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AlMulhim FM, Nair AB, Aldhubiab B, Shah H, Shah J, Mewada V, Sreeharsha N, Jacob S. Design, Development, Evaluation, and In Vivo Performance of Buccal Films Embedded with Paliperidone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2530. [PMID: 38004510 PMCID: PMC10674218 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effectiveness of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia has been limited by its poor oral bioavailability; hence, an alternative route could be appropriate. This study investigates the feasibility of developing a buccal film impregnated with paliperidone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and assesses the potential to enhance its bioavailability. Box-Behnken-based design optimization of NLCs was performed by examining the particles' physical characteristics. The polymeric film was used to load optimized NLCs, which were then assessed for their pharmaceutical properties, permeability, and pharmacokinetics. The optimization outcomes indicated that selected formulation variables had a considerable (p < 0.05) impact on responses such as particle size, entrapment efficiency, and % drug release. Desired characteristics such as a negative charge, higher entrapment efficiency, and nanoparticles with ideal size distribution were shown by optimized NLC dispersions. The developed film demonstrated excellent physico-mechanical properties, appropriate texture, good drug excipient compatibility (chemically stable formulation), and amorphous drug nature. A sustained Weibull model drug release (p < 0.0005) and superior flux (~5-fold higher, p < 0.005) were seen in NLC-loaded film compared to plain-drug-loaded film. The pharmacokinetics profile in rabbits supports the goal of buccal therapy as evidenced by significantly higher AUC0-12 (p < 0.0001) and greater relative bioavailability (236%) than the control. These results support the conclusion that paliperidone-loaded NLC buccal film has the potential to be an alternate therapy for its effective administration in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Mohammed AlMulhim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (B.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Care (JHAH), Dharan 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (B.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (B.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul College of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Ahmedabad 380058, India;
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (J.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Vivek Mewada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (J.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.A.); (B.A.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
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Nair AB, Aldhubiab B, Shah J, Jacob S, Attimarad M, Sreeharsha N, Venugopala KN, Joseph A, Morsy MA. Design, Development, and Evaluation of Constant Voltage Iontophoresis for the Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051422. [PMID: 37242664 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of topical antifungal therapy in onychomycosis has been hindered by the failure of the antimycotic to permeate the nail plate. This research aims to design and develop a transungual system for the effective delivery of efinaconazole utilizing constant voltage iontophoresis. Seven prototype drug-loaded hydrogel formulations (E1-E7) were prepared to assess the influence of solvent (ethanol) and cosolvent (Labrasol®) on transungual delivery. Optimization was performed to evaluate the effect of three independent variables; voltage, solvent-to-cosolvent ratio, and penetration enhancer (PEG 400) concentration on critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as drug permeation and loading into the nail. The selected hydrogel product was characterized for pharmaceutical properties, efinaconazole release from the nail, and antifungal activity. Preliminary data indicates ethanol, Labrasol®, and voltage influence the transungual delivery of efinaconazole. Optimization design indicates a significant impact by applied voltage (p-0.0001) and enhancer concentration (p-0.0004) on the CQAs. Excellent correlation between selected independent variables and CQAs was confirmed by the high desirability value (0.9427). A significant (p < 0.0001) enhancement in the permeation (~78.59 µg/cm2) and drug loading (3.24 µg/mg) was noticed in the optimized transungual delivery with 10.5 V. FTIR spectral data indicates no interaction between the drug and excipients, while the DSC thermograms confirmed the amorphous state of the drug in the formulation. Iontophoresis produces a drug depot in the nail that releases above the minimum inhibitory concentration level for an extended period, potentially reducing the need for frequent topical treatment. Antifungal studies further substantiate the release data and have shown remarkable inhibition of Trichophyton mentagrophyte. Overall, the promising results obtained here demonstrate the prospective of this non-invasive method for the effective transungual delivery of efinaconazole, which could improve the treatment of onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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Alnaim AS, Shah H, Nair AB, Mewada V, Patel S, Jacob S, Aldhubiab B, Morsy MA, Almuqbil RM, Shinu P, Shah J. Qbd-Based Approach to Optimize Niosomal Gel of Levosulpiride for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030213. [PMID: 36975662 PMCID: PMC10048649 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility besides extensive hepatic first effect significantly decreases the oral absorption of levosulpiride, which in turn minimizes its therapeutic effectiveness. Niosomes have been extensively investigated as a transdermal vesicular nanocarrier to increase the delivery of low permeable compounds into and across the skin. This research work was to design, develop and optimize levosulpiride-loaded niosomal gel and to evaluate its prospects for transdermal delivery. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize niosomes by analyzing the impact of three factors (cholesterol; X1, Span 40; X2, and sonication time; X3) on the responses (particle size, Y1, and entrapment efficiency, Y2). Optimized formulation (NC) was incorporated into gel and evaluated for pharmaceutical properties, drug release study, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo absorption. The design experiment data suggest that all three independent variables influence both response variables significantly (p < 0.01). Pharmaceutical characteristics of NC vesicles showed the absence of drug excipient interaction, nanosize (~102.2 nm), narrow distribution (~0.218), adequate zeta potential (−49.9 mV), and spherical shape, which are suitable for transdermal therapy. The levosulpiride release rates varied significantly (p < 0.01) between niosomal gel formulation and control. Greater flux (p < 0.01) was observed with levosulpiride-loaded niosomal gel than with control gel formulation. Indeed, the drug plasma profile of niosomal gel was significantly higher (p < 0.005), with ~3 folds higher Cmax and greater bioavailability (~500% higher; p < 0.0001) than its counterpart. Overall, these findings imply that the use of an optimized niosomal gel formulation can increase the therapeutic efficacy of levosulpiride and may represent a promising alternative to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Alnaim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vivek Mewada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Smit Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (J.S.)
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Nair AB, Chaudhary S, Jacob S, Patel D, Shinu P, Shah H, Chaudhary A, Aldhubiab B, Almuqbil RM, Alnaim AS, Alqattan F, Shah J. Intranasal Administration of Dolutegravir-Loaded Nanoemulsion-Based In Situ Gel for Enhanced Bioavailability and Direct Brain Targeting. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020130. [PMID: 36826300 PMCID: PMC9956165 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dolutegravir's therapeutic effectiveness in the management of neuroAIDS is mainly limited by its failure to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, lipid-based nanovesicles such as nanoemulsions have demonstrated their potential for the brain targeting of various drugs by intranasal delivery. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a Dolutegravir-loaded nanoemulsion-based in situ gel and evaluate its prospective for brain targeting by intranasal delivery. Dolutegravir-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared using dill oil, Tween® 80, and Transcutol® P. Optimization of the nanoemulsion particle size and drug release was carried out using a simplex lattice design. Formulations (F1-F7 and B1-B6) were assessed for various pharmaceutical characteristics. Ex vivo permeation and ciliotoxicity studies of selected in situ gels (B1) were conducted using sheep nasal mucosa. Drug targeting to the brain was assessed in vivo in rats following the nasal delivery of B1. The composition of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the dependent variables (particle size and % of drug release in 8 h). Formulation B1 exhibits pharmaceutical characteristics that are ideal for intranasal delivery. The mucosal steady-state flux noticed with BI was significantly greater (p < 0.005) than for the control gel. A histopathology of nasal mucosa treated with BI showed no signs of toxicity or cellular damage. Intranasal administration of B1 resulted in greater Cmax (~six-fold, p < 0.0001) and AUC0-α (~five-fold, p < 0.0001), and decreased Tmax (1 h) values in the brain, compared to intravenous administration. Meantime, the drug level in the plasma was relatively low, suggesting less systemic exposure to Dolutegravir through intranasal delivery. In summary, the promising data observed here signifies the prospective of B1 to enhance the brain targeting of Dolutegravir by intranasal delivery and it could be used as a feasible and practicable strategy for the management of neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (J.S.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9909007411 (J.S.)
| | - Sunita Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Ankit Chaudhary
- Department of Quality Assurance, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alnaim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Alqattan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (J.S.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9909007411 (J.S.)
