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Vacariu CM, Tanner ME. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Peptidoglycan Fragments. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200788. [PMID: 35560956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis, breakdown, and modification of peptidoglycan (PG) play vital roles in both bacterial viability and in the response of human physiology to bacterial infection. Studies on PG biochemistry are hampered by the fact that PG is an inhomogeneous insoluble macromolecule. Chemical synthesis is therefore an important means to obtain PG fragments that may serve as enzyme substrates and elicitors of the human immune response. This review outlines the recent advances in the synthesis and biochemical studies of PG fragments, PG biosynthetic intermediates (such as Park's nucleotides and PG lipids), and PG breakdown products (such as muramyl dipeptides and anhydro-muramic acid-containing fragments). A rich variety of synthetic approaches has been applied to preparing such compounds since carbohydrate, peptide, and phospholipid chemical methodologies must all be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Condurache M Vacariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Siebert A, Deptuła M, Cichorek M, Ronowska A, Cholewiński G, Rachon J. Anticancer Properties of Amino Acid and Peptide Derivatives of Mycophenolic Acid. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:462-467. [PMID: 32416705 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200516151456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) is applied as prodrugs in clinic as an immunosuppressant, it also possesses anticancer activity. MPA acts as Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor, where the carboxylic group at the end of the side chain interacts with Ser 276 of the enzyme via hydrogen bonds. Therefore, MPA derivatives with other polar groups indicated high inhibition too. On the other hand, potent anticancer agents like dacarbazine and cisplatin give numerous side-effects. OBJECTIVE Based on the literature data, MPA derivatives should be explored towards anticancer properties. Conversion of the carboxylic group of MPA to amide could maintain antiproliferative activity. Therefore, we decided to investigate several amino acid and peptide derivatives of MPA against chosen cancer cell lines in vitro. METHODS Amides of MPA hold threonine and arginine amino acid unit. These amino acid derivatives were tested as L and D enantiomers and both in free acid and methyl esters forms. Additionally, MPA was modified with tuftsin or retro-tuftsin as biologically active peptides, which could act as a drug carrier. RESULTS Amino acid and peptide derivatives of MPA were investigated in vitro as potential anticancer agents on cell lines: Ab melanoma, A375 melanoma and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma. The activity of the tested compounds was compared to parent MPA and known chemotherapeutics: dacarbazine and cisplatin. CONCLUSION Amino acid moiety and the sequence of amino acids in the peptide part influenced observed activity. The most active amino acid MPA analogues occurred to be D and L-threonine derivatives as methyl esters, probably due to better cell membrane penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siebert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Khan FA, Nasim N, Wang Y, Alhazmi A, Sanam M, Ul-Haq Z, Yalamati D, Ulanova M, Jiang ZH. Amphiphilic desmuramyl peptides for the rational design of new vaccine adjuvants: Synthesis, in vitro modulation of inflammatory response and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112863. [PMID: 33032082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is cytosolic surveillance receptor of the innate immune system capable of recognizing the bacterial and viral infections. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is the minimal immunoreactive unit of murein. NOD2 perceives MDP as pathogen-associated molecular pattern, thereby triggering an immune response with undesirable side-effects. Beneficial properties of MDP, such as pro-inflammatory characteristics for the rational design of new vaccine adjuvants, can be harnessed by strategically re-designing the molecule. In this work, a new class of amphiphilic desmuramylpeptides (DMPs) were synthesized by replacing the carbohydrate moiety (muramic acid) of the parent molecule with hydrophilic arenes. A lipophilic chain was also introduced at the C-terminus of dipeptide moiety (alanine-isoglutamine), while conserving its L-D configuration. These novel DMPs were found to set off the release of higher levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) than Murabutide, which is a well-known NOD2 agonist. Molecular docking studies indicate that all these DMPs bind well to NOD2 receptor with similar dock scores (binding energy) through a number of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic/π interactions with several crucial residues of the receptor. More studies are needed to further assess their immunomodulatory therapeutic potential, as well as the possible involvement of NOD2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Nourina Nasim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehar Sanam
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Damayanthi Yalamati
- Alberta Research Chemicals Inc., 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marina Ulanova
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Immunosuppressive properties of amino acid and peptide derivatives of mycophenolic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112091. [PMID: 32007665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was coupled with amino acids and biologically active peptides including derivatives of tuftsin to modify its immunosuppressive properties. Both amino acid unit in the case of simple MPA amides and modifications within peptide moiety of MPA - tuftsin conjugates influenced the observed activity. Antiproliferative potential of the obtained conjugates was investigated in vitro and MPA amides with threonine methyl ester and conjugate of MPA with retro-tuftisin occurred to be more selective against PBMC in comparison to parent MPA. Both amino acid and peptide derivatives of MPA acted as inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaze (IMPDH) inhibitors.
