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Cai M, Zhang Y, He P, Zhang Z. Recent Advances in Revealing the Electrocatalytic Mechanism for Hydrogen Energy Conversion System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2405008. [PMID: 39075971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In light of the intensifying global energy crisis and the mounting demand for environmental protection, it is of vital importance to develop advanced hydrogen energy conversion systems. Electrolysis cells for hydrogen production and fuel cell devices for hydrogen utilization are indispensable in hydrogen energy conversion. As one of the electrolysis cells, water splitting involves two electrochemical reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. And oxygen reduction reaction coupled with hydrogen oxidation reaction, represent the core electrocatalytic reactions in fuel cell devices. However, the inherent complexity and the lack of a clear understanding of the structure-performance relationship of these electrocatalytic reactions, have posed significant challenges to the advancement of research in this field. In this work, the recent development in revealing the mechanism of electrocatalytic reactions in hydrogen energy conversion systems is reviewed, including in situ characterization and theoretical calculation. First, the working principles and applications of operando measurements in unveiling the reaction mechanism are systematically introduced. Then the application of theoretical calculations in the design of catalysts and the investigation of the reaction mechanism are discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities are also summarized and discussed for paving the development of hydrogen energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Cai
- Materials Tech Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy Storage, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peilei He
- Materials Tech Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy Storage, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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Zhang M, Zhou D, Mu X, Wang D, Liu S, Dai Z. Regulating the Critical Intermediates of Dual-Atom Catalysts for CO 2 Electroreduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402050. [PMID: 38801298 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is a very attractive way to achieve a sustainable carbon cycle by converting CO2 into organic fuels and feedstocks. Therefore, it is crucial to design advanced electrocatalysts by understanding the reaction mechanism of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) with multiple electron transfers. Among electrocatalysts, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) are promising candidates due to their distinct electronic structures and extremely high atomic utilization efficiency. Herein, the eCO2RR mechanism and the identification of intermediates using advanced characterization techniques, with a particular focus on regulating the critical intermediates are systematically summarized. Further, the insightful understanding of the functionality of DACs originates from the variable metrics of electronic structures including orbital structure, charge distribution, and electron spin state, which influences the active sites and critical intermediates in eCO2RR processes. Based on the intrinsic relationship between variable metrics and critical intermediates, the optimized strategies of DACs are summarized containing the participation of synergistic atoms, engineering of the atomic coordination environment, regulation of the diversity of central metal atoms, and modulation of metal-support interaction. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of atomically dispersed catalysts for eCO2RR processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xueqin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Suli Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Chen C, Jin H, Wang P, Sun X, Jaroniec M, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Local reaction environment in electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2022-2055. [PMID: 38204405 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Beyond conventional electrocatalyst engineering, recent studies have unveiled the effectiveness of manipulating the local reaction environment in enhancing the performance of electrocatalytic reactions. The general principles and strategies of local environmental engineering for different electrocatalytic processes have been extensively investigated. This review provides a critical appraisal of the recent advancements in local reaction environment engineering, aiming to comprehensively assess this emerging field. It presents the interactions among surface structure, ions distribution and local electric field in relation to the local reaction environment. Useful protocols such as the interfacial reactant concentration, mass transport rate, adsorption/desorption behaviors, and binding energy are in-depth discussed toward modifying the local reaction environment. Meanwhile, electrode physical structures and reaction cell configurations are viable optimization methods in engineering local reaction environments. In combination with operando investigation techniques, we conclude that rational modifications of the local reaction environment can significantly enhance various electrocatalytic processes by optimizing the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction interface. We also outline future research directions to attain a comprehensive understanding and effective modulation of the local reaction environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Song W, Xiao C, Ding J, Huang Z, Yang X, Zhang T, Mitlin D, Hu W. Review of Carbon Support Coordination Environments for Single Metal Atom Electrocatalysts (SACS). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301477. [PMID: 37078970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This topical review focuses on the distinct role of carbon support coordination environment of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrocatalysis. The article begins with an overview of atomic coordination configurations in SACs, including a discussion of the advanced characterization techniques and simulation used for understanding the active sites. A summary of key electrocatalysis applications is then provided. These processes are oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR). The review then shifts to modulation of the metal atom-carbon coordination environments, focusing on nitrogen and other non-metal coordination through modulation at the first coordination shell and modulation in the second and higher coordination shells. Representative case studies are provided, starting with the classic four-nitrogen-coordinated single metal atom (MN4 ) based SACs. Bimetallic coordination models including homo-paired and hetero-paired active sites are also discussed, being categorized as emerging approaches. The theme of the discussions is the correlation between synthesis methods for selective doping, the carbon structure-electron configuration changes associated with the doping, the analytical techniques used to ascertain these changes, and the resultant electrocatalysis performance. Critical unanswered questions as well as promising underexplored research directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Caixia Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zechuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Zou Y, Wang S, He J. Interfacial Micro-Environment of