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Ezeokafor I, Upadhya A, Shetty S. Neurosensory Prosthetics: An Integral Neuromodulation Part of Bioelectronic Device. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:671767. [PMID: 34867141 PMCID: PMC8637173 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.671767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicines (BEMs) constitute a branch of bioelectronic devices (BEDs), which are a class of therapeutics that combine neuroscience with molecular biology, immunology, and engineering technologies. Thus, BEMs are the culmination of thought processes of scientists of varied fields and herald a new era in the treatment of chronic diseases. BEMs work on the principle of neuromodulation of nerve stimulation. Examples of BEMs based on neuromodulation are those that modify neural circuits through deep brain stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation, spinal nerve stimulation, and retinal and auditory implants. BEDs may also serve as diagnostic tools by mimicking human sensory systems. Two examples of in vitro BEDs used as diagnostic agents in biomedical applications based on in vivo neurosensory circuits are the bioelectronic nose and bioelectronic tongue. The review discusses the ever-growing application of BEDs to a wide variety of health conditions and practices to improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Upadhya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal (SVKM) Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMiMS) (SVKM’S NMiMS), Mumbai, India
| | - Saritha Shetty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal (SVKM) Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMiMS) (SVKM’S NMiMS), Mumbai, India
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Shin DH, Kim JH, Gottlieb P, Vaisbuch Y, Puria S, Cho JH, Seong KW. Comparative study of efficiency and characteristics of FMT and DRT installed in human cadavers for round-window stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16775. [PMID: 34408166 PMCID: PMC8373861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic hearing aids generate amplified sound in the ear canal, and they are the standard of care for patients with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. However, because of their limited frequency bandwidth, gain, and feedback, there is substantial room for improvement. Active middle ear implants, which directly vibrate the middle ear and cochlea, are an alternative approach to conventional acoustic hearing aids. They provide an opportunity to improve sound quality and speech understanding with amplification rehabilitation. For floating-mass type and direct-rod type (DRT) middle ear transducers, a differential floating-mass transducer (DFMT) and a tri-coil bellows transducer (TCBT), respectively, were fabricated to measure the output characteristics in four human temporal bones. Both were fabricated to have similar output forces per unit input and were placed in four human temporal bones to measure their output performances. The TCBT resulted in higher output than did the DFMT throughout the audible frequency range, and the output was more prominent at lower frequency ranges. In this study, we showed that DRT was a more effective method for round window stimulation. Because of its frequency characteristics and vibration efficiency, this implantation method can be utilized as a driving solution for middle ear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Shin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Peter Gottlieb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yona Vaisbuch
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Department, Rambam Medical Center, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sunil Puria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Otolaryngology Head and Neck Department, Rambam Medical Center, 31096, Haifa, Israel.,Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jin-Ho Cho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Seong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Korea.
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Burd C, Pai I, Connor SE. Active middle ear implantation: imaging in the pre-operative planning and post-operative assessment of the Vibrant Soundbridge TM. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190741. [PMID: 31944820 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Active middle ear implants augment sound waves and directly stimulate the middle ear structures. The most frequently utilised active middle ear implant is the Vibrant Soundbridge TM (VSB).CT plays a vital role in appropriate patient selection and surgical planning of active middle ear implant surgery. The VSB TM offers a number of options for implant placement. The ideal location is influenced by the patient's middle ear and mastoid anatomy as well as the type and severity of the hearing loss. CT provides important information on the surgical access to the middle ear and helps determine the most appropriate implant site by assessing the adjacent middle ear anatomy and the continuity of the ossicular chain. Post-operative active middle ear implant imaging may be indicated in the setting of poor auditory outcomes and when revision surgery is being considered so as to assess for suboptimal implant placement or migration.This pictorial review will describe the VSB TM middle ear device and explain the role of imaging in both the pre-operative and post-operative settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Burd
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irumee Pai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Ej Connor
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroradiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences Clinical Academic Group, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Piezoelectric Actuator with Frequency Characteristics for a Middle-Ear Implant. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061694. [PMID: 29795018 PMCID: PMC6021934 DOI: 10.3390/s18061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The design and implementation of a novel piezoelectric-based actuator for an implantable middle-ear hearing aid is described in this paper. The proposed actuator has excellent low-frequency output characteristics, and can generate high output in a specific frequency band by adjusting the mechanical resonance. The actuator consists of a piezoelectric element, a miniature bellows, a cantilever membrane, a metal ring support, a ceramic tip, and titanium housing. The optimal structure of the cantilever-membrane design, which determines the frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator, was derived through finite element analysis. Based on the results, the piezoelectric actuator was implemented, and its performance was verified through a cadaveric experiment. It was confirmed that the proposed actuator provides better performance than currently used actuators, in terms of frequency characteristics.
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Tavassoli H, Javadpour J, Taheri M, Mehrjou M, Koushki N, Arianpour F, Majidi M, Izadi-Mobarakeh J, Negahdari B, Chan P, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Bonakdar S. Incorporation of Nanoalumina Improves Mechanical Properties and Osteogenesis of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1324-1336. [PMID: 33418663 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A handful of work focused on improving the intrinsic low mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) by various reinforcing agents. However, the big challenge regarding improving mechanical properties is maintaining bioactivity. To address this issue, we report fabrication of apatite-based composites by incorporation of alumina nanoparticles (n-Al2O3). Although numerous studies have used micron or submicron alumina for reinforcing hydroxyapatite, only few reports are available about the use of n-Al2O3. In this study, spark plasma sintering (SPS) method was utilized to develop HA-nAl2O3 dense bodies. Compared to the conventional sintering, decomposition of HA and formation of calcium aluminates phases are restricted using SPS. Moreover, n-Al2O3 acts as a bioactive agent while its conventional form is an inert bioceramics. The addition of n-Al2O3 resulted in 40% improvement in hardness along with a 110% increase in fracture toughness, while attaining nearly full dense bodies. The in vitro characterization of nanocomposite demonstrated improved bone-specific cell function markers as evidenced by cell attachment and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium and collagen detection and nitric oxide production. Specifically, gene expression analysis demonstrated that introduction of n-Al2O3 in HA matrix resulted in accelerated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast and mesenchymal stem cells, as expression of Runx-2 and OSP showed 2.5 and 19.6 fold increase after 2 weeks (p < 0.05). Moreover, protein adsorption analysis showed enhanced adsorption of plasma proteins to HA-nAl2O3 sample compared to HA. These findings suggest that HA-nAl2O3 could be a prospective candidate for orthopedic applications due to its improved mechanical and osteogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tavassoli
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jafar Javadpour
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiar Taheri
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.,ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Newsha Koushki
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C3
| | - Farzin Arianpour
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.,Research and Application Center, Kastamonu University, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | | | - Babak Negahdari
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peggy Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
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In-ear medical devices for acoustic therapies in tinnitus treatments, state of the art. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 45:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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