1
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Shan Z, Rivero-Gamez A, Lyumkis D, Horton NC. Two-Metal Ion Mechanism of DNA Cleavage by Activated, Filamentous SgrAI. J Biol Chem 2024:107576. [PMID: 39009341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes that form filamentous assemblies with modulated enzymatic activities have gained increasing attention in recent years. SgrAI is a sequence specific type II restriction endonuclease that forms polymeric filaments with accelerated DNA cleavage activity and expanded DNA sequence specificity. Prior studies have suggested a mechanistic model linking the structural changes accompanying SgrAI filamentation to its accelerated DNA cleavage activity. In this model, the conformational changes that are specific to filamentous SgrAI maximize contacts between different copies of the enzyme within the filament and create a second divalent cation binding site in each subunit, which in turn facilitates the DNA cleavage reaction. However, our understanding of the atomic mechanism of catalysis is incomplete. Herein, we present two new structures of filamentous SgrAI solved using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The first structure, resolved to 3.3 Å, is of filamentous SgrAI containing an active site mutation that is designed to stall the DNA cleavage reaction, which reveals the enzymatic configuration prior to DNA cleavage. The second structure, resolved to 3.1 Å, is of WT filamentous SgrAI containing cleaved substrate DNA, which reveals the enzymatic configuration at the end of the enzymatic cleavage reaction. Both structures contain the phosphate moiety at the cleavage site and the biologically relevant divalent cation cofactor Mg2+ and define how the Mg2+ cation reconfigures during enzymatic catalysis. The data support a model for the activation mechanism that involves binding of a second Mg2+ in the SgrAI active site as a direct result of filamentation induced conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Shan
- The Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Andres Rivero-Gamez
- The Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Dmitry Lyumkis
- The Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093.
| | - Nancy C Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721.
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2
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Guo C, Wang Z, Liu J. Filamentation and inhibition of prokaryotic CTP synthase with ligands. MLIFE 2024; 3:240-250. [PMID: 38948148 PMCID: PMC11211670 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) plays a pivotal role in the de novo synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a fundamental building block for RNA and DNA that is essential for life. CTPS is capable of directly binding to all four nucleotide triphosphates: adenine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, CTP, and guanidine triphosphate. Furthermore, CTPS can form cytoophidia in vivo and metabolic filaments in vitro, undergoing regulation at multiple levels. CTPS is considered a potential therapeutic target for combating invasions or infections by viral or prokaryotic pathogens. Utilizing cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structure of Escherichia coli CTPS (ecCTPS) filament in complex with CTP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the covalent inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo- l-norleucine (DON), achieving a resolution of 2.9 Å. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on differences in filament-forming interfaces and designed a variant to validate our hypothesis, providing an evolutionary perspective on CTPS filament formation. Our computational analysis revealed a solvent-accessible ammonia tunnel upon DON binding. Through comparative structural analysis, we discern a distinct mode of CTP binding of ecCTPS that differs from eukaryotic counterparts. Combining biochemical assays and structural analysis, we determined and validated the synergistic inhibitory effects of CTP with NADH or adenine on CTPS. Our results expand our comprehension of the diverse regulatory aspects of CTPS and lay a foundation for the design of specific inhibitors targeting prokaryotic CTPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Guo
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zixuan Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ji‐Long Liu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial CenterShanghaiChina
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3
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Zhang SQ, Liu JL. Dynamic Cytoophidia during Late-Stage Drosophila Oogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2575. [PMID: 38473824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) catalyzes the final step of de novo synthesis of CTP. CTPS was first discovered to form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in Drosophila ovarian cells. Subsequent studies have shown that cytoophidia are widely present in cells of three life domains. In the Drosophila ovary model, our previous studies mainly focused on the early and middle stages, with less involvement in the later stages. In this work, we focus on the later stages of female germline cells in Drosophila. We use live-cell imaging to capture the continuous dynamics of cytoophidia in Stages 10-12. We notice the heterogeneity of cytoophidia in the two types of germline cells (nurse cells and oocytes), manifested in significant differences in morphology, distribution, and dynamics. Surprisingly, we also find that neighboring nurse cells in the same egg chamber exhibit multiple dynamic patterns of cytoophidia over time. Although the described dynamics may be influenced by the in vitro incubation conditions, our observation provides an initial understanding of the dynamics of cytoophidia during late-stage Drosophila oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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4
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Ghadirian N, Morgan RD, Horton NC. DNA Sequence Control of Enzyme Filamentation and Activation of the SgrAI Endonuclease. Biochemistry 2024; 63:326-338. [PMID: 38207281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme polymerization (also known as filamentation) has emerged as a new layer of enzyme regulation. SgrAI is a sequence-dependent DNA endonuclease that forms polymeric filaments with enhanced DNA cleavage activity as well as altered DNA sequence specificity. To better understand this unusual regulatory mechanism, full global kinetic modeling of the reaction pathway, including the enzyme filamentation steps, has been undertaken. Prior work with the primary DNA recognition sequence cleaved by SgrAI has shown how the kinetic rate constants of each reaction step are tuned to maximize activation and DNA cleavage while minimizing the extent of DNA cleavage to the host genome. In the current work, we expand on our prior study by now including DNA cleavage of a secondary recognition sequence, to understand how the sequence of the bound DNA modulates filamentation and activation of SgrAI. The work shows that an allosteric equilibrium between low and high activity states is modulated by the sequence of bound DNA, with primary sequences more prone to activation and filament formation, while SgrAI bound to secondary recognition sequences favor the low (and nonfilamenting) state by up to 40-fold. In addition, the degree of methylation of secondary sequences in the host organism, Streptomyces griseus, is now reported for the first time and shows that as predicted, these sequences are left unprotected from the SgrAI endonuclease making sequence specificity critical in this unusual filament-forming enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Ghadirian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard D Morgan
- New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts 01938, United States
| | - Nancy C Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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5
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Chang J, Yuan W, Gao C, Zhang B, Liu JL, Chen G, Tan YW. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging Reveals Coassembly of CTPS and P5CS. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:949-959. [PMID: 38236746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The cellular compartmentation induced by self-assembly of natural proteins has recently attracted widespread attention due to its structural-functional significance. Among them, as a highly conserved metabolic enzyme and one of the potential targets for cancers and parasitic diseases in drug development, CTP synthase (CTPS) has also been reported to self-assemble into filamentous structures termed cytoophidia. To elucidate the dynamical mechanism of cytoophidium filamentation, we utilize single-molecule fluorescence imaging to observe the real-time self-assembly dynamics of CTPS and the coordinated assembly between CTPS and its interaction partner, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). Significant differences exist in the direction of growth and extension when the two proteins self-assemble. The oligomer state distribution analysis of the CTPS minimum structural subunit under different conditions and the stoichiometry statistics of binding CTPS and P5CS by single-molecule fluorescence photobleach counting further confirm that the CTPS cytoophidia are mainly stacked with tetramers. CTPS can act as the nucleation core to induce the subsequent growth of the P5CS filaments. Our work not only provide evidence from the molecular level for the self-assembly and coordinated assembly (coassembly) of CTPS with its interaction partner P5CS in vitro but also offer new experimental perspectives for the dynamics research of coordinated regulation between other protein polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chendi Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan-Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Yin Y, Yu H, Wang X, Hu Q, Liu Z, Luo D, Yang X. Cytoophidia: a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:245. [PMID: 38300325 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide biosynthesis encompasses both de novo and salvage synthesis pathways, each characterized by significant material and procedural distinctions. Despite these differences, cells with elevated nucleotide demands exhibit a preference for the more intricate de novo synthesis pathway, intricately linked to modes of enzyme regulation. In this study, we primarily scrutinize the biological importance of a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism-cytoophidia. Cytoophidia, comprising cytidine triphosphate synthase or inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, is explored across diverse biological models, including yeasts, Drosophila, mice, and human cancer cell lines. Additionally, we delineate potential biomedical applications of cytoophidia. As our understanding of cytoophidia deepens, the roles of enzyme compartmentalization and polymerization in various biochemical processes will unveil, promising profound impacts on both research and the treatment of metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- School of Queen Mary, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaohao Hu
- The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
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7
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Weng RY, Zhang L, Liu JL. Connecting Hippo Pathway and Cytoophidia in Drosophila Posterior Follicle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1453. [PMID: 38338731 PMCID: PMC10855297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of CTP, assembles into a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium. The Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. The relationship of the nucleotide metabolism with the Hippo pathway is little known. Here, we study the impact of the Hippo pathway on the cytoophidium in Drosophila melanogaster posterior follicle cells (PFCs). We find that the inactivation of the Hippo pathway correlates with reduced cytoophidium length and number within PFCs. During the overexpression of CTPS, the presence of Hippo mutations also reduces the length of cytoophidia in PFCs. In addition, we observe that knocking down CTPS mitigates hpo (Hippo)-associated over-proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that there is a connection between the Hippo pathway and the nucleotide biosynthesis enzyme CTPS in PFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yu Weng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (R.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (R.-Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (R.-Y.W.)
