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Parra-Flores P, Espitia-Corredor J, Espinoza-Pérez C, Queirolo C, Ayala P, Brüggendieck F, Salas-Hernández A, Pardo-Jiménez V, Díaz-Araya G. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation Prevents Rat Cardiac Fibroblast Death Induced by Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:660197. [PMID: 34169098 PMCID: PMC8217466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.660197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Death of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has major implications for cardiac wound healing. In in vivo models of myocardial infarction, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation has been reported as a cardioprotector; however, it remains unknown whether TLR4 activation can prevent CF death triggered by simulated I/R (sI/R). In this study, we analyzed TLR4 activation in neonate CFs exposed to an in vitro model of sI/R and explored the participation of the pro-survival kinases Akt and ERK1/2. Simulated ischemia was performed in a free oxygen chamber in an ischemic medium, whereas reperfusion was carried out in normal culture conditions. Cell viability was analyzed by trypan blue exclusion and the MTT assay. Necrotic and apoptotic cell populations were evaluated by flow cytometry. Protein levels of phosphorylated forms of Akt and ERK1/2 were analyzed by Western blot. We showed that sI/R triggers CF death by necrosis and apoptosis. In CFs exposed only to simulated ischemia or only to sI/R, blockade of the TLR4 with TAK-242 further reduced cell viability and the activation of Akt and ERK1/2. Preconditioning with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or treatment with LPS in ischemia or reperfusion was not protective. However, LPS incubation during both ischemia and reperfusion periods prevented CF viability loss induced by sI/R. Furthermore, LPS treatment reduced the sub-G1 population, but not necrosis of CFs exposed to sI/R. On the other hand, the protective effects exhibited by LPS were abolished when TLR4 was blocked and Akt and ERK1/2 were inhibited. In conclusion, our results suggest that TLR4 activation protects CFs from apoptosis induced by sI/R through the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Parra-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenaro Espitia-Corredor
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Espinoza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Queirolo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ayala
- Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Brüggendieck
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aimee Salas-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacodependence, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Viviana Pardo-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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DU Q, Hao C, Gou J, Li X, Zou K, He X, Li Z. Protective effects of p-nitro caffeic acid phenethyl ester on acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1433-1440. [PMID: 27073461 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes widespread cardiomyocyte dysfunction, including apoptosis and necrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the possible cardioprotective effects of p-nitro caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE-NO2) on myocardial IR-induced injury in vivo. To generate a rat model of myocardial IR, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. The rats were administered either the sham treatment (the sham and IR control groups) or the therapeutic agents [the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and CAPE-NO2 groups] 10 min prior to the occlusion. Myocardial IR-induced injury is characterized by: A significant increase in the levels of myocardial enzymes, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase; a marked increase in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression levels, lipid peroxidation products and inflammatory mediators; and a significant decrease in myocardial antioxidants, including catalase, total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In the present study, pretreatment with CAPE-NO2 significantly ameliorated these changes, and decreased the infarct size, as compared with the IR control group (10.32±3.8 vs. 35.65±5.4%). Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that pretreatment with CAPE-NO2 downregulated the myocardial IR-induced protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, P38 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CAPE-NO2 also upregulated the myocardial IR-induced expression levels of Bcl-2, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, phosphorylated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that CAPE-NO2 demonstrated improved cardioprotective effects, as compared with CAPE; therefore, CAPE-NO2 may represent a novel approach to pharmacological cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin DU
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhi Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Zhubo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
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Baskaran R, Kalaiselvi P, Huang CY, Padma VV. Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, offers protection against cobalt chloride-mediated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in muscle cells. Integr Med Res 2015; 4:231-241. [PMID: 28664130 PMCID: PMC5481801 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from Nelumbo nucifera has a wide range of biological activities. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was known to mimic hypoxic condition. In the present study, we assessed the cytoprotective effect of neferine against CoCl2-induced oxidative stress in muscle cells. Methods Rhabdomyosarcoma cells were exposed to different concentrations of CoCl2, and the IC50 value was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Lactate dehydrogenase and NO assays were performed in order to determine the cytotoxic effect of CoCl2. Reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidant status were determined for evaluating oxidative stress. For analyzing the effect of neferine on CoCl2-induced apoptosis, propidium iodide staining was performed. Results The results of the present study indicate that CoCl2 induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Neferine pretreatment at 700 nM concentration offers better cytoprotection in the cells exposed to CoCl2. Lactate dehydrogenase and NO release in the culture medium were restored after neferine pretreatment. CoCl2 triggers time-dependent reactive oxygen species generation in muscle cells. Further, results of propidium iodide staining, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular calcium accumulation confirm that neferine offers protection against CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury. Depleted activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase due to CoCl2 exposure were also reinstated in the group that received neferine pretreatment. Conclusion Our study suggests that neferine from N. nucifera offers protection to muscle cells by counteracting the oxidative stress induced by CoCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Baskaran
- DRDO BU Center for Life Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Kalaiselvi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- DRDO BU Center for Life Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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The Development of Early-Onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia after Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass is Associated with Toll-like Receptor 4 Signal Transduction Pathways. Inflammation 2014; 38:187-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu H, Guo X, Chu Y, Lu S. Heart protective effects and mechanism of quercetin preconditioning on anti-myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injuries in rats. Gene 2014; 545:149-55. [PMID: 24769323 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of quercetin preconditioning on anti-myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injuries in vivo. Meanwhile, their potential anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation effect were assessed. SD rats were orally given quercetin 250 mg/kg. Myocardium apoptosis was determined with TUNEL staining. The biomarkers related to myocardial ischemia injury were determined. Simultaneously, hemodynamic parameters were monitored as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximal rate of increase and decrease of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax). The oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were also evaluated. Western blot method was used for analysis of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions. The results showed that quercetin significantly reduced apoptosis rate, improved cardiac function, decreased levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Quercetin also restrained the oxidative stress related to myocardial ischemia injury as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), and elevated GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cascade was inhibited as evidenced by decreased cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Our results still showed that quercetin pretreatment significantly inhibited the apoptosis by decreasing the number of apoptotic cells, decreasing the level of cleaved Bax, and increasing the level of Bcl-2 in rats subjected to I/R injury. Simultaneously, quercetin pretreatment markedly increased the phosphorylation of Akt. Blockade of PI3K activity by LY294002, dramatically abolished its anti-apoptotic effect and lowered Akt phosphorylation level. It can be concluded that quercetin pretreatment was protected against myocardium IR injury by decreasing oxidative stress, repressing inflammatory cascade, inhibiting apoptosis in vivo and PI3K/Akt pathway involved in the anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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