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Qin M, Qian Y, Huang L, Zhong C, Li M, Yu J, Chen H. Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analytical evaluation and synthetic preparation of pharmaceutical chemicals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110900. [PMID: 36713836 PMCID: PMC9880169 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS), due to the unique configuration of its ionization module, enables the effective ionization of trace molecules of interest in samples containing complex matrices with high sensitivity, high selectivity and high responding speed without requiring sample pretreatment, and allows high-energy molecular species to undergo specially designed reactions for advanced functionalization. The typical effects of operating conditions on the analytical performance of extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for various pharmaceutical compounds, pharmaceutical preparations and herbal materials were systematically reviewed. The application prospect of extraction electrospray ionization in molecular functionalization for advanced drug discovery is also briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Qin
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for BioSample Analysis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuqing Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingdong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for BioSample Analysis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Huanwen Chen,
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2
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Mass spectrometry for breath analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Deb R, Sarma B, Dalal A. Magnetowetting dynamics of sessile ferrofluid droplets: a review. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2287-2324. [PMID: 35244655 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating behavior of ferrofluids in a magnetic field has been intriguing researchers for many years. With the advancement in digital microfluidics, ferrofluid droplets have been extensively used in different applications ranging from biomedical to mechanical systems. Notably, the magnetic field can change the wetting dynamics of sessile ferrofluid droplets, leading to a plethora of interesting hydrodynamic phenomena. In the recent past, the spatiotemporal evolution of the droplet shape and contact line dynamics of a ferrofluid droplet in different magnetowetting scenarios has been explored widely. The relevant studies elucidate several critical aspects, such as the role of magnetic nanoparticles, carrier fluid, and the interaction of the magnetic fluid with the solid surface, among many others. Hence a systematic review of the progress made in understanding the fundamental and practical aspects of magnetowetting in the past decade (2010-2020) would be a helpful resource to the scientific community in the near future. Drawn by this motivation, an honest effort has been made in this Review to highlight the significant scientific findings concerning the sessile droplet magnetowetting phenomena within the timeline of interest. Several cutting-edge applications developed from the scientific findings in the purview of magnetowetting have also been discussed before outlining the conclusions and future areas of scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupresha Deb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
| | - Bhaskarjyoti Sarma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
| | - Amaresh Dalal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
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WANG SL, ZHU RY, ZHANG XL, SHEN WX, ZHANG H, FANG XW, YANG SP. Rapid screening of low-quality cooking oil by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rapid Determination of the Freshness of Lotus Seeds Using Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry with Multivariate Analyses. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1628796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore a new method to detect the freshness of lotus seeds, the lotus seeds stored for 0, 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, were used as experimental materials and analyzed by DAPCI-MS (desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry). The obtained data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and backpropagation artificial neural networks (BP-ANNs). The result showed that DAPCI-MS could obtain abundant chemical material information from the slice surface of lotus seeds. The BP-ANNs model could be applied not only to distinguish fresh and aged lotus seeds with the testing set accuracies of 95.0% and 91.7%, respectively, but also to classify lotus seeds with different storage times with the testing set accuracies of 90.0%, 85.0%, 85.0%, and 90.0%, respectively. The paper developed a fast, convenient, and accurate method for the freshness detection of lotus seed and would provide reliable reference value for rapid authentication of food freshness by the rapid mass spectrometry technique.