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8
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Deng R, Li YL, Liu JL. Cytoophidia Influence Cell Cycle and Size in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:608. [PMID: 38203781 PMCID: PMC10779087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) forms cytoophidia in all three domains of life. Here we focus on the function of cytoophidia in cell proliferation using Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model system. We find that converting His359 of CTPS into Ala359 leads to cytoophidium disassembly. By reducing the level of CTPS protein or specific mutation, the loss of cytoophidia prolongs the G2 phase and expands cell size. In addition, the loss-filament mutant of CTPS leads to a decrease in the expression of genes related to G2/M transition and cell growth, including histone chaperone slm9. The overexpression of slm9 alleviates the G2 phase elongation and cell size enlargement induced by CTPS loss-filament mutants. Overall, our results connect cytoophidia with cell cycle and cell size control in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Lan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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9
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang QQ, Zhou Y, Liu JL. Fat body-specific reduction of CTPS alleviates HFD-induced obesity. eLife 2023; 12:e85293. [PMID: 37695169 PMCID: PMC10495109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is a multi-factorial disease including genetic, physiological, behavioral, and environmental components. Drosophila has emerged as an effective metabolic disease model. Cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase (CTPS) is an important enzyme for the de novo synthesis of CTP, governing the cellular level of CTP and the rate of phospholipid synthesis. CTPS is known to form filamentous structures called cytoophidia, which are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Our study demonstrates that CTPS is crucial in regulating body weight and starvation resistance in Drosophila by functioning in the fat body. HFD-induced obesity leads to increased transcription of CTPS and elongates cytoophidia in larval adipocytes. Depleting CTPS in the fat body prevented HFD-induced obesity, including body weight gain, adipocyte expansion, and lipid accumulation, by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt-SREBP axis. Furthermore, a dominant-negative form of CTPS also prevented adipocyte expansion and downregulated lipogenic genes. These findings not only establish a functional link between CTPS and lipid homeostasis but also highlight the potential role of CTPS manipulation in the treatment of HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Youfang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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10
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Minet N, Boschat AC, Lane R, Laughton D, Beer P, Asnagli H, Soudais C, Bourne T, Fischer A, Martin E, Latour S. Differential roles of CTP synthetases CTPS1 and CTPS2 in cell proliferation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302066. [PMID: 37348953 PMCID: PMC10288033 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The CTP nucleotide is a key precursor of nucleic acids metabolism essential for DNA replication. De novo CTP production relies on CTP synthetases 1 and 2 (CTPS1 and CTPS2) that catalyze the conversion of UTP into CTP. CTP synthetase activity is high in proliferating cells including cancer cells; however, the respective roles of CTPS1 and CTPS2 in cell proliferation are not known. By inactivation of CTPS1 and/or CTPS2 and complementation experiments, we showed that both CTPS1 and CTPS2 are differentially required for cell proliferation. CTPS1 was more efficient in promoting proliferation than CTPS2, in association with a higher intrinsic enzymatic activity that was more resistant to inhibition by 3-deaza-uridine, an UTP analog. The contribution of CTPS2 to cell proliferation was modest when CTPS1 was expressed but essential in absence of CTPS1. Public databases analysis of more than 1,000 inactivated cancer cell lines for CTPS1 or CTPS2 confirmed that cell growth is highly dependent of CTPS1 but less or not of CTPS2. Therefore, our results demonstrate that CTPS1 is the main contributor to cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Minet
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claire Boschat
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Plateforme Spectrométrie de masse, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Claire Soudais
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tim Bourne
- Step-Pharma, Saint-Genis-Pouilly, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Collège de France, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Zhong J, Cui J, Liu J, Zhong C, Hu F, Dong J, Cheng J, Hu K. Fine-mapping and candidate gene analysis of the Mcgy1 locus responsible for gynoecy in bitter gourd (Momordica spp.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:81. [PMID: 36952023 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Mcgy1 locus responsible for gynoecy was fine-mapped into a 296.94-kb region, in which four single-nucleotide variations and six genes adjacent to them might be associate with sex differentiation in bitter gourd. Gynoecy plays an important role in high-efficiency hybrid seed production, and gynoecious plants are excellent materials for dissecting sex differentiation in Cucurbitaceae crop species, including bitter gourd. However, the gene responsible for gynoecy in bitter gourd is unknown. Here, we first identified a gynoecy locus designated Mcgy1 using the F2 population (n = 291) crossed from the gynoecious line S156G and the monoecious line K8-201 via bulked segregant analysis with whole-genome resequencing (BSA-seq) and molecular marker linkage analysis. Then, a large S156G × K8-201 F2 population (n = 5,656) was used for fine-mapping to delimit the Mcgy1 locus into a 296.94-kb physical region on pseudochromosome MC01, where included 33 annotated genes different from any homologous gynoecy genes previously reported in Cucurbitaceae species. Within this region, four underlying single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) that might cause gynoecy were identified by multiple genomic sequence variation analysis, and their six neighbouring genes were considered as potential candidate genes for Mcgy1. Of these, only MC01g1681 showed a significant differential expression at two-leaf developmental stage between S156G and its monoecious near-isogenic line S156 based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR analyses. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed 21 key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and possible regulatory pathways of the formation of gynoecy in bitter gourd. Our findings provide a new clue for researching on gynoecious plants in Cucurbitaceae species and a theoretical basis for breeding gynoecious bitter gourd lines by the use of molecular markers-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512023, China
| | - Jichi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Kailin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Liu M, Wang Y, Jiang H, Han Y, Xia J. Synthetic Multienzyme Assemblies for Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200518. [PMID: 36625563 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In nature, enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions are often assembled as clusters or complexes. The formation of multienzyme complexes, or metabolons, brings the enzyme active sites into proximity to promote intermediate transfer, decrease intermediate leakage, and streamline the metabolic flux towards the desired products. We and others have developed synthetic versions of metabolons through various strategies to enhance the catalytic rates for synthesizing valuable chemicals inside microbes. Synthetic multienzyme complexes range from static enzyme nanostructures to dynamic enzyme coacervates. Enzyme complexation optimizes the metabolic fluxes inside microbes, increases the product titer, and supplies the field with high-yield microbe strains that are amenable to large-scale fermentation. Enzyme complexes constructed inside microbial cells can be separated as independent entities and catalyze biosynthetic reactions ex vivo; such a feature gains these complexes another name, "synthetic organelles" - new subcellular entities with independent structures and functions. Still, the field is seeking new strategies to better balance dynamicity and confinement and to achieve finer control of local compartmentalization in the cells, as the natural multienzyme complexes do. Industrial applications of synthetic multienzyme complexes for the large-scale production of valuable chemicals are yet to be realized. This review focuses on synthetic multienzyme complexes that are constructed and function inside microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry and, Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and, Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and, Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongxu Han
- Department of Chemistry and, Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry and, Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Abstract
In this chapter, we highlight examples of the diverse array of developmental, cellular, and biochemical insights that can be gained by using Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis as a model tissue. We begin with an overview of ovary development and adult oogenesis. Then we summarize how the adult Drosophila ovary continues to advance our understanding of stem cells, cell cycle, cell migration, cytoplasmic streaming, nurse cell dumping, and cell death. We also review emerging areas of study, including the roles of lipid droplets, ribosomes, and nuclear actin in egg development. Finally, we conclude by discussing the growing conservation of processes and signaling pathways that regulate oogenesis and female reproduction from flies to humans.
