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Behrendt F, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Surface functionalized cryogels - characterization methods, recent progress in preparation and application. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39021096 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryogels are polymeric materials with a sponge-like microstructure and have attracted significant attention in recent decades. Research has focused on their composition, fabrication techniques, characterization methods as well as potential or existing fields of applications. The use of functional precursors or functionalizing ligands enables the preparation of cryogels with desired properties such as biocompatibility or responsivity. They can also exhibit adsorptive properties or can be used for catalytical purposes. Although a very brief overview about several functional (macro-)monomers and functionalizing ligands has been provided by previous reviewers for certain cryogel applications, so far there has been no particular focus on the evaluation of the functionalization success and the characterization methods used. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of different characterization methods most recently used for the evaluation of cryogel functionalization. Furthermore, new functional (macro-)monomers and subsequent cryogel functionalization strategies are discussed, based on synthetic polymers, biopolymers and a combination of both. This review highlights the importance of the functionalization aspect in cryogel research in order to produce materials with tailored properties for certain applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Behrendt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Wen F, Chen R, Wang M, Zhang Y, Dong W, Zhang Y, Yang R. Ovotransferrin, an alternative and potential protein for diverse food and nutritional applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39023034 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2381094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ovotransferrin(OVT)is a protein found in many types of egg white and has a wide range of functional properties. It has 50% homology with human/bovine lactoferrin, and is expected to be one of the most important alternative proteins for use in food and nutritional applications. This paper mainly reviews the structural characteristics and chemical properties of OVT, as well as its extraction and purification methods. It also systematically describes the various biological activities of OVT and its applications in food and medical industries. The challenges and limitations in the research of OVT were suggested. This review recommends some possible methods such as nanoparticle carriers and microencapsulation to improve the bioavailability and stability of OVT. In addition, this review highlights several strategies to overcome the limitations of OVT in terms of preparation and purification. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in OVT and will provide guidance for the its development for food and nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Runxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Babanejad N, Mfoafo K, Thumma A, Omidi Y, Omidian H. Advances in cryostructures and their applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical products. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Liu C, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhang H, Chen L, Wei Z. Sulfolane Crystal Templating: A One-Step and Tunable Polarity Approach for Self-Assembled Super-Macroporous Hydrophobic Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45810-45821. [PMID: 36169330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-casting (ice templating) is generally used to prepare super-macroporous materials. However, water solubility limits the application of freeze-casting in hydrophobic material fabrication. In the present work, inexpensive and low-toxic sulfolane was used as a novel crystallization-induced porogen (sulfolane crystal templating) to prepare super-macroporous hydrophobic monoliths (cryogels) with tunable polarity. The phase transition of sulfolane consisted of reversible processes in the liquid, semi-crystalline, and crystalline states. Because of the density change during phase transition, liquid sulfolane experienced a 16.4% volume shrinkage per unit mass. Thus, the cryogels obtained using the conventional freezing method contained obvious hollow-shaped defects. Furthermore, a novel route of pre-cooling, pre-crystallization, crystal growth, freezing, and thawing (PPCFT) was employed to prepare cryogels with defect-free macroscopic morphology and uniform pore structure. The as-obtained cryogels were composed of a super-macroporous structures and interconnected channels, and their porosity ranged between 85 and 97%. Moreover, the cryogels manifested good hydrophobicity (contact angle = 120-130°) and had absorption capacities greater than 10 g g-1 for oils and organic liquids. The maximum absorption capacities of the resultant cryogels in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and liquid paraffin were 60.3, 35.8, and 15.2 g g-1, respectively. Moreover, sulfolane could conveniently dissolve hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers to generate amphiphilic cryogels (contact angle = 130-0°). Therefore, sulfolane crystal templating is a potential fabrication method for super-macroporous hydrophobic materials with tunable polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
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Applications of Cryostructures in the Chromatographic Separation of Biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Eigel D, Werner C, Newland B. Cryogel biomaterials for neuroscience applications. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105012. [PMID: 33731275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials in the form of 3D polymeric scaffolds have been used to create structurally and functionally biomimetic constructs of nervous system tissue. Such constructs can be used to model defects and disease or can be used to supplement neuronal tissue regeneration and repair. One such group of biomaterial scaffolds are hydrogels, which have been widely investigated for cell/tissue culture and as cell or molecule delivery systems in the field of neurosciences. However, a subset of hydrogels called cryogels, have shown to possess several distinct structural advantages over conventional hydrogel networks. Their macroporous structure, created via the time and resource efficient fabrication process (cryogelation) not only allows mass fluid transport throughout the structure, but also creates a high surface area to volume ratio for cell growth or drug loading. In addition, the macroporous structure of cryogels is ideal for applications in the central nervous system as they are very soft and spongey, yet also robust, which makes them a user-friendly and reproducible tool to address neuroscience challenges. In this review, we aim to provide the neuroscience community, who may not be familiar with the fundamental concepts of cryogels, an accessible summary of the basic information that pertain to their use in the brain and nervous tissue. We hope that this review shall initiate creative ways that cryogels could be further adapted and employed to tackle unsolved neuroscience challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Silva MS, Tavares APM, de Faria HD, Sales MGF, Figueiredo EC. Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Aiding the Analysis of Disease Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:933-948. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1843131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Siqueira Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Ana P. M. Tavares
