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Reyes BAS, Kravets JL, Connelly KL, Unterwald EM, Van Bockstaele EJ. Localization of the delta opioid receptor and corticotropin-releasing factor in the amygdalar complex: role in anxiety. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1007-1026. [PMID: 27376372 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that central nervous system norepinephrine (NE) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems are important mediators of behavioral responses to stressors. More recent studies have defined a role for delta opioid receptors (DOPR) in maintaining emotional valence including anxiety. The amygdala plays an important role in processing emotional stimuli, and has been implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. Activation of DOPR or inhibition of CRF in the amygdala reduces baseline and stress-induced anxiety-like responses. It is not known whether CRF- and DOPR-containing amygdalar neurons interact or whether they are regulated by NE afferents. Therefore, this study sought to better define interactions between the CRF, DOPR and NE systems in the basolateral (BLA) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of the male rat using anatomical and functional approaches. Irrespective of the amygdalar subregion, dual immunofluorescence microscopy showed that DOPR was present in CRF-containing neurons. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that DOPR was localized to both dendritic processes and axon terminals in the BLA and CeA. Semi-quantitative dual immunoelectron microscopy analysis of gold-silver labeling for DOPR and immunoperoxidase labeling for CRF revealed that 55 % of the CRF neurons analyzed contained DOPR in the BLA while 67 % of the CRF neurons analyzed contained DOPR in the CeA. Furthermore, approximately 41 % of DOPR-labeled axon terminals targeted BLA neurons that expressed CRF while 29 % of DOPR-labeled axon terminals targeted CeA neurons that expressed CRF. Triple label immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that DOPR and CRF were co-localized in common cellular profiles that were in close proximity to NE-containing fibers in both subregions. These anatomical results indicate significant interactions between DOPR and CRF in this critical limbic region and reveal that NE is poised to regulate these peptidergic systems in the amygdala. Functional studies were performed to determine if activation of DOPR could inhibit the anxiety produced by elevation of NE in the amygdala using the pharmacological stressor yohimbine. Administration of the DOPR agonist, SNC80, significantly attenuated elevated anxiogenic behaviors produced by yohimbine as measured in the rat on the elevated zero maze. Taken together, results from this study demonstrate the convergence of three important systems, NE, CRF, and DOPR, in the amygdala and provide insight into their functional role in modulating stress and anxiety responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A S Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 S. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| | - J L Kravets
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 S. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - K L Connelly
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - E M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - E J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 S. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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Hu Z, Wang Z, Wu H, Yang Z, Jiang W, Li L, Hu X. Ang II enhances noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings thus contributing to the up-regulation of metalloprotease-2 in aortic dissection patients' aorta wall. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76922. [PMID: 24194850 PMCID: PMC3806742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Object To test the hypothesis that angiotensin II (Ang II) could enhance noradrenaline (NA) release from sympathetic nerve endings of the aorta thus contributing to the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) during the formation of aortic dissection (AD). Methods Ang II, NA, MMP-2, MMP-9 of the aorta sample obtained during operation from aortic dissection patients were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and ELISA and compared with controls. Isotope labelling method was used to test the impact of exogenous Ang II and noradrenaline on the NA release and MMP-2, MMP-9 expression on Sprague Dawley (SD) rat aorta rings in vitro. Two kidneys, one clip, models were replicated for further check of that impact in SD rats in vivo. Results The concentration of Ang II, MMP-2, 9 was increased and NA concentration was decreased in aorta samples from AD patients. Exogenous Ang II enhanced while exogenous NA restrained NA release from aortic sympathetic endings. The Ang II stimulated NA release and the following MMP-2 up-regulation could be weakened by Losartan and chemical sympathectomy. Beta blocker did not influence NA release but down-regulated MMP-2. Long term in vivo experiments confirmed that Ang II could enhance NA release and up-regulate MMP-2. Conclusions AD is initiated by MMP-2 overexpression as a result of increased NA release from sympathetic