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Yang X, Huang H, Lu Q, Chen SH, Wang F, Huang OP, Hu B, Yang BC. High-throughput polymer tip-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for enhanced detection of neopterin and biopterin in clinical urine samples. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:189-194. [PMID: 30597687 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urinary biopterin (Bio) and neopterin (Neo) are important markers for clinical diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninemia. Herein, we developed a high-throughput analysis method based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with polymer tips for the rapid quantitative detection of Bio and Neo in clinical urine samples. Different polymer tips were investigated. It is found that the best detection sensitivity was achieved with hydrophobic polymer tip, ie, polyethylene tips. The high-throughput polymer tip-ESI-MS method allowed a rapid analysis speed at ~40 seconds per sample. The limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N ≥ 10) for the detection of Bio and Neo were improved to be 5.0 ng/mL. Acceptable relative standard deviation (RSD) values for Neo and Bio were measured to be 12.2% and 13.4% for direct measurement of Bio and Neo in raw urine samples, respectively. Furthermore, Bio and Neo were directly quantified from 18 clinical urine samples by presented method. The ratios of urinary Bio-to-Neo were analyzed for diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninemia. The results demonstrated that the present polymer tip-ESI-MS method is a promising strategy for the rapid analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ou-Ping Huang
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Yang
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
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ZHANG XL, ZHANG H, WANG XC, HUANG KK, WANG D, CHEN HW. Advances in Ambient Ionization for Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aszyk J, Byliński H, Namieśnik J, Kot-Wasik A. Main strategies, analytical trends and challenges in LC-MS and ambient mass spectrometry–based metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lu H, Zhang H, Chingin K, Xiong J, Fang X, Chen H. Ambient mass spectrometry for food science and industry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Internal extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: a powerful platform for bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:523-525. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Kumbhani SR, Wingen LM, Perraud V, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. A cautionary note on the effects of laboratory air contaminants on ambient ionization mass spectrometry measurements. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1659-1668. [PMID: 28782138 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ambient ionization mass spectrometry methods are convenient, sensitive and require little sample preparation. However, they are susceptible to species present in air surrounding the mass spectrometer. This study identifies some challenges associated with the potential impacts of indoor air contaminants on ionization and analysis involving open-air methods. METHODS Unexpected effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from floor maintenance activities on ambient ionization mass spectrometry were studied using three different ambient ionization techniques. Extractive electrospray ionization (EESI), direct analysis in real time (DART) and ionization by piezoelectric direct discharge (PDD) plasma were demonstrated in this study to be affected by indoor air contaminants. Identification of contaminant vapors was verified by comparison with standards using EESI-MS/MS product ion scans. RESULTS Emissions of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether are identified from floor stripping and waxing solutions using three ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques. These unexpected indoor air contaminants are capable of more than 75% ion suppression of target analytes due to their high volatility, proton affinity and solubility compared with the target analytes. The contaminant vapors are also shown to form adducts with one of the target analytes. CONCLUSIONS The common practice in MS analysis of subtracting a background air spectrum may not be appropriate if the presence of ionizable air contaminants alters the spectrum in unexpected ways. For example, VOCs released into air from floor stripping and waxing are capable of causing ion suppression of target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhav R Kumbhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Lisa M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Véronique Perraud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
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Liu C, Yang J, Wang J, Hu Y, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Qi F, Pan Y. Extractive Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (EAPPI) Mass Spectrometry: Rapid Analysis of Chemicals in Complex Matrices. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1597-1605. [PMID: 27460208 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extractive atmospheric pressure photoionization (EAPPI) mass spectrometry was designed for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemicals in complex matrices. In this method, an ultrasonic nebulization system was applied to sample extraction, nebulization, and vaporization. Mixed with a gaseous dopant, vaporized analytes were ionized through ambient photon-induced ion-molecule reactions, and were mass-analyzed by a high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). After careful optimization and testing with pure sample solution, EAPPI was successfully applied to the fast screening of capsules, soil, natural products, and viscous compounds. Analysis was completed within a few seconds without the need for preseparation. Moreover, the quantification capability of EAPPI for matrices was evaluated by analyzing six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. The correlation coefficients (R (2) ) for standard curves of all six PAHs were above 0.99, and the detection limits were in the range of 0.16-0.34 ng/mg. In addition, EAPPI could also be used to monitor organic chemical reactions in real time. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Zhongyue Zhou
- Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
