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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Mougharbil N, Koubar S, Eid AH, Eid AA, El-Yazbi AF. Peri-renal adipose inflammation contributes to renal dysfunction in a non-obese prediabetic rat model: Role of anti-diabetic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114491. [PMID: 33647265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose. Here, we extend our prior research work implicating localized inflammation in specific adipose depots in initiating cardiovascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment. Non-obese prediabetic rats showed elevated glomerular filtration rates and mild proteinuria in absence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and signs of systemic inflammation. Isolated perfused kidneys from these rats showed impaired renovascular endothelial feedback in response to vasopressors and increased flow. While endothelium dependent dilation remained functional, renovascular relaxation in prediabetic rats was not mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins as in control tissues, but rather an upregulation of the function of epoxy eicosatrienoic acids was observed. This was coupled with signs of peri-renal adipose tissue (PRAT) inflammation and renal structural damage. A two-week treatment with non-hypoglycemic doses of metformin or pioglitazone, shown previously to ameliorate adipose inflammation, not only reversed PRAT inflammation in prediabetic rats, but also reversed the observed functional, renovascular, and structural renal abnormalities. The present results suggest that peri-renal adipose inflammation triggers renal dysfunction early in the course of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Koubar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt.
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Elkhatib MAW, Mroueh A, Rafeh RW, Sleiman F, Fouad H, Saad EI, Fouda MA, Elgaddar O, Issa K, Eid AH, Eid AA, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Amelioration of perivascular adipose inflammation reverses vascular dysfunction in a model of nonobese prediabetic metabolic challenge: potential role of antidiabetic drugs. Transl Res 2019; 214:121-143. [PMID: 31408626 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The onset of vascular impairment precedes that of diagnostic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients suggesting a vascular insult early in the course of metabolic dysfunction without a well-defined mechanism. Mounting evidence implicates adipose inflammation in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes. It is not certain whether amelioration of adipose inflammation is sufficient to preclude vascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic disease. Recent findings suggest that antidiabetic drugs, metformin, and pioglitazone, improve vascular function in prediabetic patients, without an indication if this protective effect is mediated by reduction of adipose inflammation. Here, we used a prediabetic rat model with delayed development of hyperglycemia to study the effect of metformin or pioglitazone on adipose inflammation and vascular function. At the end of the metabolic challenge, these rats were neither obese, hypertensive, nor hyperglycemic. However, they showed increased pressor responses to phenylephrine and augmented aortic and mesenteric contraction. Vascular tissues from prediabetic rats showed increased Rho-associated kinase activity causing enhanced calcium sensitization. An elevated level of reactive oxygen species was seen in aortic tissues together with increased Transforming growth factor β1 and Interleukin-1β expression. Although, no signs of systemic inflammation were detected, perivascular adipose inflammation was observed. Adipocyte hypertrophy, increased macrophage infiltration, and elevated Transforming growth factor β1 and Interleukin-1β mRNA levels were seen. Two-week treatment with metformin or pioglitazone or switching to normal chow ameliorated adipose inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Localized perivascular adipose inflammation is sufficient to trigger vascular dysfunction early in the course of diabetes. Interfering with this inflammatory process reverses this early abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A W Elkhatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali Mroueh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rim W Rafeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Sleiman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hosny Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Evan I Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola Elgaddar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khodr Issa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Does combined peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-agonist and pravastatin therapy attenuate the onset of diabetes-induced experimental nephropathy? Saudi Med J 2014; 35:1339-47. [PMID: 25399210 PMCID: PMC4362144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the combined effects of rosiglitazone and pravastatin on renal functions in early streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS This study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital Animal House, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from August 2013 to February 2014. Fifty male Wistar rats were assigned to normal control rats and diabetic rats that received saline, rosiglitazone, pravastatin, or rosiglitazone+pravastatin for 2 months. Their weight range was 230-250 gm, and age range was from 18-20 weeks. At the end of experiment, creatinine clearance, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured. Blood samples were analyzed for transferrin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and lipid peroxide. RESULTS Rosiglitazone treatment increased creatinine clearance and plasma transferrin, and decreased urinary ACR, HbA1c, plasma TNF-α, ICAM-1, and serum lipid peroxide levels without affecting the altered lipid profile. Pravastatin treatment produced similar results and normalized the lipid alteration. The combination of rosiglitazone and pravastatin was more effective in attenuating the diabetes-induced nephropathy compared with treatment with either drug alone. CONCLUSION The combination strategy of rosiglitazone and pravastatin may provide a potential synergistic renoprotective effect against DN by improving renal functions and reducing indices of DN.
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Sharma AK, Kanawat DS, Mishra A, Dhakad PK, Sharma P, Srivastava V, Joshi S, Joshi M, Raikwar SK, Kurmi MK, Srinivasan BP. Dual therapy of vildagliptin and telmisartan on diabetic nephropathy in experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:410-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313475908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Devendra Singh Kanawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Dhakad
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Varnika Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Megha Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Raikwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
| | - Muneem Kumar Kurmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, India
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