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Impact of Feeding Probiotics on Blood Parameters, Tail Fat Metabolites, and Volatile Flavor Components of Sunit Sheep. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172644. [PMID: 36076827 PMCID: PMC9455658 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep crude tail fat has unique nutritional values and is used as a raw material for high-quality natural oil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the metabolites and flavor of sheep crude tail fat. In this study, 12 Sunit sheep were randomly divided into an experimental group (LTF, basal feed + Lactiplantibacillusplantarum powder) and a control group (CTF, basal feed). The results of sheep crude tail fat analysis showed that blood lipid parameters were significantly lower and the expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes higher in the LTF group than in the CTF group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry showed that the contents of metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and L-citrulline were higher in the LTF group (p < 0.01). Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry detection of volatile flavor compounds in the tail fat showed that nonanal, decanal, and 1-hexanol were more abundant in the LTF group (p < 0.05). Therefore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum feeding affected blood lipid parameters, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, tail fat metabolites, and volatile flavor compounds in Sunit sheep. In this study, probiotics feeding was demonstrated to support high-value sheep crude tail fat production.
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Abstract
A potentiating effect of medium-chain triglycerides on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) has been observed since the 1960s. Subsequent observations identified octanoic acid (OA), the main component of medium-chain triglyceride, as the potentiator of GSIS, but the mechanism was unclear. We used wild-type (WT), short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase knockout (Hadh-/-), and sulfonylurea receptor 1 knockout (Sur1-/-) mouse islets to define the mechanism of OA potentiation of insulin secretion. Application of OA alone induced a 2- to 3- fold increase of insulin secretion with an apparent threshold of 3 mM in WT mouse islets, suggesting that OA itself is a weak insulin secretagogue. However, OA at 1 mM strongly potentiated fuel-stimulated insulin secretion, especially GSIS. The potentiating effect on fuel-stimulated insulin secretion by OA did not require fatty acid β-oxidation because OA also potentiated amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion in islets isolated from Hadh-/- mice, which cannot fully oxidize OA. Measurements using Sur1-/- islets indicated that the potentiating effect of OA on fuel-stimulated insulin secretion is Ca2+ dependent and is often accompanied by β-cell membrane potential depolarization, and may also involve the Ca2+/calmodulin complex. Experiments using DCPIB, an ethacrynic acid derivative, to inhibit volume-sensitive anion channels (VSACs) in Sur1-/- islets demonstrated that the potentiation effects of OA on insulin secretion are in part medicated by activation of VSAC. In addition, inhibition of IP3 receptor also abolishes the OA-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase in Sur1-/- islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles A. Stanley
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toshinori Hoshi
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Toshinori HoshiDepartment of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- CONTACT Changhong Li Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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