RP-HPLC Stability-indicating Method for Estimation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Analytical quality by design approach to develop an eco-friendly RP-HPLC method for estimation of irbesartan in chitosan polymeric nanoparticles: forced degradation studies and assessment of in vitro release mathematical modelling

Irbesartan is an angiotensin converting enzyme blocker, primarily utilized for the management of hypertension and the mitigation of diabetic nephropathy progression. The present study introduces rapid, robust and environmentally sustainable reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) validated under the analytical quality by design (AQbD) framework according to ICH guidelines. Utilizing a central composite design, the method's systemic optimization was achieved, ensuring reproducibility and accuracy. Chromatographic separation was accomplished utilizing an ethanol and sodium acetate buffer (60 : 40 v/v) isocratic mobile phase system on a zorbax sb C18 column, with a flow rate of at 0.6 mL min-1. Studies on forced degradation outlined stability of irbesartan and its degradation processes, enhancing our understanding of its chemical robustness under varied conditions. Complementing the green chemistry paradigm, the method's environmental impact was critically assessed, affirming its alignment with sustainability objectives. The validated method proved pivotal in determining the percent entrapment and loading efficiency of the formulated nanoparticles and holds potential for application in biological matrices. Furthermore, the encapsulation of IRB within chitosan nanoparticles was explored to assess release kinetics and enhance bioavailability. This study not only advances the analytical sciences by merging eco-friendly practices with method development but also broadens the applicative landscape of HPLC methodologies in drug delivery research.

Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine, and telmisartan with spectrophotometric and HPLC green chemistry applications

For the quantifiable amounts of Telmisartan (TLM) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HYD) in the presence of Amlodipine (AML) in a ternary mixture of synthetic laboratory mixture, a novel, sensitive, quick, and practical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was given. In order to separate, a Waters Spherisorb ODS-2 C18 column was used. For HYD, TLM, and AML, these techniques were viable over linearity ranges of 4-12 μg/mL, 4-25 μg/mL, and 5-40 μg/mL, respectively. The mobile phase system was acetonitrile:methanol: phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 (65:5:30 v/v/v), and the flow rate was 1.5 mL/min. Novel spectrophotometric methods were applied for active substances to determine simultaneously. The first method is absorptivity centering using factorized spectrum, and the second method is dual amplitude difference coupled with absorbance subtraction. These approaches have been effectively applied to bulk, laboratory synthetic mixtures to employ active components quantitatively. Correlation coefficients were found to be higher than 0.99 and the limit of detection values lower than 0.49 μg/mL in both spectrophotometric methods. The methodologies were validated following ICH recommendations. In the developed HPLC method, the limit of detection values was found to be 0.01 μg/mL for HYD and 0.02 μg/mL for AML and TLM. The correlation coefficients for the HPLC method were found to be 0.9971 for HYD, 0.9990 for AML, and 0.9983 for TLM. The suggested HPLC technique is a simple, effective, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and time-saving approach for determining TLM and HYD in the presence of AML.

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sartans in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Review

Background:

Sartans are mostly used as a part of combination with additional medicines in the therapy of essencial hypertension. Preferred combinations are ARB and thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and Chlorthalidone (CHL)) or ARB and calcium antagonists. The number of sartans mostly prescribed by specialists is only seven - Candesartan (CDS), Eprosartan (EPS), Irbesartan (IBS), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OMS), Telmisartan (TMS) and Valsartan (VLS).

Methods:

The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. According to our knowledge, a review devoted to the analysis of sartans was published in 2014.

Results:

Spectral methods are widely used in the analysis of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their relatively simple procedures, low reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision and accuracy combined with accessibility and comparatively low cost of common apparatus. Many papers for determination of sartans in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations based on liquid chromatographic techniques were published in the available literature. Among these methods, HPLC takes the leading place but UPLC and HPTLC are also present.

Conclusion:

The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. Since 2014, many articles have been published on the sartans analysis and this provoked our interest to summarize the latest applications in the analysis of sartans in pharmaceutical formulations and biological media. Articles published from 2014 to 2018 are covered.