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5
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Durgapal S, Goswami L, Nair AB, Juyal V, Verma A. Enhanced anti-cataract effect of microemulsion containing Cineraria maritima: Formulation, optimization and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Alaithan S, Naveen NR, Goudanavar PS, Bhavani PD, Ramesh B, Koppuravuri NP, Fattepur S, Sreeharsha N, Nair AB, Aldhubiab BE, Shinu P, Almuqbil RM. Development of Novel Unfolding Film System of Itopride Hydrochloride Using Box-Behnken Design-A Gastro Retentive Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080981. [PMID: 36015129 PMCID: PMC9415307 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, gastro-retentive dosage forms achieved a remarkable position among the oral drug delivery systems. This is a broadly used technique to hold the drug delivery systems for a long duration in the gastro intestine (GI) region, slow drug delivery, and overcome other challenges related to typical oral delivery such as low bioavailability. The current work aimed to formulate and characterize a new expandable gastro-retentive system through Itopride Hydrochloride (IH)’s unfolding process for controlled release. The IH-loaded unfolding film formulation was optimized using the Box-Behnken design for folding endurance and length of tested layer (LTL). Initially, the formulation was made using several anti-adhesive additives to promote the unfolding mechanism. Citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were selected as anti-adhesives based on these results. The enfolded film in a capsule shell was shown to unroll in the stomach fluids and render drug delivery up to 12 h in acidic conditions. A fabricated system should have dimensions more than the size of the relaxed pyloric sphincter, and as required, >20 mm LTL was identified. This further confirms that the residence period in the stomach is irrelevant to the fed or fasted condition. Based on desirability criteria, the formulation containing 143.83, 0.7982, and 14.6096 Eudragit L100, PEG, and sodium bicarbonate are selected as optimized formulations (O-IH-UF). The optimized formulation was further analyzed for various parameters such as tensile strength, mechanical strength, unfolding nature, degradability, and in vitro release studies. The pharmacokinetic study revealed greater AUC (area under the curve) and long half-life with the designed O-IH-UF formulation, confirming that the unfolding film type can be a favorable drug system for enhancing the bioavailability of low soluble drugs. The results showed that unfolding types of gastro retentive systems could potentiate the drugs with stability issues in an alkaline medium or those with absorption in acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Alaithan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (P.S.G.); (S.F.)
| | | | - Prakash S. Goudanavar
- Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar 571448, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (P.S.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Penmetsa Durga Bhavani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur Medak 502313, Telangana, India
| | - Beveenahalli Ramesh
- Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar 571448, Karnataka, India
| | - Naga Prashant Koppuravuri
- Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar 571448, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Fattepur
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (P.S.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, Karnataka, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar E. Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Shah J, Gupta S, Boddu SHS, Sreeharsha N, Joseph A, Shinu P, Morsy MA. Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Topical Ocular Therapy-An Overview on Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:533. [PMID: 35335909 PMCID: PMC8955373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to complicated anatomical and physical properties, targeted drug delivery to ocular tissues continues to be a key challenge for formulation scientists. Various attempts are currently being made to improve the in vivo performance of therapeutic molecules by encapsulating them in various nanocarrier systems or devices and administering them via invasive/non-invasive or minimally invasive drug administration methods. Biocompatible and biodegradable lipid nanoparticles have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional ocular drug delivery systems to overcome various ocular barriers. Lipid-based nanocarrier systems led to major technological advancements and therapeutic advantages during the last few decades of ocular therapy, such as high precorneal residence time, sustained drug release profile, minimum dosing frequency, decreased drug toxicity, targeted site delivery, and, therefore, an improvement in ocular bioavailability. In addition, such formulations can be given as fine dispersion in patient-friendly droppable preparation without causing blurred vision and ocular sensitivity reactions. The unique advantages