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From Biomedical Applications of Alginate towards CVD Implications Linked to COVID-19. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030318. [PMID: 35337116 PMCID: PMC8955152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past year, researchers have focused their attention on developing new strategies for understanding how the coronavirus affects human health and developing novel biomaterials to help patients with cardiovascular disease, which greatly increases the risk of complications from the virus. Natural biopolymers have been investigated, and it has been proven that alginate-based materials have important features. This review presents an overview of alginate-based materials used for developing innovative biomaterial platforms for biomedical applications to mitigate the effects of the coronavirus. As presented in this review, COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system, not only the lungs. The first part of the review presents an introduction to cardiovascular diseases and describes how they have become an important problem worldwide. In the second part of the review, the origin and unique properties of the alginate biopolymer are presented. Among the properties of alginate, the most important are its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, nontoxicity, unique structure, and interesting features after chemical modification. The third section of the review illustrates some of the functions of alginate in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and drug delivery applications. Researchers are using alginate to develop new devices and materials for repairing heart tissues that have been damaged by the coronavirus. Further, insights regarding how cardiovascular disease affects COVID-19 patients are also discussed. Finally, we conclude the review by presenting a summary of the impacts of COVID-19 on cardiovascular patients, their implications, and several hypothetical alginate-based treatments for infected patients.
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Filatova LY, Balabushevich NG, Klyachko NL. A physicochemical, structural, microbiological and kinetic study of hen egg white lysozyme in complexes with alginate and chitosan. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1909001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Y. Filatova
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda G. Balabushevich
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia L. Klyachko
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Chitosan-coated alginate micro-particles delivery of active principles through conventional pelleted food - A study in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Layek B, Mandal S. Natural polysaccharides for controlled delivery of oral therapeutics: a recent update. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de la Vega L, Lee C, Sharma R, Amereh M, Willerth SM. 3D bioprinting models of neural tissues: The current state of the field and future directions. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:240-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rajwani A, Restall B, Muller NJ, Roebuck S, Willerth SM. An Affordable Microsphere-Based Device for Visual Assessment of Water Quality. BIOSENSORS 2017; 7:E31. [PMID: 28783063 PMCID: PMC5618037 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work developed a prototype of an affordable, long-term water quality detection device that provides a visual readout upon detecting bacterial contamination. This device prototype consists of: (1) enzyme-releasing microspheres that lyse bacteria present in a sample, (2) microspheres that release probes that bind the DNA of the lysed bacteria, and (3) a detector region consisting of gold nanoparticles. The probes bind bacterial DNA, forming complexes. These complexes induce aggregation of the gold nanoparticles located in the detector region. The nanoparticle aggregation process causes a red to blue color change, providing a visual indicator of contamination being detected. Our group fabricated and characterized microspheres made of poly (ε-caprolactone) that released lysozyme (an enzyme that degrades bacterial cell walls) and hairpin DNA probes that bind to regions of the Escherichiacoli genome over a 28-day time course. The released lysozyme retained its ability to lyse bacteria. We then showed that combining these components with gold nanoparticles followed by exposure to an E. coli-contaminated water sample (concentrations tested-10⁶ and 10⁸ cells/mL) resulted in a dramatic red to blue color change. Overall, this device represents a novel low-cost system for long term detection of bacteria in a water supply and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Rajwani
- Biomedical Engineering program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Brendon Restall
- Biomedical Engineering program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Nathan J Muller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Scott Roebuck
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Gurina MS, Vil’danova RR, Badykova LA, Vlasova NM, Kolesov SV. Microparticles based on chitosan–hyaluronic acid interpolyelectrolyte complex, which provide stability of aqueous dispersions. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427217020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Newaj-Fyzul A, Austin B. Probiotics, immunostimulants, plant products and oral vaccines, and their role as feed supplements in the control of bacterial fish diseases. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:937-55. [PMID: 25287254 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a rapidly increasing literature pointing to the success of probiotics, immunostimulants, plant products and oral vaccines in immunomodulation, namely stimulation of the innate, cellular and/or humoral immune response, and the control of bacterial fish diseases. Probiotics are regarded as live micro-organisms administered orally and leading to health benefits. However, in contrast with the use in terrestrial animals, a diverse range of micro-organisms have been evaluated in aquaculture with the mode of action often reflecting immunomodulation. Moreover, the need for living cells has been questioned. Also, key subcellular components, including lipopolysaccharides, have been attributed to the beneficial effect in fish. Here, there is a link with immunostimulants, which may also be administered orally. Furthermore, numerous plant products have been reported to have health benefits, namely protection against disease for which stimulation of some immune parameters has been reported. Oral vaccines confer protection against some diseases, although the mode of action is usually linked to humoral rather than the innate and cellular immune responses. This review explores the relationship between probiotics, immunostimulants, plant products and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Newaj-Fyzul
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - B Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Abstract
Novel solid lipid drug delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have attracted wide and increasing attention in recent years. It has been sought as an interesting alternative drug delivery carrier system for bioactives for a variety of delivery routes. They show major advantages such as sustained release, improved bioavailability, improved drug incorporation and very wide application. This paper presents a discussion on the production protocols of SLN, lyophilization of SLN and delivery of SLN across the blood–brain barrier. Special attention was also paid to entrapment and release of drugs from SLN and strategies to enhance drug entrapment in SLN for sustained release. Analytical methods for the characterization of SLN were also discussed. Various routes of administration of SLN were presented as well as a consideration of the ethical issues and future prospects in the production and use of SLN for sustained release of bioactives.
