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Wang W, Zhang X, Li C, Zou Y, Li G, Chen Y, Chen G, Duan J. Bubble behavior, flow characteristics, and mass transfer enhancement in self-priming Venturi tubes. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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2
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Water-in-oil microcompartments for the study of biomimetic drug metabolism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 569:378-385. [PMID: 32126350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microcompartments in the form of water-in-oil droplets have been utilized to construct artificial cells and simulate human body environment. However, the performance of subcellular structure involved metabolism in emulsion droplets has not been explored, and the underlying mechanism is still being elucidated. In this work, drug metabolism is presented on the basis of great amounts of microcompartments formed of picoliter-volume droplets with different radius (R), using a commercial four-way valve as a droplet generator. A model substrate, phenacetin, and its metabolite, paracetamol, are quantitatively analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the reaction kinetics is characterized. In microdroplets of varying size (R = 18, 27, 42, and 51 μm, respectively), both conversion ratio and reaction rate constant of the metabolism are influenced in different degree. For instance, the substrate conversion ratio after 60 min of incubation in R = 27 μm droplets improves from 15% to 42%, and the reaction rate constant improves nearly five-fold, compared to that in bulk phase. The influence of microcompartment size on metabolism rate is further explored by simulation using a diffusion-reaction model. The droplet-based strategy is rapid, accurate and cost-efficient, fitting especially into biomimetic metabolism studies.
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Harmon JN, Kabinejadian F, Seda R, Fabiilli ML, Kuruvilla S, Kuo CC, Greve JM, Fowlkes JB, Bull JL. Minimally invasive gas embolization using acoustic droplet vaporization in a rodent model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11040. [PMID: 31363130 PMCID: PMC6667465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients are not eligible for curative therapies, such as surgical resection of the tumor or a liver transplant. Transarterial embolization is one therapy clinically used in these cases; however, this requires a long procedure and careful placement of an intraarterial catheter. Gas embolization has been proposed as a fast, easily administered, more spatially selective, and less invasive alternative. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of using acoustic droplet vaporization to noninvasively generate gas emboli within vasculature. Intravital microscopy experiments were performed using the rat cremaster muscle to visually observe the formation of occlusions. Large gas emboli were produced within the vasculature in the rat cremaster, effectively occluding blood flow. Following these experiments, the therapeutic efficacy of gas embolization was investigated in an ectopic xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. The treatment group exhibited a significantly lower final tumor volume (ANOVA, p = 0.008) and growth rate than control groups - tumor growth was completely halted. Additionally, treated tumors exhibited significant necrosis as determined by histological analysis. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of gas embolotherapy in a tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Harmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Foad Kabinejadian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robinson Seda
- Data Office for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sibu Kuruvilla
- Department of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cathleen C Kuo
- Department of Neuroscience, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joan M Greve
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Brian Fowlkes
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph L Bull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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Jiang Y, Du L, Li Y, Mu Q, Cui Z, Zhou J, Wu W. A novel mechanism for user-friendly and self-activated microdroplet generation capable of programmable control. Analyst 2018; 143:3798-3807. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The real-time continuous-flow PCR inside a 3D spiral microchannel is realized by a novel self-activated microdroplet generation/transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
| | - Lin Du
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yuanming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
| | - Quanquan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
| | - Zhongxu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Wenming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