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Fang X, Yang S, Chingin K, Zhu L, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Zhao Z. Quantitative Detection of Trace Malachite Green in Aquiculture Water Samples by Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E814. [PMID: 27529262 PMCID: PMC4997500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to malachite green (MG) may pose great health risks to humans; thus, it is of prime importance to develop fast and robust methods to quantitatively screen the presence of malachite green in water. Herein the application of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been extended to the trace detection of MG within lake water and aquiculture water, due to the intensive use of MG as a biocide in fisheries. This method has the advantage of obviating offline liquid-liquid extraction or tedious matrix separation prior to the measurement of malachite green in native aqueous medium. The experimental results indicate that the extrapolated detection limit for MG was ~3.8 μg·L(-1) (S/N = 3) in lake water samples and ~0.5 μg·L(-1) in ultrapure water under optimized experimental conditions. The signal intensity of MG showed good linearity over the concentration range of 10-1000 μg·L(-1). Measurement of practical water samples fortified with MG at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg·L(-1) gave a good validation of the established calibration curve. The average recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) of malachite green in lake water and Carassius carassius fish farm effluent water were 115% (6.64% RSD), 85.4% (9.17% RSD) and 96.0% (7.44% RSD), respectively. Overall, the established EESI-MS/MS method has been demonstrated suitable for sensitive and rapid (<2 min per sample) quantitative detection of malachite green in various aqueous media, indicating its potential for online real-time monitoring of real life samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Shuiping Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Liang Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Xinglei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Zhiquan Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhanfeng Zhao
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
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Jjunju FPM, Maher S, Li A, Syed SU, Smith B, Heeren RMA, Taylor S, Cooks RG. Hand-held portable desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion source for in situ analysis of nitroaromatic explosives. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10047-55. [PMID: 26329926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel, lightweight (0.6 kg), solvent- and gas-cylinder-free, hand-held ion source based on desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization has been developed and deployed for the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives on surfaces in open air, offering portability for in-field analysis. A small, inexpensive, rechargeable lithium polymer battery was used to power the custom-designed circuitry within the device, which generates up to ±5 kV dc voltage to ignite a corona discharge plasma in air for up to 12 h of continuous operation, and allowing positive- and negative-ion mass spectrometry. The generated plasma is pneumatically transported to the surface to be interrogated by ambient air at a rate of 1-3.5 L/min, compressed using a small on-board diaphragm pump. The plasma source allows liquid or solid samples to be examined almost instantaneously without any sample preparation in the open environment. The advantages of low carrier gas and low power consumption (<6 W), as well as zero solvent usage, have aided in developing the field-ready, hand-held device for trigger-based, "near-real-time" sampling/ionization. Individual nitroaromatic explosives (such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) can be easily detected in amounts as low as 5.8 pg with a linear dynamic range of at least 10 (10-100 pg), a relative standard deviation of ca. 7%, and an R(2) value of 0.9986. Direct detection of several nitroaromatic compounds in a complex mixture without prior sample preparation is demonstrated, and their identities are confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred P M Jjunju
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.,Q-Technologies Ltd. , 100 Childwall Road, Liverpool L15 6UX, U.K
| | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K
| | - Anyin Li
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sarfaraz U Syed
- M4I, the Maastricht Multi Modal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.,Q-Technologies Ltd. , 100 Childwall Road, Liverpool L15 6UX, U.K
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- M4I, the Maastricht Multi Modal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.,Q-Technologies Ltd. , 100 Childwall Road, Liverpool L15 6UX, U.K
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Fast Differential Analysis of Propolis Using Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:176475. [PMID: 26339245 PMCID: PMC4539062 DOI: 10.1155/2015/176475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectral fingerprints of 24 raw propolis samples, including 23 from China and one from the United States, were directly obtained using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (SDAPCI-MS) without sample pretreatment. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the most abundant signals were detected in the mass ranges of 70 to 500 m/z and 200 to 350 m/z, respectively. Principal component analyses (PCA) for the two mass ranges showed similarities in that the colors had a significant correlation with the first two PCs; in contrast there was no correlation with the climatic zones from which the samples originated. Analytes such as chrysin, pinocembrin, and quercetin were detected and identified using multiple stage mass spectrometry within 3 min. Therefore, SDAPCI-MS can be used for rapid and reliable high-throughput analysis of propolis.
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Abstract
Ambient ionization MS has become very popular in analytical science and has now evolved as an effective analytical tool in metabolomics, biological tissue imaging, protein and small molecule drug analysis, where biological samples are probed in a rapid and direct fashion with minimal sample preparation at ambient conditions. However, certain inherent challenges continue to hinder the vibrant prospects of these methods for in situ analyses or to replace conventional methods in bioanalysis. This review provides an introduction to the field and its application in bioanalysis, with an emphasis on the most recent developments and applications. Furthermore, ongoing challenges or limitations related to quantitation, sensitivity, selectivity, instrumentation and mass range of these ambient methods will also be discussed.
