1
|
Abdi-Khanghah M, Hamoule T, D'Agostino C, Spallina V, Wu KC. Para-xylene production from toluene methylation: Novel catalyst synthesis, fabrication and ANFIS modelling. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
2
|
p-Xylene Oxidation to Terephthalic Acid: New Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041922. [PMID: 36838910 PMCID: PMC9961377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale terephthalic acid production from the oxidation of p-xylene is an especially important process in the polyester industry, as it is mainly used in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, a polymer that is widely used in fibers, films, and plastic products. This review presents and discusses catalytic advances and new trends in terephthalic acid production (since 2014), innovations in terephthalic acid purification processes, and simulations of reactors and reaction mechanisms.
Collapse
|
3
|
Majedi M, Safaei E, Gyergyek S. New iron(iii) complex of bis-bidentate-anchored diacyl resorcinol on a Fe 3O 4 nanomagnet: C-H bond oxygenation, oxidative cleavage of alkenes and benzoxazole synthesis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4040-4055. [PMID: 36756566 PMCID: PMC9890640 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel, bis-bidentate, covalently anchored, 4,6-diacetyl resorcinol (DAR) ligand on silica-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the corresponding bi-metallic iron(iii) complex (Fe3O4@SiO2-APTESFe2LDAR). Both the chemical nature and the structure of the homogeneously heterogenized catalyst were investigated using physico-chemical techniques. The results obtained by XPS, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, VSM, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP and AAS revealed a magnetic core, a silica layer and the grafting of a binuclear iron complex on the Fe3O4@SiO2-APTES, as well as its thermodynamic stability. Despite many reports of metal complexes on different supports, there are no reports of anchored, bi-metallic complexes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a bi-active site catalyst covalently attached to a support. This study focuses on the catalytic activity of an as-synthesized, bi-active site catalyst for C-H bond oxygenation, the oxidative cleavage of alkenes, and the multicomponent, one-pot synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives with excellent yields from readily available starting materials. Our results indicated high conversion rates and selectivity under mild reaction conditions and simple separation using a magnetic field. The leaching and recyclability tests of the catalyst were investigated for the above processes, which indicated that all the reactions proceed via a heterogeneous pathway and that the catalyst is recyclable without any tangible loss in catalytic activity for at least 8, 5 and 5 cycles for C-H bond oxygenation, C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond cleavage and benzoxazole synthesis, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Majedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Sašo Gyergyek
- Department for Synthesis of Materials, Jožef Stefan InstituteJamova cesta 391000 LjubljanaSlovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effect of oligo(ethylene glycol) length on properties of poly(oligoethylene glycol terephthalate)s and their cyclic oligomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Volmajer Valh J, Stopar D, Selaya Berodia I, Erjavec A, Šauperl O, Fras Zemljič L. Economical Chemical Recycling of Complex PET Waste in the Form of Active Packaging Material. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163244. [PMID: 36015499 PMCID: PMC9412626 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since millions of tons of packaging material cannot be recycled in conventional ways, most of it ends up in landfills or even dumped into the natural environment. The researched methods of chemical depolymerization therefore open a new perspective for the recycling of various PET materials, which are especially important for packaging. Food preservative packaging materials made from PET plastics are complex, and their wastes are often contaminated, so there are no sophisticated solutions for them in the recycling industry. After integrating the biopolymer chitosan, which is derived from natural chitin, as an active surface additive in PET materials, we discovered that it not only enriches the packaging material as a microbial inhibitor to reduce the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, thus extending the shelf life of the contained food, but also enables economical chemical recycling by alkaline or neutral hydrolysis, which is an environmentally friendly process. Alkaline hydrolysis at a high temperature and pressure completely depolymerizes chitosan-coated PET packaging materials into pure terephthalic acid and charcoal. The products were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The resulting reusable material represents raw materials in chemical, plastic, textile, and other industries, in addition to the antimicrobial function and recyclability itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julija Volmajer Valh
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitrije Stopar
- AKG–Robust Plastics Group, Jetfloat International GmbH, Oberer Markt 111, AT-8410 Wildon, Austria
| | - Ignacio Selaya Berodia
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alen Erjavec
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Olivera Šauperl
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu WJ, Zhou XT, Sun MZ, Ji HB. Efficient catalytic oxidation of primary benzylic C H bonds with molecular oxygen catalyzed by cobalt porphyrins and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) in supercritical carbon dioxide. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2021.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
7
|
Damayanti D, Supriyadi D, Amelia D, Saputri DR, Devi YLL, Auriyani WA, Wu HS. Conversion of Lignocellulose for Bioethanol Production, Applied in Bio-Polyethylene Terephthalate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2886. [PMID: 34502925 PMCID: PMC8433819 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) grows population impacts daily. A greener and more sustainable raw material, lignocellulose, is a promising replacement of petroleum-based raw materials to convert into bio-PET. This paper reviews the recent development of lignocellulose conversion into bio-PET through bioethanol reaction pathways. This review addresses lignocellulose properties, bioethanol production processes, separation processes of bioethanol, and the production of bio-terephthalic acid and bio-polyethylene terephthalate. The article also discusses the current industries that manufacture alcohol-based raw materials for bio-PET or bio-PET products. In the future, the production of bio-PET from biomass will increase due to the scarcity of petroleum-based raw materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damayanti Damayanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia; (D.S.); (D.A.); (D.R.S.); (Y.L.L.D.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Didik Supriyadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia; (D.S.); (D.A.); (D.R.S.); (Y.L.L.D.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Devita Amelia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia; (D.S.); (D.A.); (D.R.S.); (Y.L.L.D.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Desi Riana Saputri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia; (D.S.); (D.A.); (D.R.S.); (Y.L.L.D.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Yuniar Luthfia Listya Devi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia; (D.S.); (D.A.); (D.R.S.); (Y.L.L.D.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Wika Atro Auriyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35365, Indonesia; (D.S.); (D.A.); (D.R.S.); (Y.L.L.D.); (W.A.A.)