Electrocatalysis and Its Applications for Organic Electro-Oxidation Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306488. [PMID: 37712127 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional designing principal of electrocatalyst is focused on the electronic structure tuning, on which effectively promotes the electrocatalysis. However, as a typical kind of electrode-electrolyte interface reaction, the electrocatalysis performance is also closely dependent on the electrocatalyst interfacial micro-environment (IME), including pH, reactant concentration, electric field, surface geometry structure, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, etc. Recently, organic electro-oxidation reaction (OEOR), which simultaneously reduces the anodic polarization potential and produces value-added chemicals, has emerged as a competitive alternative to oxygen evolution reaction, and the role IME played in OEOR is receiving great interest. Thus, this article provides a timely review on IME and its applications toward OEOR. In this review, the IME for conventional gas-involving reactions, as a contrast, is first presented, and then the recent progresses of IME toward diverse typical OEOR are summarized; especially, some representative works are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, cutting-edge analytical methods and characterization techniques are introduced to comprehensively understand the role IME played in OEOR. In the last section, perspectives and challenges of IME regulation for OEOR are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Junying He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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Ren JT, Chen L, Wang HY, Yuan ZY. High-entropy alloys in electrocatalysis: from fundamentals to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8319-8373. [PMID: 37920962 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00557g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) comprising five or more elements in near-equiatomic proportions have attracted ever increasing attention for their distinctive properties, such as exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, high hardness, and excellent ductility. The presence of multiple adjacent elements in HEAs provides unique opportunities for novel and adaptable active sites. By carefully selecting the element configuration and composition, these active sites can be optimized for specific purposes. Recently, HEAs have been shown to exhibit remarkable performance in electrocatalytic reactions. Further activity improvement of HEAs is necessary to determine their active sites, investigate the interactions between constituent elements, and understand the reaction mechanisms. Accordingly, a comprehensive review is imperative to capture the advancements in this burgeoning field. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the recent advances in synthetic methods, design principles, and characterization technologies for HEA-based electrocatalysts. Moreover, we discuss the diverse applications of HEAs in electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, hydrogen oxidation reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and alcohol oxidation reaction. By comprehensively covering these topics, we aim to elucidate the intricacies of active sites, constituent element interactions, and reaction mechanisms associated with HEAs. Finally, we underscore the imminent challenges and emphasize the significance of both experimental and theoretical perspectives, as well as the potential applications of HEAs in catalysis. We anticipate that this review will encourage further exploration and development of HEAs in electrochemistry-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Ren
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhong-Yong Yuan
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Wei DY, Xing GN, Chen HQ, Xie XQ, Huang HM, Dong JC, Tian JH, Zhang H, Li JF. Palladium atomic layers coated on ultrafine gold nanowires boost oxygen reduction reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1518-1524. [PMID: 37487282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-based nanocatalysts play an important role in catalyzing the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cells working under alkaline conditions, but the performance still needs to be improved to meet the requirements for large-scale applications. Herein, Au@Pd core-shell nanowires have been developed by coating Pd atomic layers on ultrafine gold nanowires and display outstanding electrocatalytic performance towards alkaline ORR. It is found that Pd overlayers with atomic thickness can be coated on 3 nm Au nanowires under CO atmosphere and completely cover the surfaces. The obtained ultrafine Au@Pd nanowires exhibit an electrochemical active area (ECSA) of 68.5 m2/g and a mass activity of 0.91 A/mg (at 0.9 V vs. RHE), which is around 3.1 and 15.2 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C. The activity loss of the ultrafine Au@Pd nanowire after 10,000 cycles of accelerated degradation tests is only ∼20 %, demonstrating its much better stability compared to commercial Pd/C. Further characterizations combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the electronic interactions between Pd atomic layers and underlying Au can increase the electronic density of Pd and promote the efficient activation of oxygen, thus leading to the improved ORR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Ye Wei
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guan-Nan Xing
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Heng-Quan Chen
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Xie
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui-Mei Huang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin-Chao Dong
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing-Hua Tian
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Zhao Y, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Huang C, Triana CA, Marks WR, Chen H, Zhao H, Patzke GR. Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6257-6358. [PMID: 36944098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, the complexity of the catalyst-electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic OER/ORR mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances of in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated the kinetic monitoring of catalysts under reaction conditions. Here we provide selected highlights of recent in situ/operando mechanistic studies of OER/ORR catalysts with the main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate under basic conditions), followed by a brief outlook on molecular catalysts. Key sections in this review are focused on determination of the true active species, identification of the active sites, and monitoring of the reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into the above factors, a short overview of the metrics for accurate characterizations of OER/ORR catalysts is provided. A combination of the obtained time-resolved reaction information and reliable activity data will then guide the rational design of new catalysts. Strategies such as optimizing the restructuring process as well as overcoming the adsorption-energy scaling relations will be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges and prospects toward the understanding and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts and selected homogeneous catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Xing GN, Wei DY, Zhang H, Tian ZQ, Li JF. Pd-based Nanocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Preparation, Performance, and in-Situ Characterization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Recent Advances in In Situ/Operando Surface/Interface Characterization Techniques for the Study of Artificial Photosynthesis. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(Photo-)electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis driven by electrical and/or solar energy that converts water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrogen (H2), carbohydrates and oxygen (O2), has proven to be a promising and effective route for producing clean alternatives to fossil fuels, as well as for storing intermittent renewable energy, and thus to solve the energy crisis and climate change issues that we are facing today. Basic (photo-)electrocatalysis consists of three main processes: (1) light absorption, (2) the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers, and (3) the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers at the interfaces. With further research, scientists have found that these three steps are significantly affected by surface and interface properties (e.g., defect, dangling bonds, adsorption/desorption, surface recombination, electric double layer (EDL), surface dipole). Therefore, the catalytic performance, which to a great extent is determined by the physicochemical properties of surfaces and interfaces between catalyst and reactant, can be changed dramatically under working conditions. Common approaches for investigating these phenomena include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Generally, these techniques can only be applied under ex situ conditions and cannot fully recover the changes of catalysts in real chemical reactions. How to identify and track alterations of the catalysts, and thus provide further insight into the complex mechanisms behind them, has become a major research topic in this field. The application of in situ/operando characterization techniques enables real-time monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes. Therefore, researchers can obtain physical and/or chemical information during the reaction (e.g., morphology, chemical bonding, valence state, photocurrent distribution, surface potential variation, surface reconstruction), or even by the combination of these techniques as a suite (e.g., atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), or near-ambient-pressure STM/XPS combined system (NAP STM-XPS)) to correlate the various properties simultaneously, so as to further reveal the reaction mechanisms. In this review, we briefly describe the working principles of in situ/operando surface/interface characterization technologies (i.e., SPM and X-ray spectroscopy) and discuss the recent progress in monitoring relevant surface/interface changes during water splitting and CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). We hope that this review will provide our readers with some ideas and guidance about how these in situ/operando characterization techniques can help us investigate the changes in catalyst surfaces/interfaces, and further promote the development of (photo-)electrocatalytic surface and interface engineering.
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Zhao J, Lian J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Zhang J. A Review of In-Situ Techniques for Probing Active Sites and Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:19. [PMID: 36580130 PMCID: PMC9800687 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal-O2/air batteries, etc. However, the essential catalysts to overcome its slow reaction kinetic always undergo a complex dynamic evolution in the actual catalytic process, and the concomitant intermediates and catalytic products also occur continuous conversion and reconstruction. This makes them difficult to be accurately captured, making the identification of ORR active sites and the elucidation of ORR mechanisms difficult. Thus, it is necessary to use extensive in-situ characterization techniques to proceed the real-time monitoring of the catalyst structure and the evolution state of intermediates and products during ORR. This work reviews the major advances in the use of various in-situ techniques to characterize the catalytic processes of various catalysts. Specifically, the catalyst structure evolutions revealed directly by in-situ techniques are systematically summarized, such as phase, valence, electronic transfer, coordination, and spin states varies. In-situ revelation of intermediate adsorption/desorption behavior, and the real-time monitoring of the product nucleation, growth, and reconstruction evolution are equally emphasized in the discussion. Other interference factors, as well as in-situ signal assignment with the aid of theoretical calculations, are also covered. Finally, some major challenges and prospects of in-situ techniques for future catalysts research in the ORR process are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Fundamental aspects in CO2 electroreduction reaction and solutions from in situ vibrational spectroscopies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Su HS, Chang X, Xu B. Surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies in electrocatalysis: Fundamentals, challenges, and perspectives. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Rational design and structural engineering of heterogeneous single-atom nanozyme for biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yao ZC, Tang T, Jiang Z, Wang L, Hu JS, Wan LJ. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation in Alkaline Media: From Mechanistic Insights to Catalyst Design. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5153-5183. [PMID: 35420784 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the potential to circumvent the need for scarce and cost-prohibitive platinum-based catalysts in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are emerging as alternative technologies with zero carbon emission. Numerous noble metal-free catalysts have been developed with excellent catalytic performance for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction in AEMFCs. However, the anodic catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) still rely on noble metal materials. Since the kinetics of HOR in alkaline media is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that in acidic media, it is a major challenge to either improve the performance of noble metal catalysts or to develop high-performance noble metal-free catalysts. Additionally, the mechanisms of alkaline HOR are not yet clear and still under debate, further hampering the design of electrocatalysts. Against this backdrop, this review starts with the prevailing theories for alkaline HOR on the basis of diverse activity descriptors, i.e., hydrogen binding energy theory and bifunctional theory. The design principles and recent advances of HOR catalysts employing the aforementioned theories are then summarized. Next, the strategies and recent progress in improving the antioxidation capability of HOR catalysts, a thorny issue which has not received sufficient attention, are discussed. Moreover, the significance of correlating computational models with real catalyst structure and the electrode/electrolyte interface is further emphasized. Lastly, the remaining controversies about the alkaline HOR mechanisms as well as the challenges and possible research directions in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Cheng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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