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu JL. STAMP: Spatio-Temporal Association Mapping of Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2626:365-379. [PMID: 36715916 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2970-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a tool, Spatio-Temporal Association Mapping of Proteins (STAMP), for identifying protein interactomes via proximity labeling. For a proof-of-principle study, we use cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase (CTPS) as an example. CTPS, a metabolic enzyme, forms filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in various tissues. We apply STAMP to a variety of developmental stages and tissues in Drosophila including adult ovaries. Using a cell-specific GAL4 driver, we verify that TurboID can biotinylate the bait protein CTPS, making possible the identification of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in individual cells. Using the wild-type and mutant CTPS as bait proteins, STAMP results in two distinct sets of proximate proteomes. Our results suggest that STAMP is a feasible tool to catch in vivo PPIs in situ at a defined spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Smeele PH, Vaccari T. Snapshots from within the cell: Novel trafficking and non trafficking functions of Snap29 during tissue morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:42-52. [PMID: 35256275 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a core cellular process that supports diversification of cell shapes and behaviors relevant to morphogenesis during development and in adult organisms. However, how precisely trafficking components regulate specific differentiation programs is incompletely understood. Snap29 is a multifaceted Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment protein Receptor, involved in a wide range of trafficking and non-trafficking processes in most cells. A body of knowledge, accrued over more than two decades since its discovery, reveals that Snap29 is essential for establishing and maintaining the operation of a number of cellular events that support cell polarity and signaling. In this review, we first summarize established functions of Snap29 and then we focus on novel ones in the context of autophagy, Golgi trafficking and vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane, as well as on non-trafficking activities of Snap29. We further describe emerging evidence regarding the compartmentalisation and regulation of Snap29. Finally, we explore how the loss of distinct functions of human Snap29 may lead to the clinical manifestations of congenital disorders such as CEDNIK syndrome and how altered SNAP29 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer, viral infection and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien H Smeele
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Ruiz-Whalen DM, Aichele CP, Dyson ER, Gallen KC, Stark JV, Saunders JA, Simonet JC, Ventresca EM, Fuentes IM, Marmol N, Moise E, Neubert BC, Riggs DJ, Self AM, Alexander JI, Boamah E, Browne AJ, Correa I, Foster MJ, Harrington N, Holiday TJ, Henry RA, Lee EH, Longo SM, Lorenz LD, Martinez E, Nikonova A, Radu M, Smith SC, Steele LA, Strochlic TI, Archer NF, Aykit YJ, Bolotsky AJ, Boyle M, Criollo J, Eldor O, Cruz G, Fortuona VN, Gounder SD, Greenwood N, Ji KW, Johnson A, Lara S, Montanez B, Saurman M, Singh T, Smith DR, Stapf CA, Tondapu T, Tsiobikas C, Habas R, O'Reilly AM. Gaining Wings to FLY: Using Drosophila Oogenesis as an Entry Point for Citizen Scientists in Laboratory Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2626:399-444. [PMID: 36715918 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2970-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Citizen science is a productive approach to include non-scientists in research efforts that impact particular issues or communities. In most cases, scientists at advanced career stages design high-quality, exciting projects that enable citizen contribution, a crowdsourcing process that drives discovery forward and engages communities. The challenges of having citizens design their own research with no or limited training and providing access to laboratory tools, reagents, and supplies have limited citizen science efforts. This leaves the incredible life experiences and immersion of citizens in communities that experience health disparities out of the research equation, thus hampering efforts to address community health needs with a full picture of the challenges that must be addressed. Here, we present a robust and reproducible approach that engages participants from Grade 5 through adult in research focused on defining how diet impacts disease signaling. We leverage the powerful genetics, cell biology, and biochemistry of Drosophila oogenesis to define how nutrients impact phenotypes associated with genetic mutants that are implicated in cancer and diabetes. Participants lead the project design and execution, flipping the top-down hierarchy of the prevailing scientific culture to co-create research projects and infuse the research with cultural and community relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara M Ruiz-Whalen
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher P Aichele
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Ebony R Dyson
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Gallen
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer V Stark
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jasmine A Saunders
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Simonet
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Ventresca
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Albright College, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Isabela M Fuentes
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nyellis Marmol
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emly Moise
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Neubert
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devon J Riggs
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Ava M Self
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer I Alexander
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Ernest Boamah
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda J Browne
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iliana Correa
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Maya J Foster
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Harrington
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Troy J Holiday
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan A Henry
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Eric H Lee
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheila M Longo
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurel D Lorenz
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Nikonova
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Radu
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon C Smith
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Steele
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd I Strochlic
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas F Archer
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y James Aykit
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam J Bolotsky
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Boyle
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Criollo
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oren Eldor
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Cruz
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie N Fortuona
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Shreeya D Gounder
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nyim Greenwood
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kayla W Ji
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aminah Johnson
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Lara
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maxwell Saurman
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanu Singh
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R Smith
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine A Stapf
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tarang Tondapu
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alana M O'Reilly
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- eCLOSE Institute, Huntingdon Valley, PA, USA.
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17
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The role of filamentation in activation and DNA sequence specificity of the sequence-specific endonuclease SgrAI. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1703-1714. [PMID: 36398769 PMCID: PMC9788392 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Filament formation by metabolic, biosynthetic, and other enzymes has recently come into focus as a mechanism to fine-tune enzyme activity in the cell. Filamentation is key to the function of SgrAI, a sequence-specific DNA endonuclease that has served as a model system to provide some of the deepest insights into the biophysical characteristics of filamentation and its functional consequences. Structure-function analyses reveal that, in the filamentous state, SgrAI stabilizes an activated enzyme conformation that leads to accelerated DNA cleavage activity and expanded DNA sequence specificity. The latter is thought to be mediated by sequence-specific DNA structure, protein-DNA interactions, and a disorder-to-order transition in the protein, which collectively affect the relative stabilities of the inactive, non-filamentous conformation and the active, filamentous conformation of SgrAI bound to DNA. Full global kinetic modeling of the DNA cleavage pathway reveals a slow, rate-limiting, second-order association rate constant for filament assembly, and simulations of in vivo activity predict that filamentation is superior to non-filamenting mechanisms in ensuring rapid activation and sequestration of SgrAI's DNA cleavage activity on phage DNA and away from the host chromosome. In vivo studies demonstrate the critical requirement for accelerated DNA cleavage by SgrAI in its biological role to safeguard the bacterial host. Collectively, these data have advanced our understanding of how filamentation can regulate enzyme structure and function, while the experimental strategies used for SgrAI can be applied to other enzymatic systems to identify novel functional roles for filamentation.