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Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Cichorek M, Ronowska A, Deptuła M, Klejbor I, Dzierzbicka K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Acridine/Acridone Analogs as Potential Anticancer Agents. Med Chem 2019; 15:729-737. [PMID: 30324889 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666181015145120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of efficacious therapy for advanced melanoma and neuroblastoma makes new approaches necessary. Therefore, many scientists seek new, more effective, more selective and less toxic anticancer drugs. OBJECTIVE We propose the synthesis of the new functionalized analogs of 1-nitroacridine/4- nitroacridone connected to tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. METHODS Acridine and acridone analogues were prepared by Ullmann condensation and then cyclization reaction. As a result of nucleophilic substitution reaction 1-nitro-9-phenoxyacridine or 1- chloro-4-nitro-9(10H)-acridone with the corresponding peptides, the planned acridine derivatives (10a-c, 12, 17-a-d, 19) have been obtained. The cytotoxic activity of the newly obtained analogs were evaluated against melanotic (Ma) and amelanotic (Ab) melanoma cell lines and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y by using the XTT method. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Among the investigated analogs compound 12 exhibited the highest potency comparable to dacarbazine action for amelanotic Ab melanoma cells. FLICA test (flurochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspases) showed that this analog significantly increased the content of cells with activated caspases (C+) among both neuroblastoma lines and only Ab melanoma line. Using phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization assay, 12 induced changes in the Ab melanoma plasma membrane structure as the externalization of phosphatidylserine (An+ cells). These changes in neuroblastoma cells were less pronounced. CONCLUSION Analog 12 could be proposed as the new potential chemotherapeutic against amelanotic melanoma form especially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gensicka-Kowalewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, PL 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 Bldg 27, PL-80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ilona Klejbor
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, PL 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Gao YL, Yu MM, Shou ST, Yao Y, Liu YC, Wang LJ, Lu B, Chai YF. Tuftsin prevents the negative immunoregulation of neuropilin-1highCD4+CD25+Regulatory T cells and improves survival rate in septic mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81791-81805. [PMID: 27835904 PMCID: PMC5348430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that neuropilin (Nrp) -1highCD4+CD25+Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibited primary negative immunoregulation in sepsis induced immune dysfunction. Tuftsin is the typical ligand of Nrp-1. Herein, we investigated the potential therapeutic value and mechanisms of tuftsin in sepsis. Sepsis per se markedly decreased the serum concentration of tuftsin, administration of tuftsin improved the survival rate of septic mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In vitro study, tuftsin prevented the negative immunoregulation of Nrp-1highCD4+CD25+Tregs, including weakening the expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp)- 3/cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4, inhibiting the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and weakening the immunosuppressive function of Nrp-1highCD4+CD25+Tregs to conventional CD4+CD25-T cells. Tuftsin markedly inhibited the demethylation of Foxp3-Tregs specific demethylated region (TSDR) of Nrp-1highCD4+CD25+Tregs. Tuftsin could represent a new potential therapeutic agentia to improve the outcome of septic mice, and associate with preventing the negative immunoregulation of Tregs via Nrp-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Ming Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Song-Tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Siebert A, Wysocka M, Krawczyk B, Cholewiński G, Rachoń J. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of amino acid and peptide derivatives of mycophenolic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:646-655. [PMID: 29216563 PMCID: PMC7173178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The series of 16 novel amino acid and peptide mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivatives was obtained as potential antibacterial agents. Coupling of MPA with respective amines was optimized with condensing reagents such as EDCI/DMAP and T3P/TEA. Amino acid analogs were received both as methyl esters and also with the free carboxylic group. The biological activity of the products was tested on five references bacterial strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 (ESBL), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus MSSA ATCC 25923. Peptide derivatives proved to be the most versatile ones, their MIC values relative to most strains was lower than MPA alone. It has been noted that the activity of amino acid derivatives depends on the configuration at the chiral center in the amino acid unit and methyl esters indicated better antimicrobial activity than analogs with free carboxylic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siebert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Krawczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Janusz Rachoń
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Khan FA, Ulanova M, Bai B, Yalamati D, Jiang ZH. Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of novel amphiphilic desmuramyl peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:26-36. [PMID: 29028529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) - an essential bacterial cell wall component - is recognized by our immune system as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) which results in immune responses with adverse toxic effects. In order to harness the beneficial properties from the pro-inflammatory characteristics of the bacterial cell wall motif, MDP was strategically re-designed while conserving the L-D configurations of the dipeptide moiety. The muramic acid was replaced with a hydrophilic arene and lipophilic chain was introduced at peptide end to give the amphiphilic desmuramyl peptides (DMPs). The novel DMPs were found to modulate the immune response by amplifying the LPS-induced surface glycoprotein (ICAM-1) expression in THP-1 cells without showing significant toxicity. Furthermore, these compounds were able to trigger the secretion of higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) than the well-studied NOD2 agonist, Murabutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada; Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Marina Ulanova
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Bing Bai
- Alberta Research Chemicals Inc., 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Damayanthi Yalamati
- Alberta Research Chemicals Inc., 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Tuftsin-derived T-peptide prevents cellular immunosuppression and improves survival rate in septic mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16725. [PMID: 26577833 PMCID: PMC4649719 DOI: 10.1038/srep16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary mechanisms of sepsis induced cellular immunesuppression involve immune dysfunction of T lymphocytes and negative immunoregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It has been found that tuftsin is an immune modulating peptide derived from IgG in spleen. T-peptide is one of tuftsin analogs. Herein, we examined the effect of T-peptide on cell-mediated immunity in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the survival rate in septic mice. T-peptide regulated the proliferative ability of CD4+CD25− T cells in dual responses. Meanwhile, 10 and 100 μg/ml T-peptides were able to enhance the apoptotic rate of CD4+CD25− T cells compared with 1 μg/ml T-peptide, but markedly lowered interleukin (IL)-2 levels. When CD4+CD25+ Tregs were treated with T-peptide for 24 hours, and co-cultured with normal CD4+CD25− T cells, the suppressive ability of CD4+CD25+ Tregs on CD4+CD25− T cells was significantly lowered, along with decreased expression in forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p-3 (Foxp-3) as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, and secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Moreover, T-peptide has the ability to improve outcome of septic mice in a dose- and time- dependent manner, and associated with improvement in the microenvironment of cellular immunosuppression in septic mice.