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Cocchietto M, Blasi P, Lapasin R, Moro C, Gallo D, Sava G. Microencapsulation of bioactive principles with an airless spray-gun suitable for processing high viscous solutions. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:312-28. [PMID: 24956192 PMCID: PMC4030931 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to design, assemble and test a prototype of a novel production plant, suitable for producing microparticles (MPs) by processing highly viscous feed solutions (FSs). METHODS the prototype has been built using a commercial air compressor, a piston pump, an airless spray-gun, a customized air-treatment section, a timer, a rotating base, and a filtration section. Preliminary prototype parameter setting was carried out to individuate the best performing nozzle's dimension, the nebulization timing, and the CaCl2 concentration in the gelation fluid. In addition, prototype throughput (1 L to 5 L) and the range of practicable feed solution (FS) viscosities were assayed. A set of four batches was prepared in order to characterize the MPs, in terms of mean particle size and distribution, flow properties, swelling, encapsulation efficiency and release. RESULTS according to a qualitative scoring, the large nozzle was suitable to nebulize FSs at a higher alginate concentration. Conversely, the small nozzle performed better in the processing of FSs with an alginate concentration up to 2% w/v. Only at the highest degree of viscosity, corresponding to 5% w/v of alginate, the FS processing was not technically possible. Among the CaCl2 concentrations considered, 15% w/v was recognized as the most versatile. The prototype appears to be convenient and suitable to grant a high yield starting from 2 L of FS. The flow behavior of the FSs assayed can be satisfactorily described with the Carreau-Yasuda equation and the throughput begins to slightly decrease for FSs at alginate concentrations exceeding 3% w/v. MP morphology was irregular with crumpled shape. The angle of repose indicates a good flowability and the release studies showed gastro-resistance and potential prolonged release applications. CONCLUSIONS the novel prototype of production plant is suitable to process large amounts (2 L or more) of FSs, characterized by a high viscosity, to produce MPs suitable for bioactive principle delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Cocchietto
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Institutes of Biological Researches, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.
| | - Romano Lapasin
- Department of Materials and Natural Resources, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Chiara Moro
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Institutes of Biological Researches, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Davide Gallo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Gianni Sava
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Institutes of Biological Researches, Trieste 34127, Italy.
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Hariyadi DM, Wang Y, Lin SCY, Bostrom T, Bhandari B, Coombes AGA. Novel alginate gel microspheres produced by impinging aerosols for oral delivery of proteins. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:250-61. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.646329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Borgogna M, Bellich B, Cesàro A. Marine polysaccharides in microencapsulation and application to aquaculture: "from sea to sea". Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2572-2604. [PMID: 22363241 PMCID: PMC3280570 DOI: 10.3390/md9122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review's main objective is to discuss some physico-chemical features of polysaccharides as intrinsic determinants for the supramolecular structures that can efficiently provide encapsulation of drugs and other biological entities. Thus, the general characteristics of some basic polysaccharides are outlined in terms of their conformational, dynamic and thermodynamic properties. The analysis of some polysaccharide gelling properties is also provided, including the peculiarity of the charged polysaccharides. Then, the way the basic physical chemistry of polymer self-assembly is made in practice through the laboratory methods is highlighted. A description of the several literature procedures used to influence molecular interactions into the macroscopic goal of the encapsulation is given with an attempt at classification. Finally, a practical case study of specific interest, the use of marine polysaccharide matrices for encapsulation of vaccines in aquaculture, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attilio Cesàro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1-I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.B.); (B.B.)
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Cocchietto M, Zorzin L, Toffoli B, Candido R, Fabris B, Stebel M, Sava G. Orally administered microencapsulated lysozyme downregulates serum AGE and reduces the severity of early-stage diabetic nephropathy. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2008; 34:587-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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