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18
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Wang QQ, You DD, Liu JL. Cytoophidia Maintain the Integrity of Drosophila Follicle Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315282. [PMID: 36499609 PMCID: PMC9740582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) forms a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium in all three domains of life. The female reproductive system of Drosophila is an excellent model for studying the physiological function of cytoophidia. Here, we use CTPSH355A, a point mutation that destroys the cytoophidium-forming ability of CTPS, to explore the in vivo function of cytoophidia. In CTPSH355A egg chambers, we observe the ingression and increased heterogeneity of follicle cells. In addition, we find that the cytoophidium-forming ability of CTPS, rather than the protein level, is the cause of the defects observed in CTPSH355A mutants. To sum up, our data indicate that cytoophidia play an important role in maintaining the integrity of follicle epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dong-Dong You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: or
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19
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Andreadis C, Li T, Liu JL. Ubiquitination regulates cytoophidium assembly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113337. [PMID: 36087798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS), a metabolic enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of CTP, can form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia, which are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. Here we used Schizosaccharomyces pombe to study the cytoophidium assembly regulation by ubiquitination. We tested the CTP synthase's capacity to be post-translationally modified by ubiquitin or be affected by the ubiquitination state of the cell and showed that ubiquitination is important for the maintenance of the CTPS filamentous structure in fission yeast. We have identified proteins which are in complex with CTPS, including specific ubiquitination regulators which significantly affect CTPS filamentation, and mapped probable ubiquitination targets on CTPS. Furthermore, we discovered that a cohort of deubiquitinating enzymes is important for the regulation of cytoophidium's filamentous morphology. Our study provides a framework for the analysis of the effects that ubiquitination and deubiquitination have on the formation of cytoophidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Andreadis
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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20
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Darekar S, Laín S. Asymmetric inheritance of cytoophidia could contribute to determine cell fate and plasticity: The onset of alternative differentiation patterns in daughter cells may rely on the acquisition of either CTPS or IMPDH cytoophidia: The onset of alternative differentiation patterns in daughter cells may rely on the acquisition of either CTPS or IMPDH cytoophidia. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200128. [PMID: 36209393 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two enzymes involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides, CTP synthase (CTPS) and IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), can assemble into a single or very few large filaments called rods and rings (RR) or cytoophidia. Most recently, asymmetric cytoplasmic distribution of organelles during cell division has been described as a decisive event in hematopoietic stem cell fate. We propose that cytoophidia, which could be considered as membrane-less organelles, may also be distributed asymmetrically during mammalian cell division as previously described for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, because each type of nucleotide intervenes in distinct processes (e.g., membrane synthesis, glycosylation, and G protein-signaling), alterations in the rate of synthesis of specific nucleotide types could influence cell differentiation in multiple ways. Therefore, we hypothesize that whether a daughter cell inherits or not CTPS or IMPDH filaments determines its fate and that this asymmetric inheritance, together with the dynamic nature of these structures enables plasticity in a cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Darekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Fang YF, Li YL, Li XM, Liu JL. Super-Resolution Imaging Reveals Dynamic Reticular Cytoophidia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11698. [PMID: 36233000 PMCID: PMC9569780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) can form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in cells in all three domains of life. In order to study the mesoscale structure of cytoophidia, we perform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy in human cells. By using an EGFP dimeric tag as a tool to explore the physical properties of cytoophidia, we find that cytoophidia are dynamic and reticular. The reticular structure of CTPS cytoophidia may provide space for other components, such as IMPDH. In addition, we observe CTPS granules with tentacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi-Lan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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22
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Wang QQ, Ding K, Zhao S, Lu P, Liu JL. Cytoophidia coupling adipose architecture and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:534. [PMID: 36180607 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue architecture determines its unique physiology and function. How these properties are intertwined has remained unclear. Here we show that the metabolic enzyme CTP synthase (CTPS) form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia along the adipocyte cortex in Drosophila adipose tissue. Loss of cytoophidia, whether due to reduced CTPS expression or a point mutation that specifically abrogates its polymerization ability, causes impaired adipocyte adhesion and defective adipose tissue architecture. Moreover, CTPS influences integrin distribution and dot-like deposition of type IV collagen (Col IV). Col IV-integrin signaling reciprocally regulates the assembly of cytoophidia in adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that a positive feedback signaling loop containing both cytoophidia and integrin adhesion complex couple tissue architecture and metabolism in Drosophila adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youfang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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23
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Fu X, Chen W, Pan Y, Liu C, Zhang Z, Shao S, Zhang W. CTPS cytoophidia formation affects cell cycle progression and promotes TSN‑induced apoptosis of MKN45 cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:319. [PMID: 36043523 PMCID: PMC9471557 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) forms filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in numerous types of cell. Toosendanin (TSN) is a tetracyclic triterpenoid and induces CTPS to form cytoophidia in MKN45 cells. However, the effects of CTPS cytoophidia on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, CTPS‑overexpression and R294D‑CTPS mutant vectors were generated to assess the effect of CTPS cytoophidia on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer MKN45 cells. Formation of CTPS cytoophidia significantly inhibited MKN45 cell proliferation (evaluated using EdU incorporation assay), significantly blocked the cell cycle in G1 phase (assessed using flow cytometry) and significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1 (assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively). Furthermore, the number of apoptotic bodies and apoptosis rate were markedly elevated and mitochondrial membrane potential was markedly decreased. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax increased and Bcl‑2 decreased markedly in MKN45 cells following transfection with the CTPS‑overexpression vector. The proliferation rate increased, percentage of G1/G0‑phase cells decreased and apoptosis was attenuated in cells transfected with the R294D‑CTPS mutant vector and this mutation did not lead to formation of cytoophidia. The results of the present study suggested that formation of CTPS cytoophidia inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in MKN45 cells. These results may provide insights into the role of CTPS cytoophidia in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Fu
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Shuli Shao
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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24
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Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Q, Wu W, He Y, Gao J, Zhou R, Jiang L, Qu J, Xia J. Phase-Separated Multienzyme Compartmentalization for Terpene Biosynthesis in a Prokaryote. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203909. [PMID: 35562330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) forms biomolecular condensates or coacervates in cells. Metabolic enzymes can form phase-separated subcellular compartments that enrich enzymes, cofactors, and substrates. Herein, we report the construction of synthetic multienzyme condensates that catalyze the biosynthesis of a terpene, α-farnesene, in the prokaryote E. coli. RGGRGG derived from LAF-1 was used as the scaffold protein to form the condensates by LLPS. Multienzyme condensates were then formed by assembling two enzymes Idi and IspA through an RIAD/RIDD interaction. Multienzyme condensates constructed inside E. coli cells compartmentalized the cytosolic space into regions of high and low enzyme density and led to a significant enhancement of α-farnesene production. This work demonstrates LLPS-driven compartmentalization of the cytosolic space of prokaryotic cells, condensation of a biosynthetic pathway, and enhancement of the biosynthesis of α-farnesene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qixin Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wanjie Wu
- Departments of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanping He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Departments of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Chang CC, Peng M, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Keppeke GD, Sung LY, Liu JL. Molecular crowding facilitates bundling of IMPDH polymers and cytoophidium formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:420. [PMID: 35833994 PMCID: PMC11072341 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytoophidium is a unique type of membraneless compartment comprising of filamentous protein polymers. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo GTP biosynthesis and plays critical roles in active cell metabolism. However, the molecular regulation of cytoophidium formation is poorly understood. Here we show that human IMPDH2 polymers bundle up to form cytoophidium-like aggregates in vitro when macromolecular crowders are present. The self-association of IMPDH polymers is suggested to rely on electrostatic interactions. In cells, the increase of molecular crowding with hyperosmotic medium induces cytoophidia, while the decrease of that by the inhibition of RNA synthesis perturbs cytoophidium assembly. In addition to IMPDH, CTPS and PRPS cytoophidium could be also induced by hyperosmolality, suggesting a universal phenomenon of cytoophidium-forming proteins. Finally, our results indicate that the cytoophidium can prolong the half-life of IMPDH, which is proposed to be one of conserved functions of this subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiale Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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26