of lipid nanoparticles, namely, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and liposomes in intraocular targeted administration of various therapeutic drugs are extensively discussed. Ongoing and completed clinical trials of various liposome-based formulations and various characterization techniques designed for nanoemulsion in ocular delivery are tabulated. This review also describes diverse solid lipid nanoparticle preparation methods, procedures, advantages, and limitations. Functionalization approaches to overcome the drawbacks of lipid nanoparticles, as well as the exploration of new functional additives with the potential to improve the penetration of macromolecular pharmaceuticals, would quickly progress the challenging field of ocular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133203, India;
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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Nair AB, Kumar S, Dalal P, Nagpal C, Dalal S, Rao R, Sreeharsha N, Jacob S. Novel Dermal Delivery Cargos of Clobetasol Propionate: An Update. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020383. [PMID: 35214115 PMCID: PMC8877216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal disorders such as psoriasis and eczema are associated with modifications in the chemical and molecular composition of the skin. Clobetasol propionate (CP), a superpotent topical glucocorticoid, is widely used for the therapeutic management of various skin conditions, owing to its strong anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, vasoconstrictive, and antiproliferative activities. Safety studies demonstrated that CP is safer for a shorter period, however, with prolonged application, it shows secondary side effects such as photosensitivity, Cushing-like syndrome, allergic contact dermatitis, osteonecrosis, hypopigmentation, steroid acne, and skin atrophy. Therefore, the US FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) has restricted the usage of CP to not more than 15 days. Research scientists addressed its several formulations and drug delivery issues, such as low water solubility, less stability, photodegradation, and poor absorption, by incorporating them into novel nanobased delivery platforms. With the utilization of these technologies, these drawbacks of CP have been resolved to a large extent to reestablish this moiety. This article explores the physicochemical properties and mechanism of action of CP. Additionally, an attempt has been made to discover and highlight the possible features of the novel nanosystems, including nanoemulsions, nanosponges, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanogels, reported for CP. The stability and safety concerns of CP, along with its commercial status, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (R.R.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9991048560 (R.R.)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (S.K.); (P.D.); (C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Pooja Dalal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (S.K.); (P.D.); (C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Chahat Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (S.K.); (P.D.); (C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Sweta Dalal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (S.K.); (P.D.); (C.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (S.K.); (P.D.); (C.N.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (R.R.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9991048560 (R.R.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
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Bhanderi M, Shah J, Gorain B, Nair AB, Jacob S, Asdaq SMB, Fattepur S, Alamri AS, Alsanie WF, Alhomrani M, Nagaraja S, Anwer MK. Optimized Rivastigmine Nanoparticles Coated with Eudragit for Intranasal Application to Brain Delivery: Evaluation and Nasal Ciliotoxicity Studies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216291. [PMID: 34771817 PMCID: PMC8585143 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, is frequently indicated in the management of demented conditions associated with Alzheimer disease. The major hurdle of delivering this drug through the oral route is its poor bioavailability, which prompted the development of novel delivery approaches for improved efficacy. Due to numerous beneficial properties associated with nanocarriers in the drug delivery system, rivastigmine nanoparticles were fabricated to be administer through the intranasal route. During the development of the nanoparticles, preliminary optimization of processing and formulation parameters was done by the design of an experimental approach. The drug-polymer ratio, stirrer speed, and crosslinking time were fixed as independent variables, to analyze the effect on the entrapment efficiency (% EE) and in vitro drug release of the drug. The formulation (D8) obtained from 23 full factorial designs was further coated using Eudragit EPO to extend the release pattern of the entrapped drug. Furthermore, the 1:1 ratio of core to polymer depicted spherical