V, E/139/K, A/112/T, E/186/K, L/185/F, A/223/E, S/213/T and S/228/P. In both A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8) strains, the NS1 sequences present one common mutation at the residue: S/228/P. CONCLUSION It seems that all of these substitutions are not produced at the key residues of the RNA-binding domain (RBD) and the effector domain (ED). Consequently, we can suppose that they will not affect the potency of inhibition of cellular defences, and the virulence of the Moroccan equine strains will be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boukharta
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca, PO BOX 146, Quartier Yasmina, Mohammedia, 20650, Morocco.
| | - Souad Azlmat
- Department of Biology, Instruction Military Hospital Med V Rabat, University Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Society of Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Products, Virology Laboratory, Av Hassan II, BP 4569, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - My Mustapha Ennaji
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca, PO BOX 146, Quartier Yasmina, Mohammedia, 20650, Morocco.
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Yan S, Wu G. Possibility of cross-species/subtype reassortments in influenza A viruses: an analysis of nonstructural protein variations. Virulence 2013; 4:716-25. [PMID: 24104702 DOI: 10.4161/viru.26612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reassortment of genetic segments from different host species and from different subtypes of influenza A viruses occurs frequently, which may generate new strains causing flu epidemic or pandemic. However, the underlined mechanisms of reassortment were less addressed from the viewpoint of protein variations. Recently, we used the amino-acid pair predictability as an indicator to convert eight types of influenza A virus proteins into predictable portion of amino-acid pairs, and then applied the models I and II ANOVA to estimate their differences in terms of subtypes and host species. In order to get a full picture, 2729 and 1063 non-structural 1 and 2 proteins of influenza A viruses were analyzed in this study. The results are consistent with those obtained from hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, polymerase acidic protein, polymerase basic proteins 1 and 2, and matrix proteins 1 and 2, indicating that inter-species/subtypes variations are smaller than intra-species/subtype ones. Our findings provide statistical evidence that can partially explains why cross-subtype mutation and cross-species infection easily occur during co-infecting of different strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Enzyme Technology; National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery; Guangxi Academy of Sciences; Guangxi, PR China
| | - Guang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Enzyme Technology; National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery; Guangxi Academy of Sciences; Guangxi, PR China
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Gíria MT, Rebelo de Andrade H, Santos LA, Correia VM, Pedro SV, Santos MA. Genomic signatures and antiviral drug susceptibility profile of A(H1N1)pdm09. J Clin Virol 2011; 53:140-4. [PMID: 22177272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic changes in influenza surface and internal genes can alter viral fitness and virulence. Mutation trend analysis and antiviral drug susceptibility profiling of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for risk assessment of emergent strains and disease management. OBJECTIVE To profile genomic signatures and antiviral drug resistance of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and to discuss the potential role of mutated residues in human host adaptation and virulence. STUDY DESIGN A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in Portugal during pandemic and post-pandemic periods and 2009/2010 season. Viruses were isolated in MDCK-SIAT1 cell culture and subjected to mutation analysis of surface and internal proteins, and to antiviral drug susceptibility profiling. RESULTS The A(H1N1)pdm09 strains circulating during the epidemic period in Portugal were resistant to amantadine. The majority of the strains were found to be susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir, with five outliers to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) identified. Specific mutation patterns were detected within the functional domains of internal proteins PB2, PB1, PA, NP, NS1, M1 and NS2/NEP, which were common to all isolates and also some cluster-specific. DISCUSSION Modification of viral genome transcription, replication and apoptosis kinetics, changes in antigenicity and antiviral drug susceptibility are known determinants of virulence. We report several point mutations with putative roles in viral fitness and virulence, and discuss their potential to result in more virulent phenotypes. Monitoring of specific mutations and genetic patterns in influenza viral genes is essential for risk assessing emergent strains, disease epidemiology and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tiago Gíria
- CPM-URIA, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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