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Hu HH, Lu GM, Chang CC, Li Y, Zhong J, Guo CJ, Zhou X, Yin B, Zhang T, Liu JL. Filamentation modulates allosteric regulation of PRPS. eLife 2022; 11:79552. [PMID: 35736577 PMCID: PMC9232217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan, and cofactors NAD and NADP. Abnormal regulation of PRPP synthase (PRPS) is associated with human disorders, including Arts syndrome, retinal dystrophy, and gouty arthritis. Recent studies have demonstrated that PRPS can form filamentous cytoophidia in eukaryotes. Here, we show that PRPS forms cytoophidia in prokaryotes both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we solve two distinct filament structures of E. coli PRPS at near-atomic resolution using Cryo-EM. The formation of the two types of filaments is controlled by the binding of different ligands. One filament type is resistant to allosteric inhibition. The structural comparison reveals conformational changes of a regulatory flexible loop, which may regulate the binding of the allosteric inhibitor and the substrate ATP. A noncanonical allosteric AMP/ADP binding site is identified to stabilize the conformation of the regulatory flexible loop. Our findings not only explore a new mechanism of PRPS regulation with structural basis, but also propose an additional layer of cell metabolism through PRPS filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqi Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Wu Z, Liu JL. CTP synthase does not form cytoophidia in Drosophila interfollicular stalks. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113250. [PMID: 35691380 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) catalyzes the final step of de novo synthesis of the nucleotide CTP. In 2010, CTPS has been found to form filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in Drosophila follicle cells and germline cells. Subsequently, cytoophidia have been reported in many species across three domains of life: bacteria, eukaryotes and archaea. Forming cytoophidia appears to be a highly conserved and ancient property of CTPS. To our surprise, here we find that polar cells and stalk cells, two specialized types of cells composing Drosophila interfollicular stalks, do not possess obvious cytoophidia. We show that Myc level is low in these two types of cells. Treatment with a glutamine analog, 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), increases cytoophidium assembly in main follicle cells, but not in polar cells or stalk cells. Moreover, overexpressing Myc induces cytoophidium formation in stalk cells. When CTPS is overexpressed, cytoophidia can be observed both in stalk cells and polar cells. Our findings provide an interesting paradigm for the in vivo study of cytoophidium assembly and disassembly among different populations of follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 230 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 230 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, China; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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28
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Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Q, Wu W, He Y, Gao J, Zhou R, Jiang L, Qu J, Xia J. Phase‐Separated Multienzyme Compartmentalization for Terpene Biosynthesis in a Prokaryote. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Shaw College: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Min Liu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Qixin Wei
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Wanjie Wu
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Engineering Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Yanping He
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Jiayang Gao
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Life Sciences HONG KONG
| | - Renjie Zhou
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Liwen Jiang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Life Sciences HONG KONG
| | - Jianan Qu
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Engineering Engineering HONG KONG
| | - Jiang Xia
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry SC G59, Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong 00000 Shatin HONG KONG
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29
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GTP-Dependent Regulation of CTP Synthase: Evolving Insights into Allosteric Activation and NH3 Translocation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050647. [PMID: 35625575 PMCID: PMC9138612 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine-5′-triphosphate (CTP) synthase (CTPS) is the class I glutamine-dependent amidotransferase (GAT) that catalyzes the last step in the de novo biosynthesis of CTP. Glutamine hydrolysis is catalyzed in the GAT domain and the liberated ammonia is transferred via an intramolecular tunnel to the synthase domain where the ATP-dependent amination of UTP occurs to form CTP. CTPS is unique among the glutamine-dependent amidotransferases, requiring an allosteric effector (GTP) to activate the GAT domain for efficient glutamine hydrolysis. Recently, the first cryo-electron microscopy structure of Drosophila CTPS was solved with bound ATP, UTP, and, notably, GTP, as well as the covalent adduct with 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine. This structural information, along with the numerous site-directed mutagenesis, kinetics, and structural studies conducted over the past 50 years, provide more detailed insights into the elaborate conformational changes that accompany GTP binding at the GAT domain and their contribution to catalysis. Interactions between GTP and the L2 loop, the L4 loop from an adjacent protomer, the L11 lid, and the L13 loop (or unique flexible “wing” region), induce conformational changes that promote the hydrolysis of glutamine at the GAT domain; however, direct experimental evidence on the specific mechanism by which these conformational changes facilitate catalysis at the GAT domain is still lacking. Significantly, the conformational changes induced by GTP binding also affect the assembly and maintenance of the NH3 tunnel. Hence, in addition to promoting glutamine hydrolysis, the allosteric effector plays an important role in coordinating the reactions catalyzed by the GAT and synthase domains of CTPS.
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30
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Connecting Ras and CTP synthase in Drosophila. Exp Cell Res 2022; 416:113155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Sun Z, Zhang Z, Wang QQ, Liu JL. Combined Inactivation of CTPS1 and ATR Is Synthetically Lethal to MYC-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1013-1024. [PMID: 35022212 PMCID: PMC9359733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The "undruggable" oncogene MYC supports cancer cell proliferation and survival through parallel induction of multiple anabolic processes. Here we find that inhibiting CTP synthase (CTPS) selectively decreases cell viability and induces DNA replication stress in MYC-overexpressing cells. MYC-driven rRNA synthesis caused the selective DNA replication stress upon CTPS inhibition. Combined inhibition of CTPS and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) is synthetically lethal in MYC-overexpressing cells, promoting cell death in vitro and decreasing tumor growth in vivo. Unexpectedly, interfering with CTPS1 but not CTPS2 is required to induce replication stress in MYC-deregulated cancer cells and consequent cell death in the presence of an ATR inhibitor. These results highlight a specific and key role of CTPS1 in MYC-driven cancer, suggesting that selectively inhibiting CTPS1 in combination with ATR could be a promising strategy to combat disease progression. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of CTPS in MYC-overexpressing cells blocks pyrimidine synthesis while maintaining ribosome synthesis activity to create an anabolic imbalance that induces replication stress, providing a new approach to selectively target MYC-driven cancer. See related commentary by Chabanon and Postel-Vinay, p. 969.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Corresponding Author: Ji-Long Liu, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China. Phone: 8618-2176-28315; E-mail:
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32
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Zhong J, Guo CJ, Zhou X, Chang CC, Yin B, Zhang T, Hu H, Lu GM, Liu JL. Structural basis of dynamic P5CS filaments. eLife 2022; 11:76107. [PMID: 35286254 PMCID: PMC8963878 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is vital to the synthesis of proline and ornithine, playing an essential role in human health and agriculture. Pathogenic mutations in the P5CS gene (ALDH18A1) lead to neurocutaneous syndrome and skin relaxation connective tissue disease in humans, and P5CS deficiency seriously damages the ability to resist adversity in plants. We have recently found that P5CS forms cytoophidia in vivo and filaments in vitro. However, it is difficult to appreciate the function of P5CS filamentation without precise structures. Using cryo-electron microscopy, here we solve the structures of Drosophila full-length P5CS in three states at resolution from 3.1 to 4.3 Å. We observe distinct ligand-binding states and conformational changes for the GK and GPR domains, respectively. Divergent helical filaments are assembled by P5CS tetramers and stabilized by multiple interfaces. Point mutations disturbing those interfaces prevent P5CS filamentation and greatly reduce the enzymatic activity. Our findings reveal that filamentation is crucial for the coordination between the GK and GPR domains, providing a structural basis for the catalytic function of P5CS filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqi Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Krämer M, Dörfer E, Hickl D, Bellin L, Scherer V, Möhlmann T. Cytidine Triphosphate Synthase Four From Arabidopsis thaliana Attenuates Drought Stress Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:842156. [PMID: 35360303 PMCID: PMC8960734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.842156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) catalyzes the final step in pyrimidine de novo synthesis. In Arabidopsis, this protein family consists of five members (CTPS1-5), and all of them localize to the cytosol. Specifically, CTPS4 showed a massive upregulation of transcript levels during abiotic stress, in line with increased staining of CTPS4 promoter:GUS lines in hypocotyl, root and to lesser extend leaf tissues. In a setup to study progressive drought stress, CTPS4 knockout mutants accumulated less fresh and dry weight at days 5-7 and showed impaired ability to recover from this stress after 3 days of rewatering. Surprisingly, a thorough physiological characterization of corresponding plants only revealed alterations in assimilation and accumulation of soluble sugars including those related to drought stress in the mutant. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies indicated the interaction of CTPS4 with other isoforms, possibly affecting cytoophidia (filaments formed by CTPS formation. Although the function of these structures has not been thoroughly investigated in plants, altered enzyme activity and effects on cell structure are reported in other organisms. CTPS activity is required for cell cycle progression and growth. Furthermore, drought can lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by this, to DNA damage. We hypothesize that effects on the cell cycle or DNA repair might be relevant for the observed impaired reduced drought stress tolerance of CTPS4 mutants.