particle size of ~175 nm, % EE of 64.83%, 97.59% cumulative drug release, and higher flux (40.39 ± 3.52 µg.h/cm2). Finally, the intranasal ciliotoxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa revealed that the exposure of developed nanoparticles was similar to the negative control group, while destruction of normal architecture was noticed in the positive control test group. Overall, from the in vitro results it could be summarized that the optimization of nanoparticles' formulation of rivastigmine for intranasal application would be retained at the application site for a prolonged duration to release the entrapped drug without producing any local toxicity at the mucosal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Bhanderi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Santosh Fattepur
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Sreeharsha N, Morsy MA, Gupta S, Attimarad M, Shinu P, Venugopala KN. Experimental design, formulation and in vivo evaluation of a novel topical in situ gel system to treat ocular infections. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248857. [PMID: 33739996 PMCID: PMC7978349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ gels have been extensively explored as ocular drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. The objective of present study was to design, formulate and evaluate ion-activated in situ gel to enhance the ocular penetration and therapeutic performance of moxifloxacin in ophthalmic delivery. A simplex lattice design was utilized to examine the effect of various factors on experimental outcomes of the in situ gel system. The influence of polymers (independent variables) such as gellan gum (X1), sodium alginate (X2), and HPMC (X3) on gel strength, adhesive force, viscosity and drug release after 10 h (Q10) were assessed. Selected formulation (MH7) was studied for ex vivo permeation, in vivo irritation and pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Data revealed that increase in concentration of polymers led to higher gel strength, adhesive force and viscosity, however, decreases the drug release. MH7 exhibited all physicochemical properties within acceptable limits and was stable for 6 months. Release profile of moxifloxacin from MH7 was comparable to the check point batches and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas matrix diffusion-controlled mechanism. Ocular irritation study signifies that selected formulation is safe and non-irritant for ophthalmic administration. In vivo pharmacokinetics data indicates significant improvement of moxifloxacin bioavailability (p < 0.0001) from MH7, as evidenced by higher Cmax (727 ± 56 ng/ml) and greater AUC (2881 ± 108 ng h/ml), when compared with commercial eye drops (Cmax; 503 ± 85 ng/ml and AUC; 978 ± 86 ng h/ml). In conclusion, developed in situ gel system (MH7) could offers a more effective and extended ophthalmic therapy of moxifloxacin in ocular infections when compared to conventional eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Shah J, Nair AB, Shah H, Jacob S, Shehata TM, Morsy MA. Enhancement in antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of tramadol by transdermal proniosome gel. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:786-796. [PMID: 33363633 PMCID: PMC7750831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral therapy of tramadol, an opiate analgesic, undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and requires frequent administration. Transdermal therapy by virtue can overcome these issues and can improve the efficacy and reduce abuse liability of tramadol. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of transdermal delivery of tramadol by formulating proniosome gel and evaluate its therapeutic potential in vivo. The effect of formulation composition as well as amount of drug on physicochemical characteristics of prepared proniosomes were examined. Best proniosome gel (F4) was selected and evaluated for drug release, stability and transdermal efficacy by ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The vesicles demonstrated optimal properties including spherical shape, nanosize with good entrapment efficiency, adequate zeta potential, higher stability and greater transdermal flux. The amorphization and dispersion of tramadol in the aqueous core of proniosome vesicles was confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter. Release profile of F4 was distinct (P < 0.001) from control and displayed steady and prolonged tramadol release by Fickian diffusion. Transdermal therapy of F4 showed prominent reduction of induced twitches (P < 0.005) in mice and edema (P < 0.05) in rats, as compared to oral tramadol. The improvement in clinical efficacy of tramadol in transdermal therapy is correlated with the pharmacokinetic data observed. In conclusion, the observed improvement in antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects from proniosome carriers signifies its potential to be a suitable alternative to oral therapy of tramadol with greater efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. Tel: +966 536 219868.