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Li L, Yang SH, Vidova V, Rice EM, Wijeratne AB, Havlíček V, Schug KA. Reversed phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to continuous flow-extractive desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for analysis and charge state manipulation of undigested proteins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:361-368. [PMID: 26307717 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of continuous flow-extractive desorption electrospray ionization (CF-EDESI), an ambient ionization source demonstrated previously for use with intact protein analysis, is expanded here for the coupling of reversed phase protein separations to mass spectrometry. This configuration allows the introduction of charging additives to enhance detection without affecting the chromatographic separation mechanism. Two demonstrations of the advantages of CF-EDESI are presented in this work. First, a proof-of- principle is presented to demonstrate the applicability of hyphenation of liquid chromatography (LC) to CF- EDESI. LC-CF-EDESI-MS has good sensitivity compared to LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry. Second, the supercharging mechanism investigated in CF-EDESI provides an insight into a highly debated supercharging process in ESI. The results indicate that the mechanism of protein charging seen in HPLC-CF-EDESI is different from supercharging phenomena in conventional ESI. The surface tension mechanism and binding mechanism may both contribute to protein supercharging in ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.
| | - Samuel H Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
| | - Veronika Vidova
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic..
| | - Elisa M Rice
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
| | - Aruna B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
| | - Vladimír Havlíček
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17.listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic..
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
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Guo C, Tang F, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhang X. Development of dielectric-barrier-discharge ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2345-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Direct Molecular Analysis of Garlic Using Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(14)60783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Direct detection of chloramphenicol in honey by neutral desorption-extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7705-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li L, Schug KA. Continuous-flow extractive desorption electrospray ionization coupled to normal phase separations and for direct lipid analysis from cell extracts. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2357-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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24
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Espy RD, Wleklinski M, Yan X, Cooks RG. Beyond the flask: Reactions on the fly in ambient mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Reactive extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive detection of tetrabromobisphenol A derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 814:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Ferreira CR, Wu L, Vogt FG, Bornancini ER, Cooks RG. Fiducial Markers for Distribution of Drug and Excipient on Tablet Surfaces by Multimodal Desorption Electrospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry (DESI–MS) Imaging. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.832269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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He M, Chen B, Hu B. Recent developments in stir bar sorptive extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2001-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Nemes P, Hoover WJ, Keire DA. High-throughput differentiation of heparin from other glycosaminoglycans by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7405-12. [PMID: 23841449 DOI: 10.1021/ac401318q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensors with high chemical specificity and enhanced sample throughput are vital to screening food products and medical devices for chemical or biochemical contaminants that may pose a threat to public health. For example, the rapid detection of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) in heparin could prevent reoccurrence of heparin adulteration that caused hundreds of severe adverse events including deaths worldwide in 2007-2008. Here, rapid pyrolysis is integrated with direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry to rapidly screen major glycosaminoglycans, including heparin, chondroitin sulfate A, dermatan sulfate, and OSCS. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional liquid chromatography-based analyses, pyrolysis mass spectrometry achieved at least 250-fold higher sample throughput and was compatible with samples volume-limited to about 300 nL. Pyrolysis yielded an abundance of fragment ions (e.g., 150 different m/z species), many of which were specific to the parent compound. Using multivariate and statistical data analysis models, these data enabled facile differentiation of the glycosaminoglycans with high throughput. After method development was completed, authentically contaminated samples obtained during the heparin crisis by the FDA were analyzed in a blinded manner for OSCS contamination. The lower limit of differentiation and detection were 0.1% (w/w) OSCS in heparin and 100 ng/μL (20 ng) OSCS in water, respectively. For quantitative purposes the linear dynamic range spanned approximately 3 orders of magnitude. Moreover, this chemical readout was successfully employed to find clues in the manufacturing history of the heparin samples that can be used for surveillance purposes. The presented technology and data analysis protocols are anticipated to be readily adaptable to other chemical and biochemical agents and volume-limited samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nemes
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), United States.