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34
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Ajazi A, Choudhary R, Tronci L, Bachi A, Bruhn C. CTP sensing and Mec1ATR-Rad53CHK1/CHK2 mediate a two-layered response to inhibition of glutamine metabolism. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010101. [PMID: 35239666 PMCID: PMC8923462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine analogs are potent suppressors of general glutamine metabolism with anti-cancer activity. 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is an orally available glutamine analog which has been recently improved by structural modification for cancer treatment. Here, we explored the chemogenomic landscape of DON sensitivity using budding yeast as model organism. We identify evolutionarily conserved proteins that mediate cell resistance to glutamine analogs, namely Ura8CTPS1/2, Hpt1HPRT1, Mec1ATR, Rad53CHK1/CHK2 and Rtg1. We describe a function of Ura8 as inducible CTP synthase responding to inhibition of glutamine metabolism and propose a model for its regulation by CTP levels and Nrd1-dependent transcription termination at a cryptic unstable transcript. Disruption of the inducible CTP synthase under DON exposure hyper-activates the Mec1-Rad53 DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, which prevents chromosome breakage. Simultaneous inhibition of CTP synthase and Mec1 kinase synergistically sensitizes cells to DON, whereas CTP synthase over-expression hampers DDR mutant sensitivity. Using genome-wide suppressor screening, we identify factors promoting DON-induced CTP depletion (TORC1, glutamine transporter) and DNA breakage in DDR mutants. Together, our results identify CTP regulation and the Mec1-Rad53 DDR axis as key glutamine analog response pathways, and provide a rationale for the combined targeting of glutamine and CTP metabolism in DDR-deficient cancers. Cancer cell proliferation is supported by high metabolic activity. Targeting metabolic pathways is therefore a strategy to suppress cancer cell growth and survival. Glutamine is a key metabolite that supports a plethora of anabolic, growth-promoting reactions in the cell. Therefore, the use of small molecules that block glutamine-dependent reactions has been extensively investigated in cancer therapy. Knowledge about the pathways that influence sensitivity towards glutamine metabolism inhibitors would help to tailor the use of such glutamine-targeting therapies. In this study, we use budding yeast as model system to identify the pathways that mediate or restrict the toxicity of a representative inhibitor of glutamine metabolism, the glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). We describe a response mechanism mediated by an inducible CTP synthase that promotes nucleotide homeostasis during DON exposure to prevent DNA breaks. Moreover, we show that combined inhibition of the inducible CTP synthase and DNA damage response enhances DON toxicity, pointing out a potential therapeutic application in cancers with defective DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arta Ajazi
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (AA); (CB)
| | | | - Laura Tronci
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher Bruhn
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (AA); (CB)
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35
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Shan Z, Ghadirian N, Lyumkis D, Horton NC. Pre-Transition State and Apo Structures of the Filament-Forming Enzyme SgrAI Elucidate Mechanisms of Activation and Substrate Specificity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101760. [PMID: 35202658 PMCID: PMC8960973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme filamentation is a widespread phenomenon that mediates enzyme regulation and function. For the filament-forming sequence-specific DNA endonuclease SgrAI, the process of filamentation both accelerates its DNA cleavage activity and expands its DNA sequence specificity, thus allowing for many additional DNA sequences to be rapidly cleaved. Both outcomes—the acceleration of DNA cleavage and the expansion of sequence specificity—are proposed to regulate critical processes in bacterial innate immunity. However, the mechanistic bases underlying these events remain unclear. Herein, we describe two new structures of the SgrAI enzyme that shed light on its catalytic function. First, we present the cryo-EM structure of filamentous SgrAI bound to intact primary site DNA and Ca2+ resolved to ∼2.5 Å within the catalytic center, which represents the trapped enzyme–DNA complex prior to the DNA cleavage reaction. This structure reveals important conformational changes that contribute to the catalytic mechanism and the binding of a second divalent cation in the enzyme active site, which is expected to contribute to increased DNA cleavage activity of SgrAI in the filamentous state. Second, we present an X-ray crystal structure of DNA-free (apo) SgrAI resolved to 2.0 Å resolution, which reveals a disordered loop involved in DNA recognition. Collectively, these multiple new observations clarify the mechanism of expansion of DNA sequence specificity of SgrAI, including the indirect readout of sequence-dependent DNA structure, changes in protein–DNA interactions, and the disorder-to-order transition of a crucial DNA recognition element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Shan
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Niloofar Ghadirian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Dmitry Lyumkis
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037.
| | - N C Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721.