| | - Hiral Shah
- Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamer M. Shehata
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aly Morsy
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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Cunha-Filho M, Rocha JL, Duarte NCB, Sa-Barreto LL. Development of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of propranolol in different skin layers. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4987. [PMID: 32931605 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method using HPLC for the determination of propranolol in the different layers of the skin to be used in kinetic studies of skin permeation. The development of the method was based on the suitability of the chromatogram, and the validation followed the international health regulation for bioanalytical methods. In addition, the method was tested in an in vitro permeation assay using porcine skin. The drug was determined using an RP-C18 column at 30°C, a mobile phase comprising acidic aqueous phase:acetonitrile (75:25 v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 , and UV detection at 290 nm. The method was demonstrated to be selective against skin contaminants, linear in a wide range of concentrations (3-20 μg mL-1 ), sensitive enough to quantify less than 0.1% of the drug dosage in skin matrices, and precise regardless of analysis variations such as day of analysis, analyst, or equipment. In addition, the method presented a high drug extraction capacity greater than 90% for all skin layers (stratum corneum, hair follicle, and remaining skin). Finally, the method was successfully tested in skin permeation assays, proving its value in the development of topical formulations containing propranolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Natane C B Duarte
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lívia L Sa-Barreto
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
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13
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Vesicular Emulgel Based System for Transdermal Delivery of Insulin: Factorial Design and in Vivo Evaluation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of insulin is a great challenge due to its poor permeability through the skin. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the prospective of insulin loaded niosome emulgel as a noninvasive delivery system for its transdermal therapy. A 23 full-factorial design was used to optimize the insulin niosome emulgel by assessing the effect of independent variables (concentration of paraffin oil, Tween 80 and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) on dependent variables (in vitro release, viscosity and in vitro permeation). The physical characteristics of the prepared formulations were carried out by determining viscosity, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug release and kinetics. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using rat skin membrane. Hypoglycemic activity of prepared formulations was assessed in diabetic-induced rats. It was observed that the independent variables influenced the dependent variables. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in viscosity was noticed between the prepared gels, which in turn influenced the insulin release. The order of permeation is: insulin niosome emulgel > insulin niosome gel > insulin emulgel > insulin gel > insulin niosomes > insulin solution. The enhancement in transdermal flux in insulin niosome emulgel was 10-fold higher than the control (insulin solution). In vivo data significantly demonstrated reduction (p < 0.05) of plasma glucose level (at six hours) by insulin niosome emulgel than other formulations tested. The results suggest that the developed insulin niosome emulgel could be an efficient carrier for the transdermal delivery of insulin.
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14
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Atenolol thiourea hybrid as potent urease inhibitors: Design, biology-oriented drug synthesis, inhibitory activity screening, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Shah H, Nair AB, Shah J, Bharadia P, Al-Dhubiab BE. Proniosomal gel for transdermal delivery of lornoxicam: optimization using factorial design and in vivo evaluation in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:59-70. [PMID: 30701460 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical utility of lornoxicam in oral therapy is primarily restricted by the low solubility and gastric adverse effects. This study evaluated the prospective of optimized proniosomal gel to improve the clinical efficacy of lornoxicam and compare with oral therapy. METHODS Proniosomes were formulated by coacervation phase separation technique using span 60, lecithin and cholesterol. A four-factor three-level Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effect of amount of four independent variables; span 60 (X1), cholesterol (X2), lecithin (X3) and lornoxicam (X4) on response variables; vesicle size (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2) and transdermal flux (Y3). The selected proniosomal gel (F19) was characterized, and evaluated for the transdermal efficacy by ex vivo and in vivo experiments. RESULTS Optimization study signifies that amount of formulation components (span 60, cholesterol, lecithin and lornoxicam) influence the vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and/or transdermal flux. Optimized formulation F19 exhibited nano size with high entrapment efficiency, adequate zeta potential, greater transdermal flux and better stability (at refrigerated conditions). The entrapment of lornoxicam in the bilayers of proniosome vesicles was confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter. Release profile of F19 was distinct (p < 0.001) from gel prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (control) and displayed steady lornoxicam release by Fickian diffusion. Transdermal administration of F19 significantly inhibited the carrageenan induced hind-paw edema in rats as compared to oral lornoxicam group. CONCLUSIONS The data observed in this study demonstrated that the developed proniosomal gel (F19) improved the clinical efficacy of lornoxicam as compared to oral therapy. Graphical Abstract Proniosomal gel for transdermal delivery of lornoxicam: optimization using factorial design and in vivo evaluation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Shah
- Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
| | | | - Bandar E Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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de Souza AAN, Silva NS, Müller AV, Polo AS, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Porphyrins as Photoredox Catalysts in Csp 2-H Arylations: Batch and Continuous Flow Approaches. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15077-15086. [PMID: 30456953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated both batch and continuous flow photoarylations of enol-acetates to yield different α-arylated aldehyde and ketone building blocks by using diazonium salts as the aryl-radical source. Different porphyrins were used as SET photocatalysts, and photophysical as well as electrochemical studies were performed to rationalize the photoredox properties and suggest mechanistic insights. Notably, the most electron-deficient porphyrin ( meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin) shows the best photoactivity as an electron donor in the triplet excited state, which was rationalized by the redox potentials of excited states and the turnover of the porphyrins in the photocatalytic cycle. A two-step continuous protocol and multigram-scale reactions are also presented revealing a robust, cost-competitive, and easy methodology, highlighting the significant potential of porphyrins as SET photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A N de Souza
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos , São Paulo 13565-905 , Brazil
| | - Nathalia S Silva
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos , São Paulo 13565-905 , Brazil
| | - Andressa V Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - André S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Timothy J Brocksom
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos , São Paulo 13565-905 , Brazil.,Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos , São Paulo 13565-905 , Brazil
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18
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Soni S, Dwivedee BP, Chand Banerjee U. Facile fabrication of a recyclable nanobiocatalyst: immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia lipase on carbon nanofibers for the kinetic resolution of a racemic atenolol intermediate. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27763-27774. [PMID: 35542692 PMCID: PMC9083555 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of surfactant treated Burkholderia cepacia lipase on the surface of carbon nanofibers was performed via two different methods: adsorption and covalent attachment. Simple adsorption of lipase on carbon nanofibers turned out to be a poor strategy, exhibiting an immobilization efficiency of 36%, while covalent coupling using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) showed better immobilization efficiency (56%). The nanobioconjugate fabricated using the latter method showed an eleven-fold increase in enzyme activity towards the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate and enhanced dispersion in organic solvents. At 80 °C, the half-life of lipase in the nanobioconjugate was almost 20 fold higher than that of free lipase, demonstrating its thermal stability. The as-prepared nanobioconjugate was reused for nine consecutive reaction cycles achieving 100% yield in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol palmitate but losing almost 50% of the initial activity after seven operational cycles. Finally, this heterogeneous nanobioconjugate was more active and enantioselective [C = 47.8, eep = 97.0 and E = 194] than free lipase [C = 35.4, eep = 97.1 and E = 88] towards the kinetic resolution of a racemic intermediate of atenolol yielding the S enantiomer, which signifies its importance as a nanobiocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
| | - Bharat Prasad Dwivedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
| | - Uttam Chand Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research S.A.S. Nagar 160062 Punjab India
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19
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Influence of skin permeation enhancers on the transdermal delivery of palonosetron: An in vitro evaluation. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Agustian J, Kamaruddin AH, Aboul-Enein HY. Fast liquid chromatography for racemic atenolol acetate separation-The analytical protocol. Chirality 2017; 29:847-853. [PMID: 28963758 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution of (R,S)-atenolol is a faster strategy to produce (S)-atenolol. Since this racemate is a less soluble compound, resolution of its ester offers high concentrations in the process. A good analytical method is required to observe the enantiomer concentrations. This paper described application of ultra-fast liquid chromatography on the atenolol ester separation using different resolution media and analytical procedures. Chiralcel OD column resolved the ester. The chromatograms indicated different characteristics of the process. The enantiomers could be recognized by the column in less than 1 (one) hour. Symmetrical peaks were obtained, but several procedures produced peaks with wide bases and slanted baselines. Efficient enantioresolution was obtained at high mobile phase flow rate, decreased concentration of amine-type modifier, but increased alcohol content in the mobile phase. High UV detection wavelength was required. At 1.0 mL/min, the (90/10/0.5) composition resulted α = 1.46 and RS = 0.9998 that were good separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Agustian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Agustian J, Kamaruddin AH, Aboul-Enein HY. Factors screening to statistical experimental design of racemic atenolol kinetic resolution via transesterification reaction in organic solvent using free Pseudomonas fluorescens
