Manipulating the electronic structure of Ni electrocatalyst through d-p orbital hybridization induced by B-doping for efficient alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction

Matrix-type bismuth-modulated copper-sulfur electrode using local photothermal effect strategy for efficient seawater splitting

Constructing catalytic electrodes with green economy, stability, and high efficiency is crucial for achieving overall economic water splitting. Herein, a matrix-type bismuth-modulated nickel-boron electrodes loaded on sulfurized copper foils (Bi-NiBx@CFS) is synthesized via in situ mild electroless plating. This electrode features a 2-dimensional (2D) matrix-type nanosheet structure with uniform, large pores, providing more active sites and ensuring a high gas transmission rate. Notably, the crystalline-amorphous structure constituted by the photothermal materials Bi and NiBx is loaded onto sulfide-based heterostructures. This enhances the catalytic activity through the "local photothermal effect" strategy. A performance enhancement of approximately 10 % is achieved for the Bi-NiBx@CFS at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 using this strategy at 298 K. This enhancement is equivalent to increasing the temperature of conventional electrolyte solutions by 321 K. In addition, the overpotential required to catalytically drive seawater splitting at the same current density is only 1.486 V. The Bi-NiBx@CFS electrode operates stably for 200 h without any performance degradation at industrial-grade current densities. The Bi-NiBx@CFS electrode under the "localized photothermal effect" strategy is expected to be a new type of electrocatalyst for overall seawater splitting.

d-sp orbital hybridization: a strategy for activity improvement of transition metal catalysts

Orbital hybridization to regulate the electronic structures and surface chemisorption properties of transition metals has been extensively investigated for searching high-performance catalysts toward various reactions. Unlike conventional d-d hybridization, the d-sp hybridization interaction between transition metals and p-block elements could result in surprising electronic properties and catalytic activities. This feature article highlights the recent progress in the development of high-performance transition metal-based catalysts through the extraordinary d-sp hybridization strategy, particularly for energy-related electrocatalytic applications. We start by giving an introduction of fundamental concepts associated with electronic structures of transition metal catalysts, including the Sabatier principle, d-band theory, electronic descriptor, as well as the comparison of d-d hybridization and d-sp hybridization strategies. Then, we summarize the theoretical and experimental advances in d-sp hybridization catalysts, including p-block element-doped metal catalysts, intermetallic catalysts and supported metal catalysts, with emphasis on the important roles of d-sp hybridization in tuning catalytic performances. Finally, we present existing challenges and future development prospects for the rational design of advanced d-sp hybridization catalysts.