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36
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Miura N. Condensate Formation by Metabolic Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020232. [PMID: 35208686 PMCID: PMC8876316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensate formation by a group of metabolic enzymes in the cell is an efficient way of regulating cell metabolism through the formation of “membrane-less organelles.” Because of the use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) for investigating protein localization, various enzymes were found to form condensates or filaments in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cells, and in other organisms, thereby regulating cell metabolism in the certain status of the cells. Among different environmental stresses, hypoxia triggers the spatial reorganization of many proteins, including more than 20 metabolic enzymes, to form numerous condensates, including “Glycolytic body (G-body)” and “Purinosome.” These individual condensates are collectively named “Metabolic Enzymes Transiently Assembling (META) body”. This review overviews condensate or filament formation by metabolic enzymes in S. cerevisiae, focusing on the META body, and recent reports in elucidating regulatory machinery of META body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Miura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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37
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Thangadurai S, Bajgiran M, Manickam S, Mohana-Kumaran N, Azzam G. CTP synthase: the hissing of the cellular serpent. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:517-534. [PMID: 35881195 PMCID: PMC9314535 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CTP biosynthesis is carried out by two pathways: salvage and de novo. CTPsyn catalyzes the latter. The study of CTPsyn activity in mammalian cells began in the 1970s, and various fascinating discoveries were made regarding the role of CTPsyn in cancer and development. However, its ability to fit into a cellular serpent-like structure, termed 'cytoophidia,' was only discovered a decade ago by three independent groups of scientists. Although the self-assembly of CTPsyn into a filamentous structure is evolutionarily conserved, the enzyme activity upon this self-assembly varies in different species. CTPsyn is required for cellular development and homeostasis. Changes in the expression of CTPsyn cause developmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster. A high level of CTPsyn activity and formation of cytoophidia are often observed in rapidly proliferating cells such as in stem and cancer cells. Meanwhile, the deficiency of CTPsyn causes severe immunodeficiency leading to immunocompromised diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, making CTPsyn an attractive therapeutic target. Here, we provide an overview of the role of CTPsyn in cellular and disease perspectives along with its potential as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallinie Thangadurai
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Morteza Bajgiran
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sharvin Manickam
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nethia Mohana-Kumaran
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ghows Azzam
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia ,grid.454125.3Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
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38
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Bellin L, Scherer V, Dörfer E, Lau A, Vicente AM, Meurer J, Hickl D, Möhlmann T. Cytosolic CTP Production Limits the Establishment of Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:789189. [PMID: 34917117 PMCID: PMC8669480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.789189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CTP synthases (CTPS) comprise a protein family of the five members CTPS1-CTPS5 in Arabidopsis, all located in the cytosol. Specifically, downregulation of CTPS2 by amiRNA technology results in plants with defects in chlorophyll accumulation and photosynthetic performance early in development. CTP and its deoxy form dCTP are present at low levels in developing seedlings. Thus, under conditions of fast proliferation, the synthesis of CTP (dCTP) can become a limiting factor for RNA and DNA synthesis. The higher sensitivity of ami-CTPS2 lines toward the DNA-Gyrase inhibitor ciprofloxacin, together with reduced plastid DNA copy number and 16S and 23S chloroplast ribosomal RNA support this view. High expression and proposed beneficial biochemical features render CTPS2 the most important isoform for early seedling development. In addition, CTPS2 was identified as an essential enzyme in embryo development before, as knock-out mutants were embryo lethal. In line with this, ami-CTPS2 lines also exhibited reduced seed numbers per plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Bellin
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Vanessa Scherer
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eva Dörfer
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anne Lau
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexandre Magno Vicente
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Hickl
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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39
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Hansen JM, Horowitz A, Lynch EM, Farrell DP, Quispe J, DiMaio F, Kollman JM. Cryo-EM structures of CTP synthase filaments reveal mechanism of pH-sensitive assembly during budding yeast starvation. eLife 2021; 10:73368. [PMID: 34734801 PMCID: PMC8641951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many metabolic enzymes self-assemble into micron-scale filaments to organize and regulate metabolism. The appearance of these assemblies often coincides with large metabolic changes as in development, cancer, and stress. Yeast undergo cytoplasmic acidification upon starvation, triggering the assembly of many metabolic enzymes into filaments. However, it is unclear how these filaments assemble at the molecular level and what their role is in the yeast starvation response. CTP Synthase (CTPS) assembles into metabolic filaments across many species. Here, we characterize in vitro polymerization and investigate in vivo consequences of CTPS assembly in yeast. Cryo-EM structures reveal a pH-sensitive assembly mechanism and highly ordered filament bundles that stabilize an inactive state of the enzyme, features unique to yeast CTPS. Disruption of filaments in cells with non-assembly or pH-insensitive mutations decreases growth rate, reflecting the importance of regulated CTPS filament assembly in homeotstasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure, and Design, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Avital Horowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eric M Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Daniel P Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joel Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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40
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Drosophila intestinal homeostasis requires CTP synthase. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112838. [PMID: 34560103 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) senses all four nucleotides and forms filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in all three domains of life. How CTPS and cytoophidia function in a developmental context, however, remains underexplored. We report that CTPS forms cytoophidia in a subset of cells in the Drosophila midgut. We found that cytoophidia exist in intestinal stem cells (ISC) and enteroblasts in similar proportions. Both refeeding after starvation and feeding with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induce ISC proliferation and elongate cytoophidia. Knockdown of CTPS inhibits ISC proliferation. Remarkably, disruption of CTPS cytoophidia inhibits DSS-induced ISC proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that both the expression level and the filament-form property of CTPS are crucial for intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila.
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41
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Yoon J, Cho L, Kim S, Tun W, Peng X, Pasriga R, Moon S, Hong W, Ji H, Jung K, Jeon J, An G. CTP synthase is essential for early endosperm development by regulating nuclei spacing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2177-2191. [PMID: 34058048 PMCID: PMC8541778 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grain endosperms are an important source of human nutrition. Nuclear division in early endosperm development plays a major role in determining seed size; however, this development is not well understood. We identified the rice mutant endospermless 2 (enl2), which shows defects in the early stages of endosperm development. These phenotypes arise from mutations in OsCTPS1 that encodes a cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS). Both wild-type and mutant endosperms were normal at 8 h after pollination (HAP). In contrast, at 24 HAP, enl2 endosperm had approximately 10-16 clumped nuclei while wild-type nuclei had increased in number and migrated to the endosperm periphery. Staining of microtubules in endosperm at 24 HAP revealed that wild-type nuclei were evenly distributed by microtubules while the enl2-2 nuclei were tightly packed due to their reduction in microtubule association. In addition, OsCTPS1 interacts with tubulins; thus, these observations suggest that OsCTPS1 may be involved in microtubule formation. OsCTPS1 transiently formed macromolecular structures in the endosperm during early developmental stages, further supporting the idea that OsCTPS1 may function as a structural component during endosperm development. Finally, overexpression of OsCTPS1 increased seed weight by promoting endosperm nuclear division, suggesting that this trait could be used to increase grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
- Department of Plant BioscienceCollege of Natural Resources and Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Lae‐Hyeon Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
- Department of Plant BioscienceCollege of Natural Resources and Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryangRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Ryul Kim
- Gene Identification and Validation GroupGenetic Design and Validation UnitInternational Rice Research Institute (IRRI)Metro ManilaPhilippines
| | - Win Tun
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Xin Peng
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
- Institution of Genomics and BioinformaticsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Woo‐Jong Hong
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeonso Ji
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Ki‐Hong Jung
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
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42
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Zhou XL, Chang CC, Liu JL. Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Cytoophidia Neighbor Insulin Granules in Pancreatic β Cells. Pancreas 2021; 50:e62-e64. [PMID: 34643616 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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43
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Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS), which comprises an ammonia ligase domain and a glutamine amidotransferase domain, catalyzes the final step of de novo CTP biosynthesis. The activity of CTPS is regulated by the binding of four nucleotides and glutamine. While glutamine serves as an ammonia donor for the ATP-dependent conversion of UTP to CTP, the fourth nucleotide GTP acts as an allosteric activator. Models have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of action at the active site of the ammonia ligase domain and the conformational changes derived by GTP binding. However, actual GTP/ATP/UTP binding modes and relevant conformational changes have not been revealed fully. Here, we report the discovery of binding modes of four nucleotides and a glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine in Drosophila CTPS by cryo-electron microscopy with near-atomic resolution. Interactions between GTP and surrounding residues indicate that GTP acts to coordinate reactions at both domains by directly blocking ammonia leakage and stabilizing the ammonia tunnel. Additionally, we observe the ATP-dependent UTP phosphorylation intermediate and determine interacting residues at the ammonia ligase. A noncanonical CTP binding at the ATP binding site suggests another layer of feedback inhibition. Our findings not only delineate the structure of CTPS in the presence of all substrates but also complete our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the allosteric regulation and CTP synthesis.