lipase. Chirality 2017; 29:376-385. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joni Agustian
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universitas Lampung; Bandar Lampung Lampung Indonesia
| | - Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
- School of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Seberang Perai Selatan Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
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AL-DHUBIAB BE. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of nano-based films for buccal delivery of zolpidem. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e126. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Agustian J, Kamaruddin AH, Aboul-Enein HY. Enantio-conversion and -selectivity of racemic atenolol kinetic resolution using free Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (Amano) conducted via transesterification reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of reaction parameters on kinetic resolution of racemic atenolol usingPseudomonas fluorescenslipase were investigatedviatransesterification for production of pharmacologically active eutomer (S)-atenolol with high enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Agustian
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universitas Lampung
- Bandar Lampung 35145
- Indonesia
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Nair AB, Kumria R, Al-Dhubiab BE, Attimarad M, Harsha S. Noninvasive Sampling of Gabapentin by Reverse Iontophoresis. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1417-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Agustian J, Kamaruddin AH, Aboul-Enein HY. Chromatographic comparison of atenolol separation in reaction media on cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase using ultra fast liquid chromatography. Chirality 2012; 24:356-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
- School of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Seberang Perai Selatan; Pulau Pinang; Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki; Cairo; Egypt
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Bijaya G, Kaushal D, Sonal D, Pallavi K. Synthesis and evaluation of esmolol prodrugs for transdermal delivery. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:532-40. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.490248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nair A, Reddy C, Jacob S. Delivery of a classical antihypertensive agent through the skin by chemical enhancers and iontophoresis. Skin Res Technol 2009; 15:187-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singh G, Ghosh B, Kaushalkumar D, Somsekhar V. Screening of venlafaxine hydrochloride for transdermal delivery: passive diffusion and iontophoresis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:791-7. [PMID: 18592380 PMCID: PMC2977036 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate in vitro transdermal delivery of venlafaxine hydrochloride across the pigskin by passive diffusion and iontophoresis. For passive diffusion, experiments were carried out in Franz diffusion cell whereas for iontophoretic permeation, the diffusion cell was modified to contain both the donor and return electrode on the same side of skin. Anodal iontophoresis was carried out using a current density of 0.5 mA/cm(2). Donor concentrations used were 585.5 mg/ml (saturated solution) and 100 mg/ml. Experiments initially performed to determine the transport efficiency of venlafaxine ions showed promising results. Iontophoresis increased the permeation rate at both concentration levels over their passive counterparts (P < 0.01), but surprisingly higher steady-state flux was obtained from lower donor drug load (P < 0.01). The favorable pH of the unsaturated solutions is suggested to be the cause for this effect. Mild synergistic effect was observed when iontophoresis was carried out incorporating peppermint oil in the donor but the same was not found in passive diffusion. Highest steady-state flux obtained in the experiment was 3.279 mumol/cm(2)/h when peppermint oil (0.1%) was included in the donor. As the maintenance requirement of venlafaxine hydrochloride is approximately 9.956 mumol/h, the results suggested that the drug is a promising candidate for iontophoretic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharanjit Singh
- />Research associate, Formulation and Development, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bijaya Ghosh
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K.L.E Society’s College of Pharmacy, IInd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560010 Karnataka India
| | - Dave Kaushalkumar
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K.L.E Society’s College of Pharmacy, IInd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560010 Karnataka India
| | - Vanita Somsekhar
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K.L.E Society’s College of Pharmacy, IInd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560010 Karnataka India
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Quan J, Wang N, Cai XQ, Wu Q, Lin XF. Controllable selective enzymatic synthesis of N-acyl and O-acylpropranolol vinyl esters and preparation of polymeric prodrug of propranolol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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