| | - Ho Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barton B, Jooste DV, Hosten EC. Behaviour of host compounds 1,2-DAX and 1,2-DAT in the presence of mixed xylene and ethylbenzene guest solvents, and comparisons with their 1,4 host derivatives. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Azarpour A, Rezaei N, Zendehboudi S. Product quality control in hydropurification process by monitoring reactor feed impurities: Dynamic mathematical modeling. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Product Distribution of Chemical Product Using Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7249.432-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignin depolymerization is a very promising process which can generate value-added products from lignin raw materials. The main objective of lignin depolymerization is to convert the complex molecules of lignin into small molecules. Nevertheless, lignin is natural polymer which the molecules of lignin are extremely complicated due to their natural variability, and it will be a big challenge to depolymerize lignin, particularly high water yield. The various technology and methods are developed to depolymerize lignin into biofuels or bio chemical products including acid/base/metallic catalyzed lignin depolymerization, pyrolysis of lignin, hydroprocessing, and gasification. The distribution and yield of chemical products depend on the reaction operation condition, type of lignin and kind of catalyst. The reactor type, product distributions and specific chemicals (benzene, toluene, xylene, terephthalic acid) production of lignin depolymerization are intensive discussed in this review. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali AAKF, Danielson ND. Micellar and sub-micellar liquid chromatography of terephthalic acid contaminants using a C18 column coated with Tween 20. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:214-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Manganese and Cobalt Doped Hierarchical Mesoporous Halloysite-Based Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of p-Xylene to Terephthalic Acid. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic MnCo catalyst, supported on the mesoporous hierarchical MCM-41/halloysite nanotube composite, was synthesized for the first time and proved its efficacy in the selective oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid under conditions of the AMOCO process. Quantitative yields of terephthalic acid were achieved within 3 h at 200–250 °C, 20 atm. of O2 and at a substrate to the Mn + Co ratio of 4–4.5 times higher than for traditional homogeneous system. The influence of temperature, oxygen, pressure and KBr addition on the catalyst activity was investigated, and the mechanism for the oxidation of p-toluic acid to terephthalic acid, excluding undesirable 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, was proposed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Synthesis of polyoxometalates supported on HZSM-5 for the photocatalytic purification of crude terephthalic acid under mild conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Roohi H, Rajabi M. Iodometric Determination of Hydroperoxides in Hydrocarbon Autoxidation Reactions Using Triphenylphosphine Solution as a Titrant: A New Protocol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Rajabi
- Research Department, National Petrochemical Co. Research & Technology, Arak 399 163 5868, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roohi H, Rajabi M. Noncatalytic Liquid Phase Air Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to 1-Phenyl Ethyl Hydroperoxide in Low Oxygen Volume Fraction. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Roohi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Rajabi
- Department
of Chemistry, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Research Department, National Petrochemical Co., Research & Technology, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Betiha MA, Kandile NG, Badawi AM, Solyman SM, Afify AS. Oxidation of p-toluic acid to terephthalic acid via a bromine-free process using nano manganese and manganese–copper mixed oxides. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Challenges and technological opportunities for nano-mixed oxide (Cu–Mn) allowing a green route to valued terephthalic acid production from p-xylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Betiha
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute
- Nasr City
- Egypt
- Egypt Nanotechnology Center (EGNC) Cairo University
- El-Shiekh Zayed
| | - Nadia G. Kandile
- Faculty of women for Arts
- Science and Education
- Ain Shams University
- Egypt
| | | | - Sanaa M. Solyman
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute
- Nasr City
- Egypt
- AL-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Science
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuznetsova NI, Bal'zhinimaev BS, Bhattacharyya A, Walenga JT. An Improved Synthetic Approach for Obtaining High-Quality Terephthalic Acid: Eliminating the Need for Purification. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina I. Kuznetsova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; 5 Prospekt Lavrentieva Novosibirsk 630090 RF
| | - Bair S. Bal'zhinimaev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; 5 Prospekt Lavrentieva Novosibirsk 630090 RF
| | | | - Joel T. Walenga
- Honeywell UOP; 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, IL 60016 US
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sues PE, Bukhryakov KV, Schrock RR. Evaluation of Several Molybdenum and Ruthenium Catalysts for the Metathesis Homocoupling of 3‐Methyl‐1‐Butene. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Sues