nervous endings in response to Ang II. This indicates an interaction of RAS and SAS during the formation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hongbing Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wanli Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Luocheng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Sun YL, Zhang XY, Sun T, He N, Li JY, Zhuang Y, Zeng Q, Yu J, Fang Q, Wang R. The anti-inflammatory potential of neuropeptide FF in vitro and in vivo. Peptides 2013; 47:124-32. [PMID: 23856454 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) has many functions in regulating various biological processes. However, little attention has been focused on the anti-inflammatory effect of this peptide. In the present study, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of NPFF in both primary peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated. Our data showed that NPFF suppressed the nitric oxide (NO) production of macrophages in the inflammation process. RF9, a reported antagonist of NPFF receptors, completely blocked the NPFF-induced NO suppression, suggesting a NPFF receptors-mediated pathway is mainly involved. Down-regulation of the nitric oxide synthases significantly inhibited the NPFF-induced NO reduction, indicating the involvement of nitric oxide synthases. However, the nitric oxide synthases were not the only route by which NPFF modulated the NO levels of macrophages. Pharmacological antagonists of the NF-κB signal pathway also completely suppressed the NPFF-induced NO decline. Moreover, we also observed that NPFF is capable of blocking the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 in macrophages, implying the involvement of the NF-κB signal pathway. Finally, we observed that NPFF markedly attenuated the carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema, indicating that NPFF is capable of exerting anti-inflammatory potency in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal the potential role of NPFF in the anti-inflammatory field both in vitro and in vivo, which will be helpful for the further exploitation of NPFF utility therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Physiology & Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Do cannabinoids exhibit a tyramine-like effect? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:1041-6. [PMID: 23900610 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The major constituent of the cannabis plant, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, has stimulatory and depressant effects on cardiovascular functions. There is evidence from an in vivo study on the urethane-anaesthetized rat that part of the stimulatory effects is related to a tyramine-like activity. In the present study, we examined whether Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol induces carrier-mediated noradrenaline release in vitro. The study was extended to another phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol, to the synthetic cannabinoids CP 55,940 and WIN 55,212-2 and to the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol. Tissue pieces of the renal cortex from the mouse and the rat were preincubated with (3)H-noradrenaline and superfused. The effect of the cannabinoids on basal (3)H-noradrenaline release was studied. Tyramine served as a positive control. In the mouse kidney, basal (3)H-noradrenaline release was increased by tyramine 0.1, 1 and 10 μM by 39, 91 and 212 %, respectively, and, in the rat kidney, (3)H-noradrenaline release was increased by tyramine 10 μM by 158 %. All effects were abolished by desipramine 1 μM, an inhibitor of the neuronal noradrenaline transporter. The cannabinoids at 0.1, 1 and 10 μM (CP 55,940 at 0.1, 1 and 3.2 μM) did not affect (3)H-noradrenaline release in the mouse kidney. The highest concentration of the cannabinoids (10 μM and in the case of CP 55,940 3.2 μM) also failed to affect (3)H-noradrenaline release in the rat kidney. In conclusion, the cannabinoids Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, CP 55,940, WIN 55,212-2, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol do not possess a tyramine-like effect on noradrenaline release.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Sun YL, Zhang XY, He N, Sun T, Zhuang Y, Fang Q, Wang KR, Wang R. Neuropeptide FF activates ERK and NF kappa B signal pathways in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Peptides 2012; 38:110-7. [PMID: 22981806 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) has been reported to play important roles in regulating diverse biological processes. However, little attention has been focused on the downstream signal transduction pathway of NPFF. Here, we used the differentiated neuroblastoma cell line, dSH-SY5Y, which endogenously expresses hNPFF2 receptor, to investigate the signal transduction downstream of NPFF. In particular we investigated the regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways by NPFF in these cells. NPFF rapidly and transiently stimulated ERK. H89, a selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), inhibited the NPFF-activated ERK pathway, indicating the involvement of PKA in the NPFF-induced ERK activation. Down-regulation of nitric oxide synthases also attenuated NPFF-induced ERK