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Januchta W, Serocki M, Dzierzbicka K, Cholewiński G, Skladanowski A. Synthesis of functionalized new conjugates of batracylin with tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives and their biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:85-94. [PMID: 26520842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New batracylin conjugates with tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives were designed and synthesized using T3P as a coupling agent. The conjugates possess an amide bond formed between the carboxyl group of heterocyclic molecule and the N-termini of the tuftsin/retro-tuftsin chain. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the new analogues and their precursors was evaluated using a series of human and murine tumor cells. BAT conjugates containing retro-tuftsin with branched side aminoacid chain, in particular with leucine or isoleucine, were about 10-fold more cytotoxic toward two human tumor cell lines (lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and myeloblastic leukemia (HL-60)). These compounds showed about 10-fold increased cytotoxicity against the two types of tumor cells compared to parent BAT. We have not observed important differences in the mechanism of action between BAT and its cytotoxic tuftsin/retro-tuftsin conjugates. We propose that high biological activity of the most active BAT conjugates is a result of their greatly increased intracellular accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Januchta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skladanowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Gu R, He Y, Han S, Yuan S, An Y, Meng Z, Zhu X, Gan H, Wu Z, Li J, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Gao L, Dou G. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tuftsin-derived T peptide, a promising antitumor agent, in beagles. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 31:51-56. [PMID: 26775850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuftsin, a natural phagocytosis-stimulating tetrapeptide, had aroused much interest in tumor immunotherapy, but the poor pharmacokinetics hampered its clinical developments, for that it was extremely susceptible to degradation by enzymolysis in vivo. T Peptide (TP) was a newly designed tuftsin derivative aimed to enhance stability and was proved to have significant antitumor activity. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of TP was first clarified in beagles with subcutaneous administration, by using a simple and robust competitive ELISA method. Dose-dependency and non-linear dynamics of TP after single-dose (2, 6 and 18 mg kg(-1), respectively) were found, and the half-time of TP was proved to reach 1.3-2.8 h. Multiple dosing of 6 mg kg(-1) once a day for 7 days resulted in a slight accumulation (accumulation index was 1.92 ± 0.43), indicating that the dosing interval in the following clinical trial needs to be extended. The absolute bioavailability of TP was 31.1 ± 6.2% after subcutaneous administration. These results first demonstrated the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability data of TP in vivo, which illustrated the potential druggability of TP and provided useful information for the dosage regimen design in the following clinical trials, as well as a simple and feasible analytical method for clinical sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yanlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Su Han
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yinghong An
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Center for Clinical Laboratory, Airforce General Hospital of Chinese PLA, 30, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hui Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guifang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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12
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Jiang X, Yu M, Qiao X, Liu M, Tang L, Jiang Y, Cui W, Li Y. Up-regulation of MDP and tuftsin gene expression in Th1 and Th17 cells as an adjuvant for an oral Lactobacillus casei vaccine against anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8301-12. [PMID: 24993357 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and tuftsin in oral immune adjustment remains unclear, particularly in a Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) vaccine. To address this, we investigated the effects of different repetitive peptides expressed by L. casei, specifically the MDP and tuftsin fusion protein (MT) repeated 20 and 40 times (20MT and 40MT), in mice also expressing the D antigenic site of the spike (S) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) on intestinal and systemic immune responses and confirmed the immunoregulation of these peptides. Treatment of mice with a different vaccine consisting of L. casei expressing MDP and tuftsin stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses. Both 20MT and 40MT induced an increase in IgG and IgA levels against TGEV, as determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased IgG and IgA resulted in the activation of TGEV-neutralising antibody activity in vitro. In addition, 20MT and 40MT stimulated the differentiation of innate immune cells, including T helper cell subclasses and regulatory T (Treg) cells, which induced robust T helper type 1 and T helper type 17 (Th17) responses and reduced Treg T cell immune responses in the 20MT and 40MT groups, respectively. Notably, treatment of mice with L. casei expressing 20MT and 40MT enhanced the anti-TGEV antibody immune responses of both the humoral and mucosal immune systems. These findings suggest that L. casei expressing MDP and tuftsin possesses substantial immunopotentiating properties, as it can induce humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses upon oral administration, and it may be useful in oral vaccines against TGEV challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/administration & dosage
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/genetics
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/immunology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Female
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/immunology
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/prevention & control
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/virology
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/genetics
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Swine
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/genetics
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunology
- Tuftsin/administration & dosage
- Tuftsin/genetics
- Tuftsin/immunology
- Up-Regulation
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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