1
|
Liu J, Qu H, Hang L, Sun Y, Li W, Chen Y, Li H, Wen W, Feng Y, Jiang G. Dual-targeting nanotheranostics for MRI-guided enhanced chemodynamic therapy of hepatoma via regulating the tumor microenvironment. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16433-16441. [PMID: 37872809 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapeutic modality, has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the insufficient therapeutic effect of CDT is due to the antioxidant system in the tumor microenvironment, such as high levels of glutathione (GSH). In this study, we developed a biological/physical dual-targeting nanotheranostic agent (relaxation rate, r1: 6.3 mM-1 s-1 and r2: 13.11 mM-1 s-1) for enhanced CDT of SMCC-7721 tumors. This nanotheranostic agent is composed of a homologous tumor cell membrane (TCM), magnetic ferric oxide, and manganese oxide and is denoted as FM@TCM nanoparticles (NPs). A favorable effect of in vitro CDT on SMCC-7721 cells (IC50: 20 μg mL-1) is demonstrated, attributed to the Fenton reaction and oxidative stress resulting from the reduction of the GSH level. In vivo T1/T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirms that the tumor accumulation of FM@TCM NPs is promoted by concurrent bioactive targeting of the homologous TCM and physico-magnetic targeting of tumor tissues with an external magnetic field. Impressive chemodynamic therapeutic effects on SMCC-7721 tumors are demonstrated through the catalysis of endogenous hydrogen peroxide and depletion of GSH to generate high levels of ROS. Dual-targeting FM@TCM NPs inhibit SMCC-7721 tumor growth (∼90.9%) in vivo without any biotoxicity. This nanotheranostic agent has great potential for use in MRI-guided CDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, P. R. China.
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Major Brain Diseases, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Qu
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Major Brain Diseases, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Hang
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Major Brain Diseases, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Wuming Li
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Major Brain Diseases, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, P. R. China.
| | - Yiyu Chen
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Major Brain Diseases, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Li
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China.
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, P. R. China.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Major Brain Diseases, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia HY, Li BY, Zhao Y, Han YH, Wang SB, Chen AZ, Kankala RK. Nanoarchitectured manganese dioxide (MnO2)-based assemblies for biomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
3
|
Arkaban H, Barani M, Akbarizadeh MR, Pal Singh Chauhan N, Jadoun S, Dehghani Soltani M, Zarrintaj P. Polyacrylic Acid Nanoplatforms: Antimicrobial, Tissue Engineering, and Cancer Theranostic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061259. [PMID: 35335590 PMCID: PMC8948866 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer that gained lots of interest in recent years. PAA nano-derivatives can be obtained by chemical modification of carboxyl groups with superior chemical properties in comparison to unmodified PAA. For example, nano-particles produced from PAA derivatives can be used to deliver drugs due to their stability and biocompatibility. PAA and its nanoconjugates could also be regarded as stimuli-responsive platforms that make them ideal for drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. These properties make PAA a good candidate for conventional and novel drug carrier systems. Here, we started with synthesis approaches, structure characteristics, and other architectures of PAA nanoplatforms. Then, different conjugations of PAA/nanostructures and their potential in various fields of nanomedicine such as antimicrobial, anticancer, imaging, biosensor, and tissue engineering were discussed. Finally, biocompatibility and challenges of PAA nanoplatforms were highlighted. This review will provide fundamental knowledge and current information connected to the PAA nanoplatforms and their applications in biological fields for a broad audience of researchers, engineers, and newcomers. In this light, PAA nanoplatforms could have great potential for the research and development of new nano vaccines and nano drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Arkaban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pediatric, Amir Al Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 9861663335, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles’s University, Udaipur 313002, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sapana Jadoun
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Concepcion, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepcion 4070371, Chile;
| | | | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu G, Zheng P, Wang M, Chen W, Li C. A novel CuCoS nanozyme for synergistic photothermal and chemodynamic therapy of tumors. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01563j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional CuCoS nanoparticles with photothermal converters and dual enzymatic activities have been designed for the synergistic photothermal and chemodynamic therapy of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baghban R, Afarid M, Soleymani J, Rahimi M. Were magnetic materials useful in cancer therapy? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112321. [PMID: 34656061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major challenges fronting the biomedical basic researches in our time. The study and development of effective therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy are vital. Among the many probable core constituents of nanoparticles, magnetite-based nanoparticles have been widely studied for cancer therapy owing to their inherent magnetic features, multifunctional design, biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Magnetic nanoparticles have been also designed for utilizing as contrast enhancer agents for magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery systems, and most recently as a therapeutic element in inducing cellular death in tumor ablation therapies. This review aimed to provide an overview of the various applications of magnetic nanoparticles and recent achievements in developing these advanced materials for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Baghban
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Afarid
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Rahimi