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering of the Polytechnic School of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BioMark/UC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Dipe de Faria
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Maria Goreti Ferreira Sales
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering of the Polytechnic School of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BioMark/UC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Celik MU, Ekici S. Polyacrylamide-polyaniline composites: the effect of crosslinking on thermal, swelling, porosity, crystallinity, and conductivity properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhai M, Ma F, Li J, Wan B, Yu N. Preparation and properties of cryogel based on poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1401-1425. [PMID: 29667520 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1464263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel supermacroporous poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (p(HPMA)) cryogel was synthesized by cryogelation method at -16 °C. In this synthesis process, HPMA was used as a monomer, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) was used as cross-linker; the reaction was carried out in the presence of redox initiator pair N,N,N',N'-tetramethylene diamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulfate (APS). The effect of monomer concentration, cross-linker content, cooling rate, and dioxane co-solvent were determined with respect to the pore structure, mechanical behavior, swelling degree, and porosity of cryogel. The ESEM images indicate that the pore wall structure of cryogels was rough; moreover, small holes were present in the pore walls of cryogels. The result of compression test indicates that cryogels can be compressed by at least 80% without any breakdown. The result of swelling kinetics indicates that cryogels attain swelling equilibrium in 10 s. Furthermore, p(HPMA)-Cu2+ cryogel was prepared by loading Cu2+ ions on functionalized poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-iminodiacetic acid (p(HPMA)-IDA) cryogel. We investigated the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on cryogels. The results indicate that compared to Freundlich isotherm, Langmuir isotherm could more suitably describe the adsorption process of BSA on cryogels. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of p(HPMA)-Cu2+ cryogel was significantly greater than that of p(HPMA) cryogel. The maximum adsorption capacity of BSA on p(HPMA)-Cu2+ cryogel, which was treated with 1 M Cu2+ ions, was as high as 196.87 mg/g cryogel (equivalent to 20.48 mg/mL cryogel) at 25 °C and pH = 7.8; therefore, the maximum adsorption capacity of BSA on p(HPMA)-Cu2+ cryogel was 4.35 times higher than that of p(HPMA) cryogel. Thus, the adsorption capacity of cryogels was strongly influenced by Cu2+ concentration, moreover, temperature changes clearly affected the adsorption capacity of p(HPMA)-Cu2+cryogel. The adsorption capacity at 25 °C was twice as that at 15 °C. By calculating Gibbs free energy change (∆G) of adsorption, we found that the adsorption process was spontaneous; moreover, adsorption process occurred better at higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Zhai
- a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Feng Ma
- a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Junying Li
- a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Binbin Wan
- a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Ning Yu
- a School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
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Yang C, Zhang Y, Cao WQ, Ji XF, Wang J, Yan YN, Zhong TL, Wang Y. Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Cryogels to Deplete Abundant Proteins from Bovine Serum. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E97. [PMID: 30966133 PMCID: PMC6414991 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polyacrylamide cryogels were synthesized with pending templates (bovine serums of different concentrations). As the serum concentrations increased in the monomer solutions, the resulting cryogels could adsorb and deplete more proteins from serum samples. Due to the addition of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) in the prepolymerizing solutions, the polymers came as organic⁻inorganic hybrid materials. It endued the silica-modified amphoteric polyacrylamide cryogels with improved mechanical strengths. Scanning electron micrography (SEM), Infrared (IR) spectrometry, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to characterize these macroporous polymers. Amphoteric cryogels proved to be favorable materials recognizing and binding proteins. When used as liquid chromatography stationary phases, they were capable of simultaneously adsorbing various serum proteins. Electrophoresis showed that abundant proteins were gradually depleted by the cryogels prepared from increased ratios of bovine serums in the monomer solutions. As abundant proteins are always imprinted first, this sample per se imprinting method provides an effective and convenient way to deplete abundant proteins from complex samples such as serums, meanwhile concentrating and collecting scarce species therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Wei-Qin Cao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ji
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Tao-Lin Zhong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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YANG C, ZHOU XL, LIU YR, ZHANG Y, WANG J, TIAN LL, YAN YN. Extensive Imprinting Adaptability of Polyacrylamide-based Amphoteric Cryogels Against Protein Molecules. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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