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44
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liu JL. Highly effective proximate labeling in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6173991. [PMID: 33724396 PMCID: PMC8104946 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a basic strategy for life to operate. The analysis of PPIs in multicellular organisms is very important but extremely challenging because PPIs are particularly dynamic and variable among different development stages, tissues, cells, and even organelles. Therefore, understanding PPI needs a good resolution of time and space. More importantly, understanding in vivo PPI needs to be realized in situ. Proximity-based biotinylation combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful approach to study PPI networks and protein subcellular compartmentation. TurboID, the newly engineered promiscuous ligase, has been reported to label proximate proteins effectively in various species. In Drosophila, we systematically apply TurboID-mediated biotinylation in a wide range of developmental stages and tissues, and demonstrate the feasibility of TurboID-mediated labeling system in desired cell types. For a proof-of-principle, we use the TurboID-mediated biotinylation coupled with MS to distinguish CTP synthase with or without the ability to form filamentous cytoophidia, retrieving two distinct sets of proximate proteomes. Therefore, this makes it possible to map PPIs in vivo and in situ at a defined spatiotemporal resolution, and demonstrates a referable resource for cytoophidium proteome in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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45
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Zhang S, Feng HC, Liu JL. ASNS disruption shortens CTPS cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6080684. [PMID: 33561249 PMCID: PMC8022725 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and CTP synthase (CTPS) are two metabolic enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of asparagine and CTP, respectively. Both CTPS and ASNS have been identified to form cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutamine is a common substrate for both these enzymes, and they play an important role in glutamine homeostasis. Here, we find that the ASNS cytoophidia are shorter than the CTPS cytoophidia, and that disruption of ASNS shortens the length of CTPS cytoophidia. However, the deletion of CTPS has no effect on the formation and length of ASNS cytoophidia, or on the ASNS protein level. We also find that Asn1 overexpression induces the formation of a multi-dot structure in diauxic phase which suggests that the increased protein level may trigger cytoophidia formation. Collectively, our results reveal a connection between ASNS cytoophidia and CTPS cytoophidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Han-Chao Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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46
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Chang CC, Keppeke GD, Antos CL, Peng M, Andrade LEC, Sung LY, Liu JL. CTPS forms the cytoophidium in zebrafish. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112684. [PMID: 34129847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo CTP biosynthesis. An intracellular structure of CTPS, the cytoophidium, has been found in many organisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Formation of the cytoophidium has been suggested to regulate the activity and stability of CTPS and may participate in certain physiological events. Herein, we demonstrate that both CTPS1a and CTPS1b in zebrafish are able to form the cytoophidium in cultured cells. A point mutation, H355A, abrogates cytoophidium assembly of zebrafish CTPS1a and CTPS1b. In addition, we show the presence of CTPS cytoophidia in multiple tissues of larval and adult fish under normal conditions, while treatment with a CTPS inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) can induce more cytoophidia in some tissues. Our findings reveal that forming the CTPS cytoophidium is a natural phenomenon of zebrafish and provide valuable information for future research on the physiological importance of this intracellular structure in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Christopher L Antos
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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47
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Simonet JC, Burrell AL, Kollman JM, Peterson JR. Freedom of assembly: metabolic enzymes come together. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 31:1201-1205. [PMID: 32463766 PMCID: PMC7353150 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different enzymes in intermediate metabolism dynamically assemble filamentous polymers in cells, often in response to changes in physiological conditions. Most of the enzyme filaments known to date have only been observed in cells, but in a handful of cases structural and biochemical studies have revealed the mechanisms and consequences of assembly. In general, enzyme polymerization functions as a mechanism to allosterically tune enzyme kinetics, and it may play a physiological role in integrating metabolic signaling. Here, we highlight some principles of metabolic filaments by focusing on two well-studied examples in nucleotide biosynthesis pathways—inosine-5’-monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase and cytosine triphosphate (CTP) synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika L Burrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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48
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Keppeke GD, Chang CC, Antos CL, Peng M, Sung LY, Andrade LEC, Liu JL. IMPDH forms the cytoophidium in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2021; 478:89-101. [PMID: 34048735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. Its activity is negatively regulated by the binding of GTP. IMPDH can form a membraneless subcellular structure termed the cytoophidium in response to certain changes in the metabolic status of the cell. The polymeric form of IMPDH, which is the subunit of the cytoophidium, has been shown to be more resistant to the inhibition by GTP at physiological concentrations, implying a functional correlation between cytoophidium formation and the upregulation of GTP biosynthesis. Herein we demonstrate that zebrafish IMPDH1b and IMPDH2 isoforms can assemble abundant cytoophidium in most of cultured cells under stimuli, while zebrafish IMPDH1a shows distinctive properties of forming the cytoophidium in different cell types. Point mutations that disrupt cytoophidium structure in mammalian models also prevent the aggregation of zebrafish IMPDHs. In addition, we discover the presence of the IMPDH cytoophidium in various tissues of larval and adult fish under normal growth conditions. Our results reveal that polymerization and cytoophidium assembly of IMPDH can be a regulatory machinery conserved among vertebrates, and with specific physiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Christopher L Antos
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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49
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Peng M, Chang CC, Liu JL, Sung LY. CTPS and IMPDH form cytoophidia in developmental thymocytes. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112662. [PMID: 34022203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoophidium, a filamentous structure formed by metabolic enzymes, has emerged as a novel regulatory machinery for certain proteins. The rate-limiting enzymes of de novo CTP and GTP synthesis, cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), are the most characterized cytoophidium-forming enzymes in mammalian models. Although the assembly of CTPS cytoophidia has been demonstrated in various organisms including multiple human cancers, a systemic survey for the presence of CTPS cytoophidia in mammalian tissues in normal physiological conditions has not yet been reported. Herein, we examine major organs of adult mouse and observe that CTPS cytoophidia are displayed by a specific thymocyte population ranging between DN3 to early DP stages. Most of these cytoophidium-presenting cells have both CTPS and IMPDH cytoophidia and undergo rapid cell proliferation. In addition, we show that cytoophidium formation is associated with active glycolytic metabolism as the cytoophidium-presenting cells exhibit higher levels of c-Myc, phospho-Akt and PFK. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2DG, however, disrupts most of cytoophidium structures and impairs cell proliferation. Our findings not only indicate that the regulation of CTPS and IMPDH cytoophidia are correlated with the metabolic switch triggered by pre-TCR signaling, but also suggest physiological roles of the cytoophidium in thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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50
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Jin H, Abouzaid M, Lin Y, Hull JJ, Ma W. Cloning and RNAi-mediated three lethal genes that can be potentially used for Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) management. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104828. [PMID: 33838721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has gained attention in recent years as a viable pest control strategy. Here, RNAi assays were performed to screen the potential functionality of genes in Chilo suppressalis, a serious pest of rice, and to determine their potential for developing a highly targeted molecular control approach. Potential homologs of NADH dehydrogenase (ND), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and male specific lethal 3 (MSL3) were cloned from C. suppressalis, and their spatiotemporal gene expression evaluated. The expression of all three genes was higher in the pupal and adult stages than the larval stages and largely higher in the larval head compared to other tissues. Newly hatched larvae exhibited high mortalities and suppressed growth when fed bacteria producing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) corresponding to the three target genes. This study provides insights into the function of ND, GPDH and MSL3 during C. suppressalis larval development and suggests that all may be candidate gene targets for C. suppressalis pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mostafa Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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