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang M, Wang X, Pu F, Liu Y, Guo J, Chang S, Sun G, Peng Y. Engineered Exosomes-Based Photothermal Therapy with MRI/CT Imaging Guidance Enhances Anticancer Efficacy through Deep Tumor Nucleus Penetration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101593. [PMID: 34683886 PMCID: PMC8538523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as natural nanovesicles, have become a spotlight in the field of cancer therapy due to their reduced immunogenicity and ability to overcome physiological barriers. However, the tumor targeting ability of exosomes needs to be improved before its actual application. Herein, a multiple targeted engineered exosomes nanoplatform was constructed through rare earth element Gd and Dy-doped and TAT peptide-modified carbon dots (CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT) encapsulated into RGD peptide engineered exosomes (Exo-RGD), which were used to enhance the effect of cancer imaging diagnosis and photothermal therapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the resulting CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD could effectively accumulate at cancer site with an increased concentration owing to the targeting peptides modification and exosomes encapsulation. The tumor therapy effects of mice treated with CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD were heightened compared with mice from the CDs:Gd,Dy control group. After intravenous injection of CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD into tumor-bearing mice, the temperature of tumors rose to above 50 °C under NIR irradiation and the localized hyperpyrexia induced by CDs could remarkably ablate tumors. The survival rate of the mice was 100% after 60 days. In addition, the CDs:Gd,Dy-TAT@Exo-RGD exhibited higher MRI/CT imaging contrast enhancement of tumor sites than that of CDs:Gd,Dy. Our study identified that engineered exosomes are a powerful tool for encapsulating multiple agents to enhance cancer theranostic efficiency and provide insight into precise personalized nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.W.); (F.P.)
| | - Fang Pu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (X.W.); (F.P.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuzhuo Chang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Guoying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang T, Deng M, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu Y, Song S, Gong T, Yuan Q. Facile Synthesis of Holmium-Based Nanoparticles as a CT and MRI Dual-Modal Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741383. [PMID: 34513716 PMCID: PMC8427799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of medical imaging has boosted the abilities of modern medicine. As single modality imaging limits complex cancer diagnostics, dual-modal imaging has come into the spotlight in clinical settings. The rare earth element Holmium (Ho) has intrinsic paramagnetism and great X-ray attenuation due to its high atomic number. These features endow Ho with good potential to be a nanoprobe in combined x-ray computed tomography (CT) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein, we present a facile strategy for preparing HoF3 nanoparticles (HoF3 NPs) with modification by PEG 4000. The functional PEG-HoF3 NPs have good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility as a dual-modal contrast agent. Currently, there is limited systematic and intensive investigation of Ho-based nanomaterials for dual-modal imaging. Our PEG-HoF3 NPs provide a new direction to realize in vitro and vivo CT/MRI imaging, as well as validation of Ho-based nanomaterials will verify their potential for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mo Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zerun Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jilin University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinghai Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruan J, Qian H. Recent Development on Controlled Synthesis of Mn‐Based Nanostructures for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 P. R. China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Shen J, Zhou N, Lu X, Zhao C. Multifunctional red carbon dots: a theranostic platform for magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy. Analyst 2021; 145:3592-3597. [PMID: 32319476 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) with red-emitting wavelengths have received increasing attention in cancer therapy and imaging. Here, we reported a multi-functional CD based platform combining bimodal magnetic resonance/fluorescence (MR/FL) imaging and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for in vivo imaging of tumor tissues and efficient anticancer treatment. The red-emitting CDs were synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method with p-phenylenediamine as the carbon source. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was covalently coupled to the surface of CDs and then complexed with Fe2+ and Gd3+ to obtain functionalized red CDs (CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe). CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe exhibited bright and stable fluorescence and strong T1-weighted MR imaging (MRI) contrast. Moreover, the CDs@EDTA@Gd@Fe showed an excellent anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo via a Fenton reaction-based CDT by releasing Fe2+ in the tumor. Our study offers a promising strategy for developing multi-functional CDs for cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China. and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China. and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Changhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Immobilization of carboranes on Fe3O4-polymer nanocomposites for potential application in boron neutron cancer therapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
CUI FZ, LIU JH, LIU Y, YUAN BY, GONG X, YUAN QH, GONG TT, WANG L. Synthesis of PEGylated BaGdF5 Nanoparticles as Efficient CT/MRI Dual-modal Contrast Agents for Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
12
|
Kulpa A, Ryl J, Skowierzak G, Koterwa A, Schroeder G, Ossowski T, Niedziałkowski P. Comparison of Cadmium Cd
2+
and Lead Pb
2+
Binding by Fe
2
O
3
@SiO
2
‐EDTA Nanoparticles – Binding Stability and Kinetic Studies. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kulpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Department of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Materials Engineering, Faculty of ChemistryGdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skowierzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Adrian Koterwa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Grzegorz Schroeder
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, University of Poznan 8 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ossowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| |
Collapse
|