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Qamar A, Warnez M, Valassis DT, Guetzko ME, Bull JL. Small-bubble transport and splitting dynamics in a symmetric bifurcation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:1182-1194. [PMID: 28658586 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1340466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Simulations of small bubbles traveling through symmetric bifurcations are conducted to garner information pertinent to gas embolotherapy, a potential cancer treatment. Gas embolotherapy procedures use intra-arterial bubbles to occlude tumor blood supply. As bubbles pass through bifurcations in the blood stream nonhomogeneous splitting and undesirable bioeffects may occur. To aid development of gas embolotherapy techniques, a volume of fluid method is used to model the splitting process of gas bubbles passing through artery and arteriole bifurcations. The model reproduces the variety of splitting behaviors observed experimentally, including the bubble reversal phenomenon. Splitting homogeneity and maximum shear stress along the vessel walls is predicted over a variety of physical parameters. Small bubbles, having initial length less than twice the vessel diameter, were found unlikely to split in the presence of gravitational asymmetry. Maximum shear stresses were found to decrease exponentially with increasing Reynolds number. Vortex-induced shearing near the bifurcation is identified as a possible mechanism for endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Qamar
- a Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Matthew Warnez
- b Mechanical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Doug T Valassis
- c Case Medical Center , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Megan E Guetzko
- c Case Medical Center , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Joseph L Bull
- a Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Seda R, Li DS, Fowlkes JB, Bull JL. Characterization of Bioeffects on Endothelial Cells under Acoustic Droplet Vaporization. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:3241-52. [PMID: 26403698 PMCID: PMC4794981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas embolotherapy is achieved by locally vaporizing microdroplets through acoustic droplet vaporization, which results in bubbles that are large enough to occlude blood flow directed to tumors. Endothelial cells, lining blood vessels, can be affected by these vaporization events, resulting in cell injury and cell death. An idealized monolayer of endothelial cells was subjected to acoustic droplet vaporization using a 3.5-MHz transducer and dodecafluoropentane droplets. Treatments included insonation pressures that varied from 2 to 8 MPa (rarefactional) and pulse lengths that varied from 4 to 16 input cycles. The bubble cloud generated was directly dependent on pressure, but not on pulse length. Cellular damage increased with increasing bubble cloud size, but was limited to the bubble cloud area. These results suggest that vaporization near the endothelium may impact the vessel wall, an effect that could be either deleterious or beneficial depending on the intended overall therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Seda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David S Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Brian Fowlkes
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph L Bull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Drag-induced breakup mechanism for droplet generation in dripping within flow focusing microfluidics. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu P, Wang Y, Luo Z, Li Y, Li M, He L. A 3D easily-assembled Micro-Cross for droplet generation. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:795-798. [PMID: 24362554 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an off-the-shelf device combined with some commercial adapters that performs as a micro droplet generator. The advantage of this unit lies in that it is assembled conveniently, connected elegantly with other droplet detection equipment, and it is high-pressure enduring. Most importantly, this Micro-Cross circumvents the problem of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and produces W/O or O/W droplets at a higher frequency than PDMS chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
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Poornima J, Vengadesan S. Numerical Simulation of Bubble Transport in a Bifurcating Microchannel: A Preliminary Study. J Biomech Eng 2012; 134:081005. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of bubble transport in a first generation bifurcating microchannel. In the present study, the human arteriole is modeled as a two-dimensional (2D) rectangular bifurcating microchannel. The microchannel is filled with blood and a single perfluorocarbon (PFC) bubble is introduced in the parent channel. The simulations are carried out to identify the lodging and dislodging pressures for two nondimensional bubble sizes, Ld (ratio of the dimensional bubble length to the parent tube diameter), that is for Ld = 1 and Ld = 2. Subsequently, the bubble transport and splitting behavior due to the presence of symmetry and asymmetry in the daughter channels of the microchannel is studied for these bubble sizes. The splitting behavior of the bubble under the effect of gravity is also assessed and reported here. For the symmetric bifurcation model, the splitting ratio (SR) (ratio of bubble volume in bottom daughter channel to bubble volume in top daughter channel), of the bubble was found to be 1. For the asymmetric model, the splitting ratio was found to be less than 1. The loss in the bubble volume in the asymmetric model was attributed to surface tension effects and the resistance offered by the flow, which led to the bubble sticking and sliding along the walls of the channel. With the increase in roll angle, Φ (angle which the plane makes with the horizontal to study the effects of gravity), there was a decline in the splitting ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Vengadesan
- Fluid Mechanics Laboratory,Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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