activation, suggesting that a nitric oxide synthase-dependent pathway is involved. Moreover, the core upstream components of the NF-κB pathway were also significantly activated in response to NPFF, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway is involved in the signal transduction pathway of NPFF. Collectively, these data demonstrate that nitric oxide synthases are involved in the signal transduction pathway of NPFF, and provide the first evidence for the interaction between NPFF and the NF-κB pathway. These advances in our interpretation of the NPFF pathway mechanism will aid the comprehensive understanding of its function and provide novel molecular insight for further study of the NPFF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-long Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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Yang JH, Lee EO, Kim SE, Suh YH, Chong YH. Norepinephrine differentially modulates the innate inflammatory response provoked by amyloid-β peptide via action at β-adrenoceptors and activation of cAMP/PKA pathway in human THP-1 macrophages. Exp Neurol 2012; 236:199-206. [PMID: 22609331 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that norepinephrine (NE) has antiinflammatory activities and plays a neuroprotective role where inflammatory events contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Here, we evaluated the effects of NE on amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretion, and determined the mechanisms through which NE exerts its actions in human THP-1 macrophages. NE clearly reduced the Aβ1-42-mediated production of the proinflammatory chemokine, monocytic chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). In contrast to its ability to reduce MCP-1 secretion, NE enhanced the amounts of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β secreted from Aβ1-42 treated cells. NE significantly reduced the Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in situations where it contributed to the increased IL-1β and decreased MCP-1 during Aβ1-42 stimulation. The ability of NE to differentially modulate the Aβ1-42-induced immune responses was mediated by β-adrenoceptors, as the aforementioned effects were replicated by the β-adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol, and blocked by the β-adrenoceptor antagonist, dl-propranolol. Of note, the NE effects on Aβ1-42-induced responses were mimicked by dbcAMP and forskolin, but significantly blocked by H89, an inhibitor of PKA. Moreover, NE abolished Aβ1-42-mediated decline of CREB phosphorylation. Overall, NE suppresses Aβ1-42-mediated cytotoxicity and MCP-1 secretion, but enhances Aβ-mediated IL-1β secretion through action at β-adrenoceptors, accompanied by activation of cAMP/PKA pathway and CREB in human microglia-like THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation, pharmacological blockade, or genetic ablation affects the function of the muscarinic auto- and heteroreceptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:385-96. [PMID: 22215206 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Different types of presynaptic inhibitory Gα(i/o) protein-coupled receptors usually do not act independently of each other but rather pre-activation of receptor X impairs the effect mediated via receptor Y. It is, however, unknown whether this interaction extends to the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor on cholinergic neurones and hence we studied whether its activation, pharmacological blockade, or genetic inactivation affects the function of other presynaptic inhibitory receptors. The electrically evoked acetylcholine or noradrenaline release was determined in superfused rodent tissues preincubated with (3)H-choline or (3)H-noradrenaline. The muscarinic M(2) receptor, Gα(i), and Gα(o) proteins were determined in hippocampal synaptosomes by Western blotting. Hippocampal anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol levels were determined by LC-MS/MS. The inhibitory effect of the muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine on acetylcholine release in hippocampal slices was increased by genetic CB(1) receptor ablation (mouse) and the CB(1) antagonist rimonabant (rat but not mouse) and decreased by a cannabinoid receptor agonist (mouse). In mouse tissues, CB(1) receptor ablation also increased the effect of a δ opioid receptor agonist on acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and the effect of oxotremorine on noradrenaline release in the vas deferens. CB(1) receptor ablation, to a very slight extent, increased Gα(o) protein levels without affecting either Gα(i) and M(2) receptor protein or the levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the CB(1) receptor shows an inhibitory interaction with the muscarinic and δ opioid receptor on cholinergic neurones in the rodent hippocampus and with the muscarinic receptor on noradrenergic neurones in the mouse vas deferens.
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Anna GM, Joanna T, Paulina R, Jadwiga S, Jan B. Effect of prior stress on interleukin-1β and HPA axis responses to acute stress. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:1393-403. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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