- Department of Chemistry 6‐331 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry 6‐331 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry 6‐331 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang J, Martins LMDRS, Ribeiro APC, Carabineiro SAC, Figueiredo JL, Pombeiro AJL. Supported C-Scorpionate Vanadium(IV) Complexes as Reusable Catalysts for Xylene Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1915-1919. [PMID: 28477410 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Chemical Engineering Departament; Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana P. C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sónia A. C. Carabineiro
- Laboratório de Catálise e Materiais; Laboratório Associado LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - José L. Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Catálise e Materiais; Laboratório Associado LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liquid phase oxidation of xylenes catalyzed by the tripodal C-scorpionate iron(II) complex [FeCl2{κ3-HC(pz)3}]. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Joo SH, Shin DJ, Oh CH, Wang JP, Shin SM. Re-manufacture of cobalt-manganese-bromide as a liquid catalyst from spent catalyst containing cobalt generated from petrochemical processes via hydrometallurgy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:24-31. [PMID: 27391861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt and manganese have been the subject of individual separation studies because their fields of application are different. However, this study shows that high-value products can be manufactured in the form of a cobalt-manganese-bromide (CMB) liquid catalyst by simultaneously recovering cobalt and manganese. Na-bis-(2,4,4-tri-methyl-pentyl)phosphinic acid was employed in order to manufacture the CMB liquid catalyst from the spent catalyst generated from petroleum chemistry processes. The pH-isotherm, degree of saponification of solvent and separation factor values were investigated. ΔpH50 and separation factor values show that Co and Mn can be separated from impurities such as Mg and Ca. Further, the extraction stages and organic/aqueous ratio isotherms were investigated using counter-current simulation extraction batch tests. To prepare CMB from a loaded organic phase obtained in a stripping study using hydrogen bromide, the Co and Mn were completely stripped and concentrated by a factor of 6 using a 2M hydrogen bromide solution. When compared with manufactured and commercial CMB, the CMB liquid catalyst could be produced by supplying a shortage of Mn in the form of manganese bromide. Finally, the method of manufacture of CMB was subjected to a real pilot plant test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Joo
- Department of Resource Recycling, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Republic of Korea; Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Shin
- Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Oh
- Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Republic of Korea
| | - Jei-Pil Wang
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun Myung Shin
- Department of Resource Recycling, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Republic of Korea; Department of Extractive Metallurgy, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maneffa A, Priecel P, Lopez-Sanchez JA. Biomass-Derived Renewable Aromatics: Selective Routes and Outlook for p-Xylene Commercialisation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2736-2748. [PMID: 27624185 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylbenzenes are among the most important organic chemicals today and, among them, p-xylene deserves particular attention because of its production volume and its application in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). There is great interest in producing this commodity chemical more sustainably from biomass sources, particularly driven by manufacturers willing to produce more sustainable synthetic fibres and PET bottles for beverages. A renewable source for p-xylene would allow achieving this goal with minimal disruption to existing processes for PET production. Despite the fact that recently some routes to renewable p-xylene have been identified, there is no clear consensus on their feasibility or implications. We have critically reviewed the current state-of-the-art with focus on catalytic routes and possible outlook for commercialisation. Pathways to obtain p-xylene from a biomass-derived route include methanol-to-aromatics (MTA), ethanol dehydration, ethylene dimerization, furan cycloaddition or catalytic fast pyrolysis and hydrotreating of lignin. Some of the processes identified suggest near-future possibilities, but also more speculative or longer-term sources for synthesis of p-xylene are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Maneffa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Priecel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jose A Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Azarpour A, Nejad Ghaffar Borhani T, Wan Alwi SR, Abdul Manan Z, Madooli Behbehani M. Prediction of Pd/C Catalyst Deactivation Rate and Assessment of Optimal Operating Conditions of Industrial Hydropurification Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Azarpour
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Tohid Nejad Ghaffar Borhani
- Process
Systems Engineering Center (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi
- Process
Systems Engineering Center (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Zainuddin Abdul Manan
- Process
Systems Engineering Center (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Mazyar Madooli Behbehani
- PTA/PET Process
Engineering Office, Shahid Tondgooyan Petrochemical Company, Petrochemical Economic Special Zone, 667 Mahshahr, Khoozestan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|