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29
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de Abreu LB, Augusti R, Schmidt L, Dressler VL, Flores EMDM, Nascentes CC. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) applied to the speciation of arsenic compounds from fern leaves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7643-51. [PMID: 23873446 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The different chemical forms of arsenic compounds, including inorganic and organic species, present distinct environmental impacts and toxicities. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is an excellent technique for in situ analysis, as it operates under atmospheric pressure and room temperature and is conducted with no/minimal sample pretreatment. Aimed at expanding its scope, DESI-MS is applied herein for the quick and reliable detection of inorganic (arsenate--As(V): AsO4(3-) and arsenite--As(III): AsO2(-)) and organic (dimethylarsinic acid--DMA: (CH3)2AsO(OH) and disodium methyl arsonate hexahydrate: CH3AsO3·2Na·6H2O) arsenic compounds in fern leaves. Operational conditions of DESI-MS were optimized with DMA standard deposited on paper surfaces to improve ionization efficiency and detection limits. Mass spectra data for all arsenic species were acquired in both the positive and negative ion modes. The positive ion mode was shown to be useful in detecting both the organic and inorganic arsenic compounds. The negative ion mode was shown only to be useful in detecting As(V) species. Moreover, MS/MS spectra were recorded to confirm the identity of each arsenic compound by the characteristic fragmentation profiles. Optimized conditions of DESI-MS were applied to the analysis of fern leaves. LC-ICP-MS was employed to confirm the results obtained by DESI-MS and to quantify the arsenic species in fern leaves. The results confirmed the applicability of DESI-MS in detecting arsenic compounds in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Botelho de Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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30
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Zhang T, Zhou W, Jin W, Jin Q, Chen H. Direct detection of aromatic amines and observation of intermediates of Schiff-base reactions by reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Zhan X, Zhao Z, Yuan X, Wang Q, Li D, Xie H, Li X, Zhou M, Duan Y. Microwave-Induced Plasma Desorption/Ionization Source for Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4512-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400296v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Zhan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meigui Zhou
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Morelato M, Beavis A, Kirkbride P, Roux C. Forensic applications of desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Forensic Sci Int 2013; 226:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Detection of trace levels of lead in aqueous liquids using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 98:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Yang Z, Pavlov J, Attygalle AB. Quantification and remote detection of nitro explosives by helium plasma ionization mass spectrometry (HePI-MS) on a modified atmospheric pressure source designed for electrospray ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:845-852. [PMID: 22791251 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Helium Plasma Ionization (HePI) generates gaseous negative ions upon exposure of vapors emanating from organic nitro compounds. A simple adaptation converts any electrospray ionization source to a HePI source by passing helium through the sample delivery metal capillary held at a negative potential. Compared with the demands of other He-requiring ambient pressure ionization sources, the consumption of helium by the HePI source is minimal (20-30 ml/min). Quantification experiments conducted by exposing solid deposits to a HePI source revealed that 1 ng of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on a filter paper (about 0.01 ng/mm(2)) could be detected by this method. When vapor emanating from a 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) sample was subjected to helium plasma ionization mass spectrometry (HePI-MS), a peak was observed at m/z 268 for (RDX●NO(2))(-). This facile formation of NO(2)(-) adducts was noted without the need of any extra additives as dopants. Quantitative evaluations showed RDX detection by HePI-MS to be linear over at least three orders of magnitude. TNT samples placed even 5 m away from the source were detected when the sample headspace vapor was swept by a stream of argon or nitrogen and delivered to the helium plasma ion source via a metal tube. Among the tubing materials investigated, stainless steel showed the best performance for sample delivery. A system with a copper tube, and air as the carrier gas, for example, failed to deliver any detectable amount of TNT to the source. In fact, passing over hot copper appears to be a practical way of removing TNT or other nitroaromatics from ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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35
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Campbell DI, Ferreira CR, Eberlin LS, Cooks RG. Improved spatial resolution in the imaging of biological tissue using desorption electrospray ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:389-98. [PMID: 22706326 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization imaging allows biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis through chemical characterization of biological samples in their native environment. Optimization of experimental parameters including emitter capillary size, solvent composition, solvent flow rate, mass spectrometry scan-rate and step-size is shown here to improve the resolution available in the study of biological tissue from 180 μm to about 35 μm using an unmodified commercial mass spectrometer. Mouse brain tissue was used to optimize and measure resolution based on known morphological features and their known relationships to major phospholipid components. Features of approximately 35 μm were resolved and correlations drawn between features in grey matter (principally PS (18:0/22:6), m/z 834) and in white matter (principally ST (24:1), m/z 888). The improved spatial resolution allowed characterization of the temporal changes in lipid profiles occurring within mouse ovaries during the ovulatory cycle. An increase in the production of phosphatidylinositol (PI 38:4) m/z 885 and associated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (FA 20:4) m/z 303 and adrenic acid (FA 22:4) m/z 331was seen with the postovulatory formation of the corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia I Campbell
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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36
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Feature Extraction Approach for Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Nemes P, Vertes A. Ambient mass spectrometry for in vivo local analysis and in situ molecular tissue imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Direct analysis of biological samples using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2145-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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TAN GB, GAO W, HUANG ZX, HONG Y, FU Z, DONG JG, CHENG P, ZHOU Z. Vacuum Ultraviolet Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(10)60473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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40
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Coupling frontal elution paper chromatography with desorption corona beam ionization mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of chlorphenamine in herbal medicines and dietary supplements. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7371-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Huang MZ, Cheng SC, Cho YT, Shiea J. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:1-15. [PMID: 21819855 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Suni NM, Lindfors P, Laine O, Östman P, Ojanperä I, Kotiaho T, Kauppila TJ, Kostiainen R. Matrix effect in the analysis of drugs of abuse from urine with desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (DAPPI-MS) and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Anal Chim Acta 2011; 699:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Ovchinnikova OS, Nikiforov MP, Bradshaw JA, Jesse S, Van Berkel GJ. Combined atomic force microscope-based topographical imaging and nanometer-scale resolved proximal probe thermal desorption/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. ACS NANO 2011; 5:5526-31. [PMID: 21639403 DOI: 10.1021/nn200939e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer- scale proximal probe thermal desorption/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (TD/ESI-MS) was demonstrated for molecular surface sampling of caffeine from a thin film using a 30 nm diameter nanothermal analysis (nano-TA) probe tip in an atomic force microscope (AFM) coupled via a vapor transfer line and ESI interface to a MS detection platform. Using a probe temperature of 350 °C and a spot sampling time of 30 s, conical desorption craters 250 nm in diameter and 100 nm deep were created as shown through subsequent topographical imaging of the surface within the same system. Automated sampling of a 5 × 2 array of spots, with 2 μm spacing between spots, and real time selective detection of the desorbed caffeine using tandem mass spectrometry was also demonstrated. Estimated from the crater volume (∼2 × 10(6) nm(3)), only about 10 amol (2 fg) of caffeine was liberated from each thermal desorption crater in the thin film. These results illustrate a relatively simple experimental setup and means to acquire in an automated fashion submicrometer scale spatial sampling resolution and mass spectral detection of materials amenable to TD. The ability to achieve MS-based chemical imaging with 250 nm scale spatial resolution with this system is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, USA
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44
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Hu Z, Hu B, Ding L, Jia L, Chen H. Neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for fast screening sunscreen agents in cream cosmetic products. Talanta 2011; 85:1665-71. [PMID: 21807237 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High throughput analysis of sunscreen agents present in cream cosmetic has been demonstrated, typically 2 samples per minute, using neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ND-EESI-MS) without sample pretreatment. For the targeted compounds such as 4-Aminobenzoic acid and oxybenzone, ND-EESI-MS method provided linear signal responses in the range of 1-100 ppb. Limits of detection (LOD) of the method were estimated at sub-ppb levels for the analytes tested. Reasonable relative standard deviation (RSD=8.4-16.0%) was obtained as a result of 10 independent measurements for commercial cosmetics samples spiked with each individual sunscreen agents at 1-10 ppb. Acceptable recoveries were achieved in the range of 87-116% for direct analysis of commercial cream cosmetic samples. The experimental data demonstrate that ND-EESI-MS is a useful tool for high throughput screening of sunscreen agents in highly viscous cream cosmetic products, with the capability to obtain quantitative information of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
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45
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Li X, Hu B, Ding J, Chen H. Rapid characterization of complex viscous samples at molecular levels by neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:1010-25. [PMID: 21720314 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2011.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this protocol, the sample (which could be a bulk or heterogeneous fluid, or a greasy surface) is treated with a neutral desorption (ND) sampling gas beam, and the resulting analyte mixtures are directly characterized by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). The ND device can be specifically constructed such that the sampling gas beam is bubbled through the liquid sample (microjet sampling) or directed to impact the sample surface (e.g., for the analysis of a material like cheese). The ND-EESI-MS analysis process requires no sample pretreatment because it can tolerate an extremely complex matrix. ND-EESI-MS allows real-time, online chemical profiling of highly viscous samples under ambient conditions. Both volatile and nonvolatile analytes from viscous samples can easily be detected and quantified by ND-EESI-MS, thereby providing an MS-based analytical platform for multiple disciplines (e.g., for the food industry, for drug discovery, and for the biological and life sciences). Here we describe the ND-EESI-MS protocol for viscous sample analysis, including the experimental design, equipment setup, reagent preparation, data acquisition and analysis steps. The data collection process takes <1 min per sample, although the time required for the whole procedure, which largely depends on the experimental preparation processes, might be considerably longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Huang D, Luo L, Jiang C, Han J, Wang J, Zhang T, Jiang J, Zhou Z, Chen H. Sinapine detection in radish taproot using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2148-2156. [PMID: 21332204 DOI: 10.1021/jf103725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant research and natural product detection are of sustainable interests. Benefited by direct detection with no sample preparation, sinapine, a bioactive chemical usually found in various seeds of Brassica plants, has been unambiguously detected in radish taproot (Raphanus sativus) tissue using a liquid-assisted surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS). A methanol aqueous solution (1:1) was nebulized by a nitrogen sheath gas toward the corona discharge, resulting in charged ambient small droplets, which affected the radish tissue for desorption/ionization of analytes on the tissue surface. Thus, sinapine was directly detected and identified by tandem DAPCI-MS experiments without sample pretreatment. The typical relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method for sinapine detection was 5-8% for six measurements (S/N=3). The dynamic response range was 10(-12)-10(-7) g/cm2 for sinapine on the radish skin surface. The discovery of sinapine in radish taproot was validated by using HPLC-UV methods. The data demonstrated that DAPCI assisted by solvent enhanced the overall efficiency of the desorption/ionization process, enabling sensitive detection of bioactive compounds in plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Science, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, People's Republic of China
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47
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Jia B, Ouyang Y, Sodhi RNS, Hu B, Zhang T, Li J, Chen H. Differentiation of human kidney stones induced by melamine and uric acid using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:313-319. [PMID: 21394847 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinically obtained human kidney stones of different pathogenesis were dissolved in acetic acid/methanol solutions and then rapidly analyzed by surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (SDAPCI-MS) without any desalination treatment. The mass spectral fingerprints of six groups of kidney stone samples were rapidly recorded in the mass range of m/z 50-400. A set of ten melamine-induced kidney stone samples and nine uric acid derived kidney stone samples were successfully differentiated from other groups by principal component analysis of SDAPCI-MS fingerprints upon positive-ion detection mode. In contrast, the mass spectra recorded using negative-ion detection mode did not give enough information to differentiate those stone samples. The results showed that in addition to the melamine, the chemical compounds enwrapped in the melamine-induced kidney stone samples differed from other kidney stone samples, providing useful hints for studying on the formation mechanisms of melamine-induced kidney stones. This study also provides useful information on establishing a MS-based platform for rapid analysis of the melamine-induced human kidney stones at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China
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48
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Ovchinnikova OS, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Combining Laser Ablation/Liquid Phase Collection Surface Sampling and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1874-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200051y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Ovchinnikova
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, United States
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49
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Development of Thermal Dissociation Atmospheric Chemical Ionization Source for Rapid Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ambient Samples. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(10)60421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Hu B, Zhang X, Li M, Peng X, Han J, Yang S, Ouyang Y, Chen H. Coupling corona discharge for